Different AlN nanostructures were synthesized by using chemical vapor condensation method. The raw materials were a mixture of Al and NH4Cl powder with different weight ratios as well as Cu and Mn powders, which were used as dopants. The effects of the source materials, dopants, and annealing on optical and structural properties of AlN nanostructures were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy results showed different nanostructures, including nanowires and nanoparticles with different sizes and morphologies. The photoluminescence spectroscopy of the samples was performed at room temperature. Photoluminescence spectra of the samples showed intense peaks in visible regions from undoped, Mn-doped, and Cu-doped samples. Due to the light emission from the samples at different wavelengths, these nanostructures can be used in optoelectronic devices.