2005, 11 (1), 11-16.

Chemical vapor growth of NiGa

Mathur, Sanjay | Barth, Sven | Shen, Hao

Nanocrystalline NiGa

2

O

4

films were deposited on silicon substrates by the CVD of a new heterometal alkoxide, [NiGa

2

(O

t

Bu)

8

]. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed a single-step decomposition behavior for the molecular precursor at low temperature (240°C), suitable for a CVD process. [NiGa

2

(O

t

Bu)

8

] is monomeric in solid state with a tetrahedral Ni

2+

center coordinated by two monoanionic {Ga(O

t

Bu)

4

}-moieties. Despite an adequate vapor pressure, the gas-phase transport of [NiGa

2

(O

t

Bu)

8

] is susceptible to the distance and geometry of the effective diffusion path. Investigations on CVD deposits obtained using different transport pathways (reservoir — substrate) show that gas-phase travel through a long (39 cm) and angular reactor tube induces fragmentation of the heterometal compound, which yields minor amounts of Ni, NiO, and Ga

2

O

3

(amorphous), besides the target (NiGa

2

O

4

) composition. Shortened reservoir — substrate path length (13 cm) produced stoichiometric NiGa

2

O

4

films, apparently due to reduced collision probabilities and a laminar flow. In both cases, the chemical composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), whilst the structure was evaluated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From these, the advantages and limitations of the single molecular source in the growth of NiGa

2

O

4

films could be determined.