INM - Jahresbericht 2016 | Annual Report 2016

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 3 LIEBE FREUNDINNEN UND FREUNDE DES INM, 2016 war wieder ein sehr erfolgreiches Jahr für das INM. Sowohl Publikationen als auch die Drit- miteleinwerbung sind – von einem hohen Niveau ausgehend – weiter gestiegen. Und wir sind stolz, wenn „die Köpfe dahinter“ externe Anerkennung für ihre Arbeit erhalten, so wie im letzten Jahr bei- spielsweise diese drei: Seit Dezember ist Tobias Kraus, Leiter des Pro- grammbereichs Strukturbildung, W3-Professor für Kolloid- und Grenzlächenchemie an der Univer- sität des Saarlandes. Damit sind nunmehr sechs unserer leitenden Wissenschatlerinnen und Wis- senschatler gleichzeitig Professorinnen und Pro- fessoren an unserer Universität. Erfreulich war auch die Wertschätzung, die unser Programmbereichsleiter Niels de Jonge im letzten Jahr erhielt: Er wurde für seine Pionierarbeiten im Bereich der Elektronenmikroskopie gleich mit zwei hochrangigen internationalen Preisen ausge- zeichnet, dem MRS Innovation in Materials Cha- racteristic Award (mit Frances Ross und Chongmin Wang) und dem European Microscopy Award der European Microscopy Society. Nach 7 Jahren sehr erfolgreicher Arbeit am INM hat Ingrid Weiss den ehrenvollen Ruf auf eine W3-Pro- fessur für Biobasierte Materialien an die Universität Stutgart angenommen. 2017 ist für das INM das Jahr der Evaluierung durch die Leibniz-Gemeinschat. Wir hofen und rechnen damit, dass Sie, Freunde, Partner und Förderer des INM, geneigte Leserinnen und Leser, uns weiter auf unserem Weg begleiten werden. DEAR FRIENDS OF INM, 2016 was again a very successful year for INM. Starting from a high level, publications as well as the acquisition of external funds have further in- creased. And we are very proud that “the heads be- hind” keep gaining recognition for their work, as for example the following three: In December, Tobias Kraus, Head of the Program Division Structure Formation was appointed W3-Professor for Colloid and Interface Chemistry at Saarland University. With him, now six of our group leaders hold joint professorial appointments at our university. Another cause for joy was the appreciation that our Head of Program Division, Niels de Jonge, gained in the last year: For his pioneering contributions to the ield of Electron Microscopy, he received two distinguished international awards, the MRS Innovation in Materials Characteristic Award (with Frances Ross and Chongmin Wang) and the Euro- pean Microscopy Award of the European Micros- copy Society. Ater 7 years of very successful work at INM, Ingrid Weiss accepted the ofer of a W3-Professorship for Biobased Materials at the University of Stutgart. For the INM 2017 will be the year of the evalua- tion by the Leibniz Association. We hope and ex- pect that you, dear friends, partners, funders of the INM, and readers, will continue to accompany us on our path.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 7 DIE FORSCHUNGSFELDER DES INM Die Arbeiten des Instituts sind in drei Forschungs- felder und ein uerschnitsfeld gegliedert, die the- matisch nahestehende Programmbereiche und Ju- niorforschungsgruppen zusammenfassen: THE RESEARCH FIELDS OF INM he research in the institute is grouped in three re- search ields and cross-linking activities. hese re- search ields merge Program Divisions and Junior Research Groups with similar thematic orientation: Grenzlächenmaterialien: Das Forschungsfeld be- schätigt sich mit neuen Methoden der Oberlächen- und Grenzlächenstrukturierung und erforscht insbe- sondere physikalische Mechanismen an Oberlächen und Grenzlächen. Im Vordergrund stehen z. B. neue Materialien zur Energiespeicherung, steuerbare tri- bologische und adhäsive Phänomene und lexible Schichten für die Photovoltaik. Interface Materials: he research ield deals with new methods of surface and interface paterning and investigates especially physical mechanisms at surfaces and interfaces. It focusses for example on new materials for energy storage, switchable tribo- logic and adhesive phenomena and lexible coatings for photovoltaics. Biogrenzlächen: Dieses Forschungsfeld entwickelt Materialien und Oberlächen, die mit Zellen und Geweben wechselwirken und sich für Anwen- dungen im biomedizinischen Bereich eignen. Die hemen umfassen lichtgeregelte Biomaterialien und safe-by-design-Nanopartikel. Biologische Ant- worten auf Biomaterialien werden im Kontext rege- nerativer Medizin, ibrotischer Erkrankungen und Nanosicherheit untersucht. Nanokomposit-Technologie: Das Feld widmet sich nichtmetallisch-anorganischen Hybridmateria lien, vorwiegend in Form von Beschichtungen, und ih- ren funktionellen Eigenschaten. Schwerpunkte sind nasschemische Synthesemethoden und die Nutzung funktionalisierter Nanopartikel. Ein Fo- kus der Arbeiten liegt in der Nutzung der Konzepte für konkrete industrielle Anwendungen. uerschnitsfeld: Das uerschnitsfeld fasst über- greifende Forschungs- und Entwicklungsthemen zusammen, die die Arbeiten der Forschungsfelder methodisch ergänzen. Die Schwerpunkte umfassen hochmoderne, innovative Elektronenmikroskopie sowie die Verbindung der Wissens- und Technolo- giebasis des INM mit Industrieunternehmen. Bio Interfaces: his research ields developes mate- rials and surfaces that interact with cells and tis- sues and are conceived for application in the bio- medical ield. Speciic topics include optoregulated biomaterials and safe-by-design nanoparticles. Bio- logical responses to biomaterials are studied in the contexts of regenerative medicine, ibrotic diseases and nanotoxicity. Nanocomposite Technology: he research ield ad- dresses non-metallic-inorganic hybrid materials and their functional, especially optical, tribologi- cal, and protective properties. Key aspects are wet chemical synthesis methods and the use of func- tionalized nanoparticles. A strong focus is on the utilization of concepts for practical applications in industry. Cross Linking Activities: he area combines compre- hensive research and development activities, which methodically complement the competencies of the research areas. Major components are up-to-date innovative electron microscopy and the linking of INM’s scientiic and technological know-how with industry.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 9 DAS FORSCHUNGSFELD GRENZFLÄCHENMATERIALIEN Das Forschungsfeld Grenzlächenmaterialien be- fasst sich mit neuen Methoden der Oberlächen- und Grenzlächenstrukturierung und erforscht insbesondere physikalische Mechanismen an Ober- lächen und Grenzlächen. Im Vordergrund stehen neue Materialien zur Energiespeicherung, steuer- bare tribologische und adhäsive Phänomene und lexible Schichten für Elektronik und Photovoltaik. Das Forschungsfeld besteht zum 31.12.2016 aus vier Programmbereichen und einer Juniorforschungs- gruppe: THE RESEARCH FIELD INTERFACE MATERIALS he research ield Interface Materials deals with new methods of surface and interface paterning and in- vestigates especially physical mechanisms at sur- faces and interfaces. It focuses for example on new materials for energy storage, switchable tribologic and adhesive phenomena and lexible coatings for electronics and photovoltaics. he research ield Interface Materials consists of four Program Divisions and one Junior Research Group (as of December 31, 2016): Program Division Energy Materials, Programmbereich Energie-Materialien Head: Prof. Dr. Volker Presser Leitung: Prof. Dr. Volker Presser Programmbereich Funktionelle Mikrostrukturen Leitung: Prof. Dr. Eduard Arzt, Dr. René Hensel Programmbereich Nanotribologie Program Division Functional Microstructures, Head: Prof. Dr. Eduard Arzt, Dr. René Hensel Program Division Nanotribology, Head: Prof. Dr. Roland Bennewitz Leitung: Prof. Dr. Roland Bennewitz Junior Research Group Switchable Microluidics, Juniorforschungsgruppe Schaltbare Mikroluidik Head: Dr. Jiaxi Cui Leitung: Dr. Jiaxi Cui Program Division Structure Formation, Programmbereich Strukturbildung Head: Prof. Dr. Tobias Kraus Leitung: Prof. Dr. Tobias Kraus Mehr Informationen über das Forschungsfeld Grenzlächen- materialien inden Sie hier. More informations about the research ield Interface Materials.

10 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // GRENZFLÄCHENMATERIALIEN / INTERFACE MATERIALS ENERGIE-MATERIALIEN / ENERGY MATERIALS PROF. DR. VOLKER PRESSER ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Programmbereich Energie-Materialien entwickelt funktio- nale Nanomaterialien und erforscht elektroaktive Grenzlächen für elektrochemische Anwendungen zur Energiespeicherung und Wasseraufbereitung. Unsere Forschung umfasst hoch- poröse Kohlenstoffe und Nanokohlenstoffe (z. B. Kohlenstoff- nanozwiebeln), die durch Einbringung von nanoskaligem Me- talloxid in Nanohybridmaterialien überführt werden können. Wir untersuchen zudem Faraday’sche Materialien wie MXen, eine neue Familie von 2D Übergangsmetallkarbiden. Jenseits unserer Materialforschung erforschen wir redox-aktive Elekt- rolyte zur Entwicklung schneller Batterien mit hoher Speicher- kapazität. Besondere Bedeutung nimmt die Charakterisierung elektrochemischer Phänomene ein, die mit in-situ Methoden detailliert untersucht werden. Unsere Aktivitäten reichen von Materialsynthese und Grundlagenforschung bis hin zu Metho- denentwicklung, Zelldesign und Industriekollaborationen zur angewandten Energieforschung. PROF. DR. VOLKER PRESSER received his doctorate in Applied Mineralogy at the University of Tübingen in 2009, and worked formerly as Research Assistant Pro- fessor at Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA. He is Professor for Energy Mate- rials at Saarland University. MISSION Research at the Program Division Energy Materials is focused on the synthesis, characterization, and application of electroactive interfaces and func- tional nanomaterials. Our activities focus on elec- trochemical energy storage (supercapacitors, re- dox electrolytes, bateries) and water treatment using capacitive deionization. Carbon materi- als and nanohybrids are the most important elec- trode materials, and we utilize non-porous carbon nanoparticles (carbon onions, carbon black) and nanoporous carbon materials (activated carbons, carbide-derived carbon, polymer-derived carbon, carbon nanoibers) to obtain electrodes for electro- chemical applications. Hybridization of carbon is accomplished by implementation of nanosized met- al oxides, and we also investigate Faradaic materi- als, such as MXene. Redox electrolytes capitalize on the rapid charge transfer when nanoconined; utilized as nanoreactors, nanoporous carbons com- bined with redox electrolytes enable the unique combination of batery-like energy storage while maintaining supercapacitor-like charge/discharge rates. We focus on a comprehensive array of materi- als characterization techniques and in-situ methods to gain novel insights into electrochemical process- es. Our contributions extend from basic research, materials synthesis, and the reinement of testing procedures to industrial collaboration and technol- ogy development. CURRENT RESEARCH Carbon/metal oxide nanohybrids derived from metal carbides for lithium ion batteries Many metal oxides have a high energy storage ca- pacity, but sufer from a limited electrical conduc-

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 11 tivity. he nanoscopic implementation hybridiza- tion of carbon and metal oxides allows combining a facile network for electron transport with a large amount of electrochemically active material via lithium intercalation. Using a novel two-step syn- thesis approach, we also developed, in collaboration with Prof. Etzold (TU Darmstadt, Germany), a novel core/shell material with vanadia cores engulfed by a carbide-derived carbon shell. his coniguration allows for easy electron transport across particles and still provides a large ion storage capacity due to the metal oxide core. Redox electrolytes for high performance energy storage Aqueous electrolytes are particularly atractive for energy storage devices per the fast mobility of dis- solved ions and non-lammability. he use of re- ploying nanoporous carbon electrodes. As the irst study in the ield, our team was able to demonstrate that MXene could serve as an alternative electrode material. Our joint work with Prof. Suss (Technion, Israel) demonstrated a promising salt removal ca- pacity purely by ion intercalation instead of ion electrosorption. Faradaic deionization (FDI) will open a new ield for the application of many bat- tery materials for water desalination. OUTLOOK Our team will continue to broaden the utilization of interfacial electrochemistry and hybrid carbon nanomaterials. We will further explore electroac- tive interfaces and Faradaic materials for advanced electrochemical desalination. he later critically requires thorough understanding of the structural changes during charging/discharging and the se- Niobia / carbon nanoibers for high capacity energy storage in lithium ion batteries. lectivity of Faradaic materials towards ionic spe- cies. We will also continue our collaborative work to understand ion electrosorption within carbon nanopores by complementing experimental in situ data with simulation, creating a model toolbox. An- other focus will be on enhancing our collaboration with industry for the development of high capacity energy storage devices, with a strong focus on car- bon/metal oxide nanohybrid materials. dox-active aqueous electrolytes, such as potassi- um ferricyanide or vanadyl/tin sulphate solutions, enables the continued use of activated carbon, but severely enhances the energy storage capacity to batery-like levels. As a unique feature in nanocon- inement, the synergy of redox-activity of solved ions in aqueous media and fast Faradaic charge transfer inside carbon nanopores enables combi- nation of high power ratings and high energy stor- age capacity. Faradaic materials for water treatment Capacitive deionization is an emerging technology for energy eicient water desalination, usually em-

12 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // GRENZFLÄCHENMATERIALIEN / INTERFACE MATERIALS FUNKTIONELLE MIKROSTRUKTUREN / FUNCTIONAL MICROSTRUCTURES PROF. DR. EDUARD ARZT, DR. RENÉ HENSEL ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Programmbereich befasst sich mit der experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchung mikrostrukturierter Oberlä- chen, die spezielle mechanische, optische, thermische und haptische Funktionalitäten aufweisen. Vorbild für Gestalt und Funktionen der Strukturen sind Konzepte aus der belebten Na- tur, die auf künstliche Systeme übertragen werden. Der Fo- kus der laufenden Arbeiten liegt auf ibrillären, bioinspirierten Haftsystemen für die temporäre Adhäsion auf rauen, weichen und hautähnlichen Substraten sowie anwendungsrelevanten Fragestellungen. Ein Schwerpunkt ist die numerische Model- lierung der Spannungsverteilungen in der Kontaktläche und die darauf aufbauende Optimierung des Haftverhaltens. In Ko- operation mit Industriepartnern und Klinikern werden derzeit technische Gecomer-Greifsysteme entwickelt und Anwendun- gen im Bereich medizinischer Oberlächen erschlossen. Das Thema wird von der DFG (Nachwuchsakademie), der EU (ERC Advanced Grant und ITN Trainee Network) und einem Projekt der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft gefördert. MISSION he Program Division Functional Microstructures conducts research on the fabrication and character- ization of functional micro- and nanopaterned sur- faces. By combining suitable morphology and ma- terials, surface features are designed that enhance various functionalities such as mechanical, optical, thermal or haptic characteristics. Inspired by the adhesive performance of natural systems, the group mimics such mechanisms to control the adhesion of synthetic surfaces (ig. 1). Presently, our scope lies on the exploration of the mechanisms of con- tact between adhesive ibrillar structures and sot, compliant surfaces with inite roughness, such as skin. Numerical modeling of the stress distributions in the contact interface is performed to optimize the adhesion. In cooperation with industrial partners and clinicians, we currently transfer our Gecomer Technology into industrial applications and explore its potential for biomedical surfaces. Our research is funded by an ERC Advanced Grant, the German Research Foundation (DFG Nachwuchsakademie), an EU ITN Trainee Network, and a Leibniz trans- fer project. PROF. DR. EDUARD ARZT (HEAD) is scientiic director and CEO of INM and professor for new materials at Saarland University. Ater his PhD at the University of Vienna, he performed research, amongst others, at Cambridge University, Stanford University and MIT and was director at the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Stutgart. DR. RENÉ HENSEL (DEPUTY HEAD) studied materials science at Technische Universität Dresden. He completed his doctorate at the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF) and the Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC). Since 2014, he has been dep- uty head of the Program Division Functional Microstructures.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 13 INM’s Gecobot for demonstration of novel pick & place processes using bioinspired adhesion devices. CURRENT RESEARCH Adhesion to rough surfaces – why ibril dimensions matter Surface roughness commonly limits the adhesion performance due to a reduced contact area. In an experimental study, micropaterned adhesives ad- hering to glass substrates with various roughness- es were designed and systematically analyzed. Our results revealed, for the irst time, adhesive and non-adhesive states depending on the micropillar dimensions relative to the surface roughness proile. he data demonstrate that, in the adhesive regime, ibrillar gecko-inspired adhesive structures can be used with advantage on rough surfaces. his ind- ing may open up new applications where roughness currently limits the adhesive performance. Theoretical contact mechanics – the key to rational optimization Analyzing the performance of micropaterned ad- hesives requires an understanding of the relevant mechanics involved. In cooperation with a team of international experts (R. M. McMeeking, UC San- ta Barbara; N. Fleck, University of Cambridge; A. Kossa, Budapest UTE; M. Bacca, University of Brit- ish Columbia), we theoretically explore the ad- hesion of ibrils to dissimilar substrates and nov- el designs such as composite ibrils (see Highlight Article). Adding sot terminal layers to stifer stalks was found to reduce the magnitude of edge stress singularities, which can explain the improved ad- hesion in our experiments. Further topics are the numerical design of optimized ibrils for applica- tions, detailed studies on conined adhesive layers, and the understanding of the detachment statistics. Technology transfer – Gecomer Technology on the rise INM’s Gecomer Technology has now been validat- ed for numerous pick & place scenarios from micro to macro objects and in non-ideal conditions. R&D projects and new patents rapidly drive our progress and aimed at speciic applications relevant to indus- try partners. In-house activities on up-scaling fabri- cation via roll-to-roll micropaterning reinforce our eforts related to application and commercialization of bioinspired adhesion devices (collaboration with the InnovationCenter INM). OUTLOOK Scientiically, micropaterned surfaces will play a central role in INM’s research portfolio. Among the fundamental aspects to be explored are the kinet- ics and statistics of detachment events of ibrillar arrays, contact mechanics in the presence of edge and misalignment efects, and the mechanics of in- teraction with ultra-sot substrates. In collaboration with the Junior Research Group Switchable Micro- luidics, new approaches for switchable adhesives will be investigated. In cooperation with Saarland University Hospital (Prof. Schick, Homburg), bio- medical prototypes will enter the stage of in-vivo testing. New functions such as electrical interfac- ing and haptics will be explored in future collabo- rations (e.g. with Nanotribology). Micromechanical modeling of adhesion performance will remain an important baseline to rationally optimize adhesion, e.g. for intelligent gripping devices with adjustable touch. he potential applications range from med- ical devices to space robotics.

14 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // GRENZFLÄCHENMATERIALIEN / INTERFACE MATERIALS NANOTRIBOLOGIE / NANOTRIBOLOGY PROF. DR. ROLAND BENNEWITZ ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Programmbereich Nanotribologie forscht an der Entwick- lung neuer Materialien mit besonderen adhäsiven und tri- bologischen Eigenschaften. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die Funktionalisierung von Oberlächen und das Verständnis der mikroskopischen Mechanismen von Reibung und Verschleiß. Unsere experimentellen Projekte basieren auf unserer Exper- tise in der hochaulösenden Rasterkraftmikroskopie, die wir auch im Ultrahochvakuum und in Flüssigkeiten sowie unter elektrochemischer Kontrolle betreiben. Auf verschiedenen Längenskalen wurden synergistische Effekte von Füllern in Be- schichtungen des Programmbereichs Nanomere untersucht. Zu den wichtigsten Ergebnissen des Jahres 2016 gehören die Ent- wicklung einer neuen Methode für rheologische Messungen an extrem dünnen Schmiermittellagen sowie eine Untersuchung der Bildung von polymeren Triboilmen in der Umgebung von Rauheitsspitzen auf Stahloberlächen. PROF. DR. ROLAND BENNEWITZ is Honorary Professor of Experimental Physics at Saarland University. He obtained his Dr. rer. nat. in physics from the Freie Uni- versität Berlin, did postdoc- toral studies at the Univer- sity of Basel, and held the Canada Research Chair in Experimental Nanome- chanics at McGill Univer- sity in Montreal. MISSION he Program Division Nanotribology explores new materials with speciic mechanical surface proper- ties. We focus on surface functionalization and on understanding the microscopic mechanisms in fric- tion, wear, and lubrication. Our experimental proj- ects rely on our expertise in the ield of high-reso- lution force microscopy under ultra-high vacuum conditions or in liquids where the surfaces can be electrochemically controlled. Furthermore, we de- velop new experimental methods in the ield of nanorheology and multi-scale mechanical testing. Our methods, results, and know-how on fundamen- tal nanotribology led to fruitful collaborations, in particular within the INM and with Saarland Uni- versity. Examples are joint projects with the Pro- gram Division Nanomers on synergistic efects of particulate illers in tribological polyimide coat- ings and with the Chair of Organic Macromolecular Chemistry of Saarland University on the control of friction and adhesion by shape-resistant polymers. CURRENT RESEARCH he following examples describe research results which resulted in manuscripts for publication in international research journals: Contrast in nanoscale friction between rotational domains of graphene on Pt(111) he nanoscale lubrication properties of graphene depend on chemical functionalization, adsorbants, and bonding to the substrate. he dependence of friction on the rotational orientation of graphene on a Pt(111) surface was studied by high-resolution friction force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum and interpreted through complementary simulations.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 15 Lateral forces reveal an atomic-scale stick-slip mo- tion with the periodicity of the graphene structure. Additionally, the lateral forces were modulated by a Moire patern, which depends on the rotation of the respective domain. Domains with preferred orien- tations exhibited lower average friction than those with orientations less frequently observed. Tribological synergy of iller components in multifunctional polyimide coatings Platelets as illers in polymer coatings contribute to their corrosion resistance by increasing the difusion path of gases. We demonstrated that the same plate- lets can improve tribological properties and, thus, open a new way to design multifunctional poly- mer coatings. Improved corrosion resistance, low friction, and low wear were reported for polyimide composite coatings illed with a combination of bo- ron nitride, pigment platelets, perluoropolyether, and Si3N4 particles. Contributions of diferent ill- ers to the tribological performance are explored for coatings with diferent illing protocols. he synergy of four components leads to the excellent tribolog- ical performance of the fully formulated coatings, while they cannot impart signiicant improvement in friction and wear when used separately. Dynamic shear force microscopy of viscosity in nanometer-conined hexadecane layers Hexadecane exhibits pronounced molecular layer- ing upon coninement to gaps of a few nanometer width which is discussed for its role in boundary lubrication. We have probed the mechanical proper- ties of the conined layers with the help of an atom- ic force microscope, by quasi-static normal force measurements and by analyzing the lateral tip mo- tion of a magnetically actuated torsional cantilever oscillation. he molecular layering is modeled by an oscillatory force curve and the tip approach is simulated assuming thermal equilibrium correla- tions in the liquid. he shear response of the con- ined layers reveals gradually increasing stifness and viscous dissipation for a decreasing number of conined layers. OUTLOOK We will continue to investigate the mechanisms which link the structure and the dynamics of sur- faces to friction and wear in new materials. Our current funded projects include studies of friction and contact ageing on clean metals, and of the role of surface structure and chemistry for friction and wear in metallic glasses. A project with Kaiserslaut- ern University relates the scratch mechanisms in polymers across length scales to their macroscopic tribological responses. We aim to apply the results of our research in projects with industrial partners on molecular mechanisms in additive lubrication. Finally, our group now develops the experimental expertise to investigate the mechanical properties of biophysical hydrogels at the molecular scale. 500.0 nm On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of Leibniz’ death in 2016, we discovered a rather small Leibniz by scanning electron microscopy. The wig of this nano-scale sculpture was formed by the transfer of gold to the tip of an atomic force microscope in repeated cycles of a friction experiment.

16 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // GRENZFLÄCHENMATERIALIEN / INTERFACE MATERIALS STRUKTURBILDUNG / STRUCTURE FORMATION PROF. DR. TOBIAS KRAUS ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Programmbereich Strukturbildung erforscht die Anord- nung von kolloidalen Partikeln und Polymeren und wendet sie zur Herstellung neuer Materialien aus lüssigen Vorstufen an. Partikel und Polymere werden miteinander kombiniert, um Komposit- und Hybridmaterialien mit deinierten Strukturen herzustellen. Wir beobachten die Bildung von Mikrostruktur und inneren Grenzlächen während der Materialsynthese aus lüssigen Vorstufen und untersuchen, wie sich die Struktur auf die Eigenschaften auswirkt, indem wir systematisch Größe, Geometrie, Zusammensetzung und Anordnung der Komponen- ten variieren. So entstehen zum Beispiel transparent leitfähige Schichten aus ultradünnen Metalldrähten, Suprapartikel als Kombinationen optisch aktiver und supraparamagnetischer Nanopartikel und hybride Nanopartikel, die sich in Umweltpro- ben eindeutig wiederinden lassen. Für Materialien der Zukunft suchen wir nach Partikeln, die sich gezielt bewegen lassen, um die Materialeigenschaften verändern zu können. PROF. DR. TOBIAS KRAUS is a chemical engineer trained at TU Munich, MIT, and the University of Neu- chatel. He obtained his Dr. rer. nat. in materials sci- ence from ETH Zurich and the IBM Research Labora- tory. Kraus is Deputy Head of the InnovationCenter INM and Professor for Colloid and Interface Chemistry at Saarland University. MISSION he Program Division Structure Formation investi- gates the assembly of colloidal particles and poly- mers and applies this process for the preparation of new material from liquid precursors. Particles and polymers are combined to create composite and hybrid materials with deined structures. We observe how microstructure and internal interfac- es form during material synthesis. We investigate how structure afects properties by systematically varying size, geometry, composition and arrange- ment of the components. his leads, for example, to transparent conductive coatings from ultrathin metal wires, to supraparticles as combinations of optically active and superparamagnetic nanopar- ticles, and to hybrid nanoparticles that can be un- ambiguously detected in environmental samples. For future materials, we seek particles that can be moved to change material properties. CURRENT RESEARCH Self-organizing and hybrid inks for electronics here are two great challenges in printing electron- ic structures from liquid inks: the printed struc- tures have to percolate (they have to be connect- ed throughout), and there should be no insulating layers between the conductive components ater drying. We address both issues in the BMBF proj- ect NanoSpekt and introduced two new concepts to solve them: Self-organizing inks contain metal nanowires that spontaneously form percolating bundles during drying; thus, continuous conductive pathways form at small scales without the need for local intervention. Hybrid inks contain a hard met- al nanostructure inside a sot conductive polymer

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 17 100 nm Supraparticles consisting of various gold nanoparticles formed in oil-in-water emulsions with different surfactants. The structure is controlled by the surfactant choice through Laplace pressure. understand how the process parameters – in partic- ular the choice of surfactant – inluenced the struc- ture of the supraparticles. It is now possible to tune the geometry of the resulting objects between su- percrystal, Janus, and core-shell particles. OUTLOOK he Program Division will continue to exploit col- loidal mechanisms for the creation of new materi- als. his strategy has been very successfully applied to create new inks for printed electronics. We are currently employing the new principles to create solutions for speciic technical challenges and bring them to industry. his application-oriented work has led to new fundamental questions, for example, on the stability of metal particles with dense alkyl ligands shells in organic solvents. Basic research is under way to beter understand their stability, and a collaboration with Prof. Paul Mulvaney in Mel- bourne will help to extend it to semiconductor parti- cles. he INM Fellowship of Prof. Voelcker will allow us to intensify collaboration towards particle-based drug delivery and porous sensor materials. shell. hey form conductive ilms immediately ater drying without the conventional sintering step be- cause the sot polymer bridges the non-conductive gaps between the metal. Both concepts were fully established in 2016; the resulting inks and printing processes are currently adapted to diferent user cases and scaled up for commercial evaluation. We closely collaborate with the Program Division Op- tical Materials on this topic. Porous and hybrid silicon structures Particle-based porous ilms are promising materi- als for future application as sensors and biomate- rials. We collaborate with the group of Prof. Nico- las Voelcker at the Future Industries Institute and the University of South Australia in Adelaide, an expert on the synthesis of porous silicon and its functionalization for biomedical purposes. We have developed methods to structure silicon and metal surfaces using particles that we tested as cell sub- strates and sensors in collaboration. he collabora- tion was highly successful, and we are delighted to have Prof. Voelcker as an INM Fellow starting in January 2017. Binary supraparticles he group has worked on the control and assembly of spherical nanoparticles inside the oil droplets of oil-in-water emulsions for several years. In 2016, we managed to arrange mixtures of two diferent nanoparticle types inside the same droplet and to observe the structure of the resulting binary parti- cles (Figure). Prof. Tanja Schilling of the University of Luxembourg collaborated with us to predict the structure of the superstructures and helped us to

18 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // GRENZFLÄCHENMATERIALIEN / INTERFACE MATERIALS SCHALTBARE MIKROFLUIDIK / SWITCHABLE MICROFLUIDICS DR. JIAXI CUI ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Juniorforschungsgruppe Schaltbare Mikroluidik wurde 2015 gegründet. Sie wird durch das Projekt „Bio/Synthetische Mul- tifunktionale Mikro-Produktionseinheiten“ im Rahmen eines Leibniz Research Clusters (LRC) gefördert. Das Ziel der Gruppe besteht in der Entwicklung schaltbarer strukturierter Oberlä- chen zur Anwendung in Gebieten wie Biosynthese, Biomedizin, Anwuchsverhinderung, Bildgebung und Adhäsion. Es werden dynamische weiche Materialien entwickelt und hergestellt, die ihre Eigenschaften wie Volumen, Form, Benetzbarkeit, optische Eigenschaften, Adhäsion und weitere unter externen Stimuli verändern können. Aus diesen Materialien werden Komponen- ten hergestellt, die die gezielte Manipulation von Flüssigkeiten erlauben. Dazu werden diverse Ansätze wie z. B. Polymerisati- on, Selbstorganisation, molekulare Wiedererkennung oder Mi- schung genutzt. Daneben entwickeln wir neue Technologien zur Mikrofabrikation dynamischer weicher Materialien. DR. JIAXI CUI received a Dr. phil. in chem- istry from Peking Univer- sity in 2008. Postdoctoral stays led him to the Max Planck Institute for Poly- mer Research in Mainz and Harvard University. Since 2015, he is the head of Junior Research Group Switchable Microluidics. MISSION he Junior Research Group Switchable Microluid- ics aims to develop switchable structural surfaces for applications in biosynthesis, biomedicine, ad- hesion, and other areas. For this, we design and synthesize dynamic sot materials that can change their properties such as volume, shape, wetabili- ty, adhesion, etc., under external stimuli. We apply approaches such as self-assembly, molecular recog- nition, site-speciic polymerization or blending, to fabricate these compounds into components which allow the manipulation of luids. We also develop new technologies for the microfabrication of dy- namic sot materials. CURRENT RESEARCH Switchable microreactor platform We develop switchable meso-structural surfaces as micro-reactor platforms that permit simultaneous and unprecedented levels of control over reaction pathways. he project is inspired by the compart- mentalized synthetic strategy in living cells: chem- ical reactions initiated under deined conditions, conclude with a desired product that is automati- cally transferred in a programmable and precisely controlled mode to the next reaction compartment. To mimic this, we designed a complex structure consisting of meso-structural surfaces with geo- metrically arranged hollow pillars and a sot ac- tuating system to switch the channels. In 2016, we have developed this structure and a magnet-re- sponsive elastomer. We also prepared hollow pillar structures with magnetic materials which allow the manipulation of liquid droplets while responsive- ness leads to a bending of pillars for liquid mixing

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 19 under magnetic ield and ofers an opportunity to control dry-adhesion. We are cooperating with the Program Division Functional Microstructures to de- velop switchable adhesion layers. Patterning droplets in elastomers Localized inclusions of liquids provide solid mate- rials with functions, such as self-healing, secretion, and tunable mechanical properties. We prepared elastomer materials with liquid inclusions and de- veloped a facile approach to selectively localize liq- uid droplets in a supramolecular gel/elastomer by brushes. We developed a novel approach to con- troll growth and detachment of polymer brushes by lights with various wavelengths. he approach is based on a nitrodopamine-based initiator (NO2- BDAM) which contains a catechol structure for sur- face modiication, an alkyl bromide group for atom transfer radical polymerization, and an o-nitrophe- nyl ethyl moiety for photolysis. Dimanganese de- cacarbonyl is applied together with NO2-BDAM as an initiating system which allows the growth of polymer brushes by visible light (460 nm) and the detachment of the polymer chains by UV light Droplet formation on a magnetic responsive meso-surface. (360 nm). his method is suitable for diverse mono- mers on many substrates, providing a facile and ro- bust pathway to regulate surface properties. OUTLOOK We will combine responsive materials and nano- technologies to develop processes for switchable mesostructured surfaces. We will transfer the con- cept of dynamic bonds to macroscopic levels and develop new sot materials that can tune their com- position, properties or shape on demand. We will apply these materials to develop high-performance hydrogels and lexible and self-healing wearable device and combine reversible chemistry and 3D printing to develop programmable liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) for microactuators. evaporative lithography. his method is suitable for current coating techniques. We selectively em- bedded silicone lubricant droplets in silicone-based elastomers. he droplet-embedded domains result in slippery surfaces that can be used for the control of the directional movement of water droplets. We are cooperating with the Program Division Nanotri- bology on the investigation of the pressure-induced increase in the coeicient of friction. Photoregulated polymer brushes he modiication of surfaces by polymer brushes is efective to tailor physical and chemical inter- face properties. Controlled/living radical polymer- izations are oten applied by surface-initiated ap- proaches triggered by temperature, light, and other stimuli. Light-induced surface polymerization takes particular advantages of spatial and temporal con- trol, room temperature operation, and others. In addition to the growth of polymer brushes, light can also post-mediate the properties of polymer

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 21 DAS FORSCHUNGSFELD BIOGRENZFLÄCHEN Dieses Forschungsfeld entwickelt Materialien und Oberlächen, die mit Zellen und Geweben wechsel wirken und sich für Anwendungen im biomedizinischen Bereich eignen. Die hemen umfassen lichtgeregelte Biomaterialien und safe- by-design-Nanopartikel. Biologische Antworten auf Biomaterialien werden im Kontext regenerati- ver Medi zin, ibrotischer Erkrankungen und Nano- sicherheit untersucht. Im Sommer 2016 wurde der Programmbereich Bio- mineralisation nach Weggang der Leiterin aufge- löst. Das Forschungsfeld besteht zum 31.12.2016 aus zwei Programmbereichen: THE RESEARCH FIELD BIO INTERFACES his research ields developes materials and surfac- es that interact with cells and tissues and are con- ceived for application in the biomedical ield. Spe- ciic topics include optoregulated biomaterials and safe-by-design nanoparticles. Biological responses to biomaterials are studied in the contexts of regen- erative medicine, ibrotic diseases and nanotoxicity. In summer 2016, the Program Division Biominer- alization was terminated ater the leaving of the head of the group. he research ield Bio Interfaces consists of two Program Divisions (as of Decem- ber 31, 2016): Programmbereich Dynamische Biomaterialien Head: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Leitung: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Program Division Nano Cell Interactions Programmbereich Nano Zell Interaktionen Head: Dr. Annete Kraegeloh Program Division Dynamic Biomaterials Leitung: Dr. Annete Kraegeloh Mehr Informationen über das Forschungsfeld Biogrenz- lächen inden Sie hier. More informations about the research ield Bio Interfaces.

22 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // BIOGRENZFLÄCHEN / BIO INTERFACES DYNAMISCHE BIOMATERIALIEN / DYNAMIC BIOMATERIALS PROF. DR. ARÁNZAZU DEL CAMPO ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Programmbereich Dynamische Biomaterialien entwickelt zellinstruktive Materialien, die mit Zellen kommunizieren und deren Verhalten steuern. Wir nutzen Licht, um die Eigenschaf- ten von Biomaterialien zu modulieren und eingebetteten Zel- len speziische Signale mit räumlich-zeitlicher Aulösung zu senden. Unsere Materialien werden genutzt, um die Antwort der Zelle auf Wechsel in der Zusammensetzung und den bio- physikalischen Eigenschaften von künstlichen, extrazellulären Matrizen zu untersuchen. Dabei werden Prozesse nachgeahmt, die in pathologischen Zuständen, wie zum Beispiel bei Krebs, Verletzungen, der Morphogenese oder beim Altern auftreten können. Ein langfristiges Ziel der Gruppe besteht in der Über- tragung bestimmter Zellantworten auf Materialeigenschaften in konzeptionell diverse Strategien für die klinische Diagnostik und Therapeutik. Dynamische Biomaterialien können als fort- geschrittene Gerüste für prädiktive Gewebemodelle, efiziente- re instruktive Matrizen für die Gewebetechnik und als Träger höherer Verplanzungsverhältnisse bei der Zelltherapie vorge- stellt werden. PROF. DR. ARÁNZAZU DEL CAMPO is Scientiic Director at INM and Professor for Materials Synthesis at Saarland Uni- versity. Ater her doctorate in chemistry at the Instituto de Polímeros, Madrid, she performed research at the Universitá di Urbino, and Max Planck Institutes for Polymer Research in Mainz and for Metals Research in Stutgart. MISSION he Program Division Dynamic Biomaterials devel- ops instructive materials able to communicate with cells and guide their fate. We use light to modulate biomaterials properties and to provide speciic sig- nals to embedded cells on demand and with spa- tiotemporal resolution. Our materials are applied to investigate cellular responses to compositional and biophysical changes in artiicial ECMs, mim- icking processes occurring in ibrotic pathologies (such as cancer), injury, morphogenesis or ageing. A long-term goal of the group is the translation of distinct cell responses to material properties into conceptually diferent strategies for clinical diag- nostics and therapeutics. Dynamic biomaterials are envisioned as advanced scafolds for more predic- tive tissue models, as more eicient instructive ma- trices for tissue engineering and carriers for higher engratment ratios in cell therapies. CURRENT RESEARCH In 2016, Dynamic Biomaterials became a function- al multidisciplinary group, establishing the expe- rimental infrastructure and personnel required for carrying out new research lines at the institute. In the following, a few highlights are described: Ligand-speciic mechanotransductive pro- cesses involved in tumor development he optoregulation of integrin-mediated commu- nication between cells and materials is a central topic in the division (Biomaterials 2016). With this topic, Dynamic Biomaterials takes a central role in the EU-FET Project “Mechanocontrol of Biological Function”, with a focus on the role of integrin-bio- materials interactions (mechanotransduction) in tu-

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 23 mours within the context of breast cancer. In coop- eration with the Program Division Nanotribology, the mechanical properties of biomaterials as they are sensed by the cells (at the nanoscale and dynam- ically) are investigated. New chemistries at physiological conditions Hydrogels for 3D cultures or medical scafolds re- quire biocompatible efective chemistries for in-si- tu crosslinking and biofunctionalization. he group University in cell-free biosynthesis methods have been initiated and will be strengthened. he under- standing of dynamic and multifactorial interactions between cells and biomaterials in physiological sce- narios will be expanded to in vivo scenarios. For this purpose, we will strategically strengthen our collaboration with the Institute for Clinical Experi- mental Surgery in Homburg. he combination of op- toregulated cellular microenvironments and mouse window-models to visualize cellular responses to Light-guided endothelial sprouting on dynamic biomaterials. materials signals in-situ and in vivo is unique and will provide new insights into how biomaterials de- sign afects regeneration at various time points of the healing process. We will implement optogenetic concepts to inter- fere with the cells machinery to secrete and assem- ble the extracellular matrix. Forces applied by the cytoskeleton are crucial in this process, and will be treated in close cooperation with INM’s new ju- nior research group Cytoskeletal Fibers. On a lon- ger term, this research will deliver tools and path- ways to program cells to generate functional tissue in vitro, breaking the classical border between syn- thetic and biosynthetic approaches in biomaterials science. has developed new chemistries for selective reac- tions with thiol-derivatized molecules (Angew Chem 2016, Biomacromolecules 2017) and for efec- tive gluing to natural tissues. Projects funded by the cosmetic industry on this topic have started in 2016. Immunology and cell-cell interactions he group became an active partner of the Col- laborative Research Center Physical modeling of non-equilibrium processes in biological systems (SFB 1027) at Saarland University with a funded project to develop instructive hydrogels to investigate the role of physical forces in cell-cell contact at the im- munological synapse. OUTLOOK he development of optoregulated cellular micro- environments remains a major topic in the group. In 2017 we will expand our synthetic competences to biochemical methods and also exploit optoge- netic tools to regulate material properties and cell- materials interactions. Cooperation with Saarland

24 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // BIOGRENZFLÄCHEN / BIO INTERFACES NANO ZELL INTERAKTIONEN / NANO CELL INTERACTIONS DR. ANNETTE KRAEGELOH ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Programmbereich Nano Zell Interaktionen beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen technisch hergestellter Nanoobjekte auf menschliche Zellen, um zu einer sicheren Anwendung von Na- nomaterialien in technischen und biomedizinischen Bereichen beizutragen. Ziel ist es zu verstehen, wie bestimmte Partikel- eigenschaften Struktur und Biochemie der Zellen beeinlussen, und aufzuklären, welche Mechanismen die Aufnahme und Lokalisation von Nanoobjekten vermitteln. Als Untersuchungs- objekt werden Nanopartikel aus anorganischen Materialien gezielt hergestellt und charakterisiert. Zur Lokalisation von Partikeln und Zellstrukturen werden vor allem lichtmikrosko- pische Techniken eingesetzt. Eine Besonderheit der Gruppe ist die Nutzung hoch-aulösender Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED)-Mikroskopie für diesen Zweck. Zur weiteren Analyse der Zellantwort werden darüber hinaus chemische, biochemische und molekularbiologische Techniken eingesetzt. DR. ANNETTE KRAEGELOH received her doctorate in biology at the Universi- ty of Bonn in 2004 and then joined INM. She is coordinator of the Leib- niz Research Alliance for Nanosafety and current- ly pursues her habilitation in cellular biochemistry at Saarland University. MISSION he Program Division Nano Cell Interactions ex- plores the efects of engineered nanoobjects on hu- man cells to enable safe applications of nanomate- rials in technical and biomedical ields. It strives to understand how particle properties inluence struc- ture and biochemistry of the cells and to elucidate mechanisms that afect the uptake or location of nanoobjects with the purpose to pave the way for the design of safer nanomaterials. For this reason, well-deined inorganic nanoparticles are prepared and characterized using techniques as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy. Further chemical, biochemical, and molecular biological techniques are used for the analysis of the cellu- lar responses. CURRENT RESEARCH Morpheus – a test platform for the safety of nanomaterials he ZIM (Central Innovation program for SMEs) project “Morpheus” aims at developing a multi- parametric test platform for an early hazard as- sessment of nanoparticles. his platform is based on 3D liver microtissue and combines the quanti- ication of metabolic with functional markers. Ac- tivity and expression of cytochromes P450 in re- sponse to nanoparticle exposure are investigated. Furthermore, the penetration of nanoparticles into microtissues is analyzed via light and electron mi- croscopy (in cooperation with service group Physi- cal Analytics). he results indicate that ater pre-for- mation of the microtissues, the nanoparticles only enter the outer layers of the tissues. In contrast, when added during the process of tissue formation, nanoparticles are found all over the tissues. SiO2

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 25 10 µm Colocalization (white) of nanoparticles (cyan) and ligands of a speciic growth factor receptor (magenta). nanoparticles do not seem to inluence the forma- tion and morphology of the tissues. Other types of nanoparticles will be investigated in future. Nanoparticle effects on signaling pathways In the frame of a cooperation with the Leibniz Re- search Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), ef- fects of nanoparticles on signaling pathways are in- vestigated. Colloidal SiO2 nanoparticles have been shown to modulate early signaling events, thereby afecting cellular responses. Mechanistic analyses have been conducted to elucidate the responsible molecular efects. It was shown by pharmacologi- cal inhibition that the nanoparticles are internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. he same uptake pathway is used for internalization of growth factor receptors ater activation by their ligands. Micros- copy revealed the intracellular location of ligands of speciic growth factor receptors and nanoparti- cles. he results depict that nanoparticles are able to induce speciic cell responses, dependent on their physicochemical properties. Further analyses will show, whether these responses are cell-type speciic. Safe nanomaterials developments In the frame of the Horizon 2020 project NanoReg2, the group is involved in safe-by-design approach- es in the context of regulatory aspects. It has de- veloped the concept of the nanomaterials identity in order to systematically describe nanomaterials properties relevant for their functionality and their safety. he concept can be implemented into ex- isting physicochemical data collections to obtain a systematic categorization of various nanomaterials, but also used to establish a systematic linkage be- tween nanospeciic properties and functionality of nanomaterials on one side and safety aspects on the other. Results of these analyses will help to identify potential safe-by-design applications to be imple- mented during early stages of nanomaterial devel- opment. he safe-by-design concept aims to reduce risks of nanomaterials on human and environmen- tal safety and health. In this project, a cooperation with the Innovation Center INM was established. OUTLOOK Within the Leibniz-Research Alliance for Nanosafety coordinated by INM, the group will be involved in studies of the mechanisms of nanomaterials toxic- ity, reception of nanosafety, development of novel test platforms as well as safe-by-design approaches. Furthermore, the group will organize the interna- tional conference on Nanosafety to be held in Oc- tober 2017 in Saarbrücken. An objective of the future work is to translate the research results into the development of safe nano- materials, future regulatory processes of nanomate- rials as well as to facilitate biomedical applications of nanomaterials.

28 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // NANOKOMPOSIT-TECHNOLOGIE / NANOCOMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY NANOMERE / NANOMERS DR.-ING. CARSTEN BECKER-WILLINGER ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Programmbereich Nanomere entwickelt multifunktionelle Schutzbeschichtungen und Kompaktwerkstoffe auf Basis von Kompositen mit organischen und hybriden organisch-anorgani- schen Matrizes sowie nano- und mikroskaligen, funktionellen Verstärkungselementen. Neue Werkstoffeigenschaften sollen hierbei auch für industrielle Anwendungen nutzbar gemacht werden. Neben Beschichtungen werden thermoplastische Kom- paktwerkstoffe hergestellt. Beide Materialbasen eignen sich auch zur Weiterverarbeitung über additive Fertigungsverfah- ren. Als partikuläre funktionelle Füllstoffe sind anorganische keramische oder metallische Füllstoffe besonders interessant, da sie mit einer maßgeschneiderten Partikel-Matrix-Grenz- läche den Transfer festkörperphysikalischer Eigenschaften anorganischer Materialien in Polymere und Beschichtungen erlauben. Schwerpunkt der Aktivitäten sind schwermetallfreie, aktive Korrosionsschutzsysteme und Gleit-schichten, Antifou- ling-Oberlächen, temperaturbeständige Bindemittel, trans- parente, selbstheilende Oberlächen und 3D-druckfähige Fila- mentmaterialien. DR.-ING. CARSTEN BECKER-WILLINGER studied chemistry at the University of Freiburg. He obtained his degree of Dr.- Ing. in chemistry at Saarland University and INM. Since 2001, he has been head of Nanomers. His work focuses on functional nanoparticles and multifunctional com- posites. MISSION he activities of the Program Division Nanomers comprise the development of functional coatings and bulks based on the polymer matrix composite concept. A strong focus is set on application orient- ed projects for materials used in industry. Functions of interest are corrosion protection, control of fric- tion, anti-fouling, temperature resistance transpar- ent self-healing surfaces. Fields of application are in electronics, medical applications, optics, automo- tive, construction, mechanical and electrical engi- neering as well as additive manufacturing. CURRENT RESEARCH In the area of corrosion protection coatings a weld- through primer for the intermediate protection of mild steel was successfully developed during the EU-project WELDAPRIME. Sol-gel derived matrices illed with functional nanoparticles led to dense coat- ing layers providing protection for mild steel with- out negative impact on welding and cuting ability. Intended areas of use are the automotive, construc- tion as well as oil and gas industry. he results were presented on EUROCORR 2016 conference. Investigations on particulate, platelet shaped zinc- and zinc-manganese phosphate additives revealed active corrosion protection in coatings in particu- lar on mild steel. he corrosion protection behavior was investigated with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and standard corrosion tests. he re- sults were presented on TechConnect World Con- ference and EUROCORR 2016. he BMBF-project BioPolyMed in cooperation with the university hospital Greifswald was continued.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 29 he main aim of the project is the development of medical equipment and the corresponding packag- ing material with anti-microbial activity for the risk minimization of hospital-acquired infections in in- tensive care units. In addition an industrial development project for optimization and scale-up of a sol-gel based syn- thesis for inorganic prepolymers for antiadhesive layers used in printing machinery was performed in its irst phase. he new BMBF-VIP+-project Polyrotaxanlack (VIP = Validation of Innovation Potential), started in 2016, is focused on a new class of materials to es- tablish the concept of self-healing scratch resistant coatings as technology platform. he approach is based on polyrotaxane based paints that are devel- oped in close cooperation with Saarland Univer- sity. he polyrotaxanes in combination with suit- able cross-linkers and nanoparticulate additives lead to hard coatings that actually show complete self-healing when heated up to 90 C. Furthermore, the BMZ-GIZ-project NaMiComp (Namibia Materials Institute Competence Devel- opment) with the University of Namibia started by the end of 2016. he aim is to analyze Namibia’s locally available natural resources and use them as a base for new materials. In a long-term goal, the project supports the University in building up an on-site materials science institute. OUTLOOK he polymer composite approach will remain the base to tailor multifunctional interfaces. Recently developed concepts in the ield of lake-type phos- phate particles will be transferred to industrial part- ners in the paint and automotive supplier industry. In this direction the INM focus project “Nanocorr” (cooperation with Innovative Electron Microscopy) starting in 2017 will provide the basis for deeper un- derstanding of early stage steel corrosion processes in the presence of zinc-phosphate lake-type parti- cles, which further on helps to design new types of heavy metal free coatings with active corrosion protection mechanism. Formulations for protective layers will be adapted to environmentally friendly electrophoretic and powder coating techniques. In addition biocompatible 3D-printable compositions on a thermoplastic composite basis with pre-deter- minable mechanical and thermal properties will be developed. Cross section of a corrosion protection layer containing zinc-phosphate lakes (magniication 12500 x).

30 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // NANOKOMPOSIT-TECHNOLOGIE / NANOCOMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY OPTISCHE MATERIALIEN / OPTICAL MATERIALS DR. PETER W. DE OLIVEIRA ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Programmbereich Optische Materialien erforscht Kompo- sitmaterialien, deren besondere Eigenschaften und Funktionen auf der Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung beruhen. Zur Entwicklung von neuen optischen Beschichtun- gen werden Simulationen der optischen Eigenschaften mit Materialsynthesen sowie Applikations- und Strukturierungs- techniken kombiniert. Diese Herangehensweise ermöglicht es, neue Materialkonzepte zu entwerfen: Zum Beispiel wird auf diese Weise mesoporöses Niobium-dotiertes Titandioxid durch Soft-Templating hergestellt. Neue Materialien für Membranen lassen sich aus einem hierfür angepassten Block-Copolymer über verdampfungsinduzierte Selbstorganisationsprozesse herstellen. Ein anderes Beispiel ist die Entwicklung fotoemp- indlicher Materialien zur Herstellung von lexiblen, transpa- renten und dehnbaren, Indium-freien Touch-Sensoren. Hierbei werden Applikationsverfahren und Werkstoffe iterativ aufein- ander angepasst. DR. PETER W. DE OLIVEIRA completed his Dr. rer. nat. in physics at Saarland Uni- versity and INM in 2006. He combines basic studies with a strong industrial fo- cus. Oliveira has been head of Optical Materials since 2005 and also heads the In- novationCenter INM. MISSION he Program Division Optical Materials works on the design of new optical and electro-optical com- posite materials to functionalize coatings on glass, ceramic and polymeric substrates. Our expertise in wet chemical syntheses of organic-inorganic ma- trices and in the production of nanoparticles with speciic chemical modiications allows the develop- ment of material classes enabling novel solutions for current material challenges. CURRENT RESEARCH High-performance photocatalysts through block-copolymer (BCP) assisted self-as- sembly Band-gap modiied crystalline transition metal oxides, such as Niobium-doped Titanium dioxide (Nb:TiO2), with a high surface area and an homo- geneous mesoporous architecture are becoming increasingly important for photocatalytic applica- tions. Mesoporous Nb:TiO2 has been synthesized by an evaporation induced self-assembly based on a sot-templating utilizing a tailored BCP. he poly- mer template Poly(Isoprene-block-Styrene-block- Ethylene Oxide) has been synthesized by sequen- tial anionic polymerization. he volume fraction of each block as well as the overall molecular weight has been adjusted to construct ordered TiO2, Nb2O5 and Nb:TiO2. We showed that structuring our ma- terials into a highly ordered porous shape increased the activity up to 20 times. Moreover the extraordi- nary sizes of our pores combine suicient diameter for penetration of the reactant and the electromag- netic stimuli.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 31 Development of indium free inks for transparent conductive coatings (TCO) he objective of this work is the development of novel indium-free TCO inks for direct printing pro- cesses as gravure or ink-jet printing (EU project IN- FINITY). As alternative TCO materials, zinc oxide doped by aluminum or silicon will be tested and the properties will be compared with ITO coatings. In the project the INM is responsible for the fabrica- tion and printing of the inks. he development of a printed coating with high conductivity demands the optimization of multiple parameters such as the deposition of particles during evaporation of the solvent having a big impact on quality and homo- geneity of the paterns. Inhomogeneities such as the of 1.7 Ωsq was achieved on PET, which is compa- rable to results obtained on glass. he best results on PDMS were in the range of a few 100 Ωsq, in- dicating that very sot substrates pose some addi- tional diiculties. However, the conductivity of sil- ver ilms on PDMS experienced only litle change even ater considerable stretching. Bending of the PET substrate did not afect the conductivity of the silver ilm at all. OUTLOOK he Program Division Optical Materials will contin- ue to focus primarily on designing materials with addressable optical properties comprising compos- ite materials with nanoparticles or speciic mole- Prototype of a stretchable touch sensor on Polydimethylsiloxan substrate foil. so called „cofee ring efect“ may lead to inhomo- geneous curing and poor functionality. Two strat- egies are employed to recirculate the solid material and obtain homogeneous depositions: induction of Marangoni lows by a surface tension gradient and management of spatial evaporation of solvents in a droplet. Stretchable touch screen sensor trough photochemical metallisation he objective of our work was to explore the pos- sibilities of the photometallization process for the preparation of functional capacitive touch-sensors on lexible and stretchable substrates. he optical quality was comparable to samples on glass. Ho- mogeneous silver deposition on the larger electrode areas were achieved as well as an excellent deini- tion of the 5 µm wide mesh lines. A sheet resistance cules as well as metamaterials including photonic crystals and plasmonic nanostructures. A thorough understanding of the wavelength dependent prop- erties of the building blocks for these materials and their mutual interaction will be a key factor for tai- loring material properties. Materials with novel op- tical functions like materials that can be induced virtual voxels (3D-Pixels) will increase in impor- tance and market potential in the coming years with regard to the growing importance of security or information technologies. Progress gained with new materials will be complemented by adapted in- novative coating and printing techniques. Targeted application ields such as display technology, en- ergy conversion, and active optics are among the top priorities.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 33 DAS QUERSCHNITTSFELD CROSS LINKING ACTIVITIES Das uerschnitsfeld fasst übergreifende For- schungs- und Entwicklungsthemen zusammen, die neben eigener Forschung die Arbeit der anderen Programmbereiche unterstützen. So wendet der Programmbereich Innovative Elektronenmikrosko- pie die elektronenmikroskopische Methodik auf neue materialwissenschatliche und biologische Fragestellungen an. Das InnovationsZentrum INM verbindet die Wissenschats- und Technologiebasis des INM mit Industrieunternehmen. Es koordiniert Kooperationsprojekte mit der Industrie und setzt diese um. Ferner entwickelt und skaliert das Inno- vationsZentrum Materialien und Prozesse in enger Verbindung von Material- und Verfahrenstechnik. Zusätzlich bietet es Beratung und analytische Ser- viceleistungen an. his area combines comprehensive research and de- velopment activities, which are supposed to me- thodically complement the competencies of the re- search ields. Among these activities, independent scientiic research is of particular importance. For example the Program Division Innovative Electron Microscopy works on the application of electron mi- croscopic techniques to material-related and bio- logical problems. he InnovationCenter INM links the scientiic and technological basis of INM with industry. It coordinates cooperation projects with industry and implements them. Furthermore the In- novationCenter INM develops and scales materials and processes in a close cooperation of materials- and chemical process technology. Additionally, it ofers consulting and analytical services. Zum Jahresende wurde der Programmbereich Mo- dellierung/Simulation aufgelöst; diese Fragestellun- gen werden küntig in einem Cluster mit externen Partnern bearbeitet. Das uerschnitsfeld besteht da- her zum 31.12.2016 aus zwei Programmbereichen: Programmbereich Innovative Elektronenmikroskopie By the end of 2016, the Program Division Modeling/ Simulation was closed down; this topic will be cov- ered by a cluster with external partners. he Cross Linking Activities area thus consists of two Program Divisions (as of December 31, 2016): Program Division Innovative Electron Microscopy Leitung: Prof. Dr. Niels de Jonge Head: Prof. Dr. Niels de Jonge Programmbereich InnovationsZentrum INM Program Division InnovationCenter INM Leitung: Dr. Peter W. de Oliveira, Stv. Leitung: Prof. Dr. Tobias Kraus Head: Dr. Peter W. de Oliveira, Deputy head: Prof. Dr. Tobias Kraus SERVICEBEREICHE Die Forschungsfelder des INM werden in ihrer Ar- beit von vier Servicebereichen unterstützt. Der Servicebereich Chemische Analytik bietet ein brei- tes Spektrum analytischer Dienstleistungen. Der Servicebereich Physikalische Analytik betreibt v. a. elektronenoptische und röntgenanalytische Ver- fahren. Der Servicebereich Engineering entwickelt und stellt Anlagen und Komponenten, von kleinen Laborgeräten bis zu großen Pilotanlagen, für die Programmbereiche her. Die Bibliothek erbringt Ser- viceleistungen im Bereich Information, Dokumen- tation, Recherche und Dokumentlieferung. SERVICE GROUPS Four Service Groups support the research ields of INM in their work. he Service Group Chemical Ana- lytics provides analytical tools and knowledge ranging from standard characterization procedures to the de- velopment of complex new analysis routes. he Ser- vice Group Physical Analytics covers electron optical and x-ray analytical investigations. he Service Group Engineering deals with the development and construc- tion of devices and components, from small laboratory scale equipment up to pilot plant scale devices, for the Program Divisions. he Library of the INM provides services in the area of information and documentation.

34 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // QUERSCHNITTSFELD / CROSS LINKING ACTIVITIES INNOVATIVE ELEKTRONENMIKROSKOPIE / INNOVATIVE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY PROF. DR. NIELS DE JONGE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Eine nanometergenaue Materialcharakterisierung ist unab- dingbar für die Weiterentwicklung der modernen Nanotechno- logie und der Biologie. Der Programmbereich Innovative Elek- tronenmikroskopie (IEM) betreibt interdisziplinäre Forschung an der Schnittstelle der Physik der Elektronenmikroskopie (EM), Biophysik, Materialwissenschaft, Zellbiologie und Bild- verarbeitung. Wir entwickeln modernste Techniken im Bereich In-situ-Transmissions-EM (TEM) und Raster-TEM (STEM) für die Forschung an funktionellen Materialien und biologischen Systemen unter realen Bedingungen. Wir untersuchen auch neue Wege für die dreidimensionale (3D) Datenaufnahme. Wir verfügen über langjährige Erfahrung mit Bildverarbeitung so- wie mit der Entwicklung von Protokollen für die speziische Proteinmarkierung mit Nanopartikeln. Dem Programmbereich stehen ein hochmodernes Elektronenmikroskop (JEOL ARM200) zur Verfügung. Wir haben vielfältige Forschungskooperationen mit verschiedenen Universitäten und der Industrie. PROF. DR. NIELS DE JONGE completed his doctorate in biophysics at the Univer- sity of Freiburg. He per- formed research at Philips Research, Eindhoven, the University of Tennessee and the Vanderbilt Univer- sity School of Medicine, Nashville. De Jonge is Hon- orary Professor for Experi- mental Physics at Saarland University. MISSION Nanoscale characterization is essential for the areas as modern nanotechnology, energy science, biolo- gy, and biomedical sciences. he Program Division Innovative Electron Microscopy (IEM) conducts in- terdisciplinary research at the interface of physics of electron microscopy, biophysics, materials sci- ence, cell biology, and image processing. he di- vision is world leading in the area of liquid-phase electron microscopy. We develop forefront in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scan- ning TEM (STEM) methods for the study of func- tional materials and biological systems at realistic conditions, mostly using a liquid low system. We are also exploring new routes for three-dimensional (3D) data acquisition using intelligent STEM- and image reconstruction strategies. We have extensive experience with image processing, and with devel- oping protocols for speciic labeling of proteins with nanoparticles. he group houses a state-of- the-art electron microscope (ARM200, JEOL). Var- ious research collaborations exist both with aca- demia, and industry. CURRENT RESEARCH Growth factor receptors in cancer cells Our research involves members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. HER2, one of the EGFR family members, is overexpressed in certain types of breast cancer, thereby contribut- ing signiicantly to dysregulated cell growth. We have studied the intra- and intercellular variation of HER2 at the single-molecule level within whole breast cancer cells. Of major interest is to analyze diferences in protein function between individual cancer cells (cancer cell heterogeneity). With our

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 35 Liquid STEM images of quantum dot (QD) labeled ORAI1 proteins in Jurkat T cell. Single QD-labels are visible as green spots in the peripheral plasma membrane regions (from Peckys et al., Micros. Microanal. 2016). 500 nm approach, it is possible to study the efect of cancer drugs on small sub-populations of cells, aiming to increase the efectiveness of HER2 targeting drugs. (cooperation with Prof. Stefan Wiemann, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg) Studying the behavior of nanomaterials in liquid TEM and STEM of liquid specimens ofer unique options to study the nanometer-scale dynamic pro- cesses occurring in liquids. We have recently stud- ied the electron beam induced electrochemistry of gold nanoparticles under varied liquid conditions. We discovered that nanoparticles in close proximity of a surface do not move as predicated by Brownian motion but many orders of magnitude slower, pos- sibly explained by the presence of an interface layer of ordered liquid with exceptionally high viscosity. 3D STEM We have developed a novel three-dimensional (3D) STEM technique for obtaining nanometer resolu- tion on thick specimens. Aberration-corrected 3D STEM is capable of high-resolution 3D imaging without a tilt stage. We are currently improving the vertical resolution by combining focal- and tilt-se- ries STEM. (cooperation with Dr. Tim Dahmen / Prof. Philipp Slusallek, German Center for Artii- cial Intelligence, Saarbrücken) Stoichiometry of calcium channels Liquid STEM is being used to study the stoichi- ometry of Ca2+ channels formed by ORAI proteins in mammalian cells as part of the research center SFB1027. A wide variety of cellular functions de- pend on the dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ signals. he relative ratio of the various ORAI channels is highly relevant for cell function. However, the stoi- chiometry of their heteromeric assembly is mostly unknown, and we aim to determine the assembly stoichiometry under various functional conditions. (cooperation with Prof. Barbara Niemeyer, Biophys- ics, Saarland University, Homburg Campus) OUTLOOK he Program Division Innovative Electron Microsco- py is well situated to conduct research at the inter- national forefront of electron microscopy both in the areas of biology/biophysics, and materials sci- ence. Our future aims are to study processes of pro- tein complexes occurring in eukaryotic cells, to de- velop a new characterization method for membrane proteins in cancer cells, to improve the time-reso- lution of in situ STEM, and to explore the solid-liq- uid interface in materials science. With our nov- el microscopy methods, we may possibly discover new phenomena that are not visible with existing microscopy methods.

36 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // QUERSCHNITTSFELD / CROSS LINKING ACTIVITIES INNOVATIONSZENTRUM INM / INNOVATIONCENTER INM DR. PETER W. DE OLIVEIRA, PROF. DR. TOBIAS KRAUS ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Im Jahr 2016 hat das InnovationsZentrum INM seine Aufgaben als Schnittstelle zwischen den Märkten und den Wissensplatt- formen des INM voll ausgefüllt. Dazu hat es zu Schutzschichten, „Gecomer“-Adhäsionsstrukturen, dekorativen Schichten und funktionellen Nanopartikeln Entwicklungen des INM analysiert, Firmenpartner identiiziert und kontaktiert sowie Transferpro- jekte durchgeführt. Gleichzeitig hat das Zentrum neue Projekte initiiert, die entweder aus technischen Entwicklungen „bot- tom up“ entstanden oder aus strategischen Erwägungen „top down“ als notwendig erkannt wurden, beispielsweise Arbeiten zu Materialien für die digitale Zukunft. Das Zentrum möchte in den kommenden Jahren Standardprozesse zur Unterstützung von Innovationen etablieren (BMBF-Projekt Science4KMU). Als seine anspruchsvollste Aufgabe betrachtet es die Identiikation und Auswertung potentiell disruptiver Entwicklungen aus der Grundlagenforschung. MISSION To increase INM’s acquisition of industrial proj- ects, the InnovationCenter INM provides support for science-to-business marketing. It develops an innovation strategy adapted to INM’s competenc- es. Continuous evaluation of the markets provides feedback to inluence the direction of future basic research. Based on INM’s research output, the In- novationCenter designs and develops novel coating materials, new surface structuring techniques, and corresponding processes up to pilot plant scale. he center assists R&D projectss along the entire inno- vation chain from basic concepts to quality control and validation of the production process. CURRENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Technology transfer activities in 2016 comprised adhesion control through microstructuring on glass and plastic, including surfaces suitable for the han- DR. PETER W. DE OLIVEIRA is the head of the InnovationCenter INM. he physicist also heads the Program Division Optical Materials. PROF. DR. TOBIAS KRAUS is deputy head of the InnovationCenter INM and in this function he is responsible for its analytical services. Kraus is head of the Program Division Structure For- mation and Professor for Colloid and Interface Chemistry at Saarland University.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 37 dling of microoptical devices; corrosion protection of aluminum, brass, magnesium, zinc, and stainless steel; decorative coatings on glass, watch cases, and wheels; and synthesis and quality control of func- tional nanoparticles. Protective coatings he project aims to develop a replacement for corro- sion protection coatings with beter performance to be easily applied by spray coating. Further require- ments were low content of volatile organic com- pounds, excellent adhesion, resistance to luids used in vehicles, among others. Within a year, we suc- ceeded in developing a new composition of a cor- rosion protection coating material for steel that has beter protection performance than existing catapho- retic paints and surpasses even galvanic zinc-nick- ners. he project aims at the development of meth- ods to build up long term cooperations between the INM and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Potential partner SMEs will be identiied using two strategies: one is top-down with a “big data”-based approach, the other is botom-up and based on a detailed survey. Analytical services he InnovationCenter INM also ofers a broad range of value added analytical services to partners from in- dustry. Our goal is to make INM's comprehensive ana- lytical capabilities available to companies, allow them to improve the quality and competitiveness of their products, and create reciprocal trust that can initiate future R & D ventures in cooperation with the INM. Wet coating equipment for very thin layer developed at the InnovationCenter INM. el coatings. In addition, we created an application method for the reproducible coating of rails. Gecomer upscaling his internal cooperation with the Program Divi- sion Functional Microstructures brings an innova- tion from INM’s research closer to application and thus supports joint projects with industrial part- ners. In a project funded by the Leibniz Association we exploit INM’s gecomer technology to develop pick-and-place methods for the transport and po- sitioning of microscale devices. Science4KMU In the BMBF project Science4KMU the Innovation- Center teamed up with two institutes specialized in Operation Organization and European Econom- ic Research to react to rapidly changing markets and identify the most promising cooperation part- OUTLOOK he InnovationCenter INM is creating an internal network to exploit the relationship between scien- tiic development, engineering, and industrial co- operations to nurture a culture of innovation. he externally funded project Science4KMU will pro- vide strategies to form contacts between INM and the market. An external network will be developed, tested and validated with the aim of fostering trust- ful partnerships with businesses. he Center anal- yses the requirements of the SMEs, provides as- sistance in identifying inancing resources for the proposed innovation development and implementa- tion, and applies project management to streamline the process. his “ecosystem” will coalesce talent speciic teams from the internal and external net- works of information, personnel capacity, resourc- es, and facilities across all Program Divisions to im- plement and execute projects.

38 GRUPPENBERICHTE / GROUP REPORTS // SERVICEBEREICHE / SERVICE GROUPS CHEMISCHE ANALYTIK / CHEMICAL ANALYTICS DR. CLAUDIA FINK-STRAUBE Die Servicegruppe Chemische Analytik verfügt über moderne Verfahren zur Trennung und Analyse von lüchtigen und lösli- chen organischen Stofgemischen (GC-MS, LC-MS, GPC), zur Element-Analytik (HR-SF ICP-MS, HR-CS AAS, ICP-OES, CHNOS) und zu Aufschluss- und Präparationstechniken für anorganische und organische Proben (MW, HT Aufschluss, HS, LE, SPE). Die Servicegruppe bietet die Optimierung und Entwicklung analytischer Methoden für neue Probenformu- lierungen sowie Routinemessungen für alle Gruppen des INM, die Universität und externe Autraggeber an. Das neue hoch- aulösende Q-TOF-System zur Strukturauklärung kleiner Moleküle und empindlicher Verbindungen mit einer Massen- genauigkeit von 1 ppm vervollständigt das Portfolio der che- mischen Analytik, um auch den Bedürfnissen der biologisch orientierten Gruppen gerecht zu werden. PHYSIKALISCHE ANALYTIK / PHYSICAL ANALYTICS DR. MARCUS KOCH Die Servicegruppe Physikalische Analytik hat die Aufgabe, Proben aus dem INM, der Universität und von externen Auf- traggebern mitels röntgendifraktometrischer und elek- tronenmikroskopischer Methoden zu charakterisieren. Für einen Teil dieser Proben müssen aufwändige Präparations- verfahren wie z. B. Mikrotomie oder Kryopräparation einge- setzt werden, um einen Blick auf die Nano- und Mikrostruk- tur des Materials werfen zu können. Darüber hinaus besteht die Möglichkeit für rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersu- chungen unter besonders schonenden Bedingungen (ESEM), z. B. für biologische oder nasse Proben. Beschätigte, die elek- tronenmikroskopische Fragestellungen selbständig lösen möchten, werden in die Geräte eingewiesen und bei ihren Arbeiten unterstützt.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 39 ENGINEERING / ENGINEERING DIPL.-ING. DIETMAR SERWAS Hauptaufgabengebiet des Servicebereiches Engineering mit den Arbeitsbereichen Konstruktion, mechanische Werkstat und Elektrowerkstat ist die Entwicklung und Herstellung von wissenschatlichen Anlagen und Komponenten für die Grup- pen des INM. Die Bandbreite der Arbeiten reicht von kleinen Laborgeräten bis zu Pilotanlagen. Aus den Vorgaben werden Konzepte entwickelt und mit CATIA-V5-CAD in Konstruk- tionen umgesetzt und in den INM-Werkstäten angefertigt. Hierfür steht eine moderne Ausstatung wie ein CAM-System, eine 5-Achs-HSC-Präzisionsfräsmaschine oder eine Funken- erosionsanlage zur Verfügung. Weiterhin werden Servicear- beiten für die anderen Bereiche des INM, sowie im Rahmen einer Kooperation die Werkstatarbeiten für den Lehrstuhl Technische Physik der Universität des Saarlandes durchgeführt. NTNM-BIBLIOTHEK / NTNM LIBRARY DIPL.-BIBL. ELKE BUBEL 2016 haben die Universität des Saarlandes (UdS) und das INM die Zusammenführung der naturwissenschatlich-technischen Institutsbibliothek der UdS und der wissenschatlichen Spe- zialbibliothek des INM beschlossen. Mit Abschluss des Koope- rationsvertrages wurde ein Prozess gestartet, die physischen Bestände beider Bibliotheken zusammenzuführen, sowie Sy- nergieefekte bei der Erwerbung, Erschließung und Präsenta- tion von Print- und elektronische Medien zu schafen. Die neue Bibliothek irmiert seitdem als NTNM-Bibliothek und hat ihren Sitz in Gebäude C6 2 auf dem Campus der UdS. Für das INM ist die Bibliothek aktiv vertreten in den Arbeitskrei- sen Bibliotheken und Open Access der Leibniz-Gemeinschat. Sie fördert Open Access durch Beratungs- und Serviceange- bote und ist zentrale Dokumentationsstelle für die Publika- tionsdaten im INM.

42 HIGHLIGHTS CARBON PORES AS ENERGY STORAGE NANOREACTORS J. LEE AND V. PRESSER ENERGY MATERIALS Electrical double-layer capacitors (supercapacitors) achieve rapid energy storage and recovery by reversible ion electrosorption. he high-power rates originate from the high mobility of ions dissolved in an electrolyte. In contrast, ion intercalation bateries operate much more slowly, but achieve much higher energy storage capacities. To combine fast rates with high storage capacity, carbon materials can be hybridized with redox-active species. Yet, this oten leads to un- favorable power and energy ratings, when compared to supercapac- itors and bateries, individually. Our approach is to capitalize on the fast ion transport and rapid charge transfer of dissolved ions via con- inement of redox ions in carbon nanopores. With this approach, al- ready-established carbon electrode materials, like activated carbon or carbon cloth, can be readily applied. We have demonstrated the universal character of this promising approach with three systems: iodide, ferricyanide, and vanadyl/tin. With potassium ferricyanide and potassium iodide, we demonstrated the synergy of redox electrolyte by the dual charge storage mecha- nisms via double-layer formation and Faradaic redox reaction (en- ables 10-times higher energy storage capacities than supercapacitors) and the enhanced redox kinetics via the coninement of ions in car- bon nanopores (power performance as high as supercapacitors). Par- ticularly atractive is the vanadyl/tin sulfate system with unique cell balance via luid/solid reaction (tin plating) at the positive electrode and luid/luid reactions of vanadium complexes at the negative elec- trode. his promising redox couple allows to access energy ratings of up to 85 Wh/kg, and adjusting the vanadyl-to-tin sulfate ratio allows to access high power regimes (up to 2 kW/kg). References: J. Lee et al., Energ Environ Sci (2016) 9(11) 3392 – 3398. Fig. 1: Concept of carbon pores as electrochemical nanoreactors for the aqueous vanadyl/tin system. Fig. 2: Fast ion transport kinetics in the coninement of carbon nanopores.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 43 ADHESION OF COMPOSITE FIBRILS TO ROUGH SUBSTRATES S. C. L. FISCHER, R. G. BALIJEPALLI, R. HENSEL AND E. ARZT FUNCTIONAL MICROSTRUCTURES While geckoes and other animals can cling to surfaces of any rough- ness, good atachment for artiicial adhesion devices requires smooth countersurfaces. We demonstrated that artiicial ibrillar microstruc- tures can be designed to cling to surfaces of inite roughness. his concept is important for the practical applicability of INM’s Gecom- er technology. We designed composite pillar structures composed of a mechanically stif stalk and a sot terminal layer with a tunable interface between both (Fig. 1). We performed experiments on macroscopic structures to establish a proof-of-principle and analyzed the interfacial stress distribution by inite element simulations. he sot terminal layer of the pillar structures provided high adaptability to the substrate and hence led to a beter stress distribution. he stresses were higher in the center of the ibril and lower at the perimeter, where convention- al pillars start to detach due to the edge stress intensities. With this design, only small reductions in adhesion stress were recorded when compared to smooth surfaces. In addition, the design enables manu- facturing of high aspect ratio structures with straight sidewalls with- out the instability present in mushroom microstructures. Based on these results, we aim to transfer this principle to smaller structures. his development will enable new applications, such as novel skin adhesives (Fig. 2). Our modeling activities on this topic are supported by R. McMeeking (UC Santa Barbara), A. Kossa (Budapest University of Technology & Economics), and M. Müser (Saarland Uni- versity). By combining experiment and theory, we will develop a full image of the complex adhesion mechanisms in ibrillary structures and reine their design for targeted applications. References: S. C. L. Fischer et al., ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces, 9 (2017), 1036–1044 R. G. Balijepalli et al., J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 99 (2017) 357-378 Fig. 1: Scheme of cylindrical composite pillars composed of mechanically stiff stalk and soft tip. Fig. 2: Scanning electron micrograph of a composite micropillar array.

44 HIGHLIGHTS HYBRID INKS: MATERIALS FOR THE FUTURE OF PRINTED ELECTRONICS L. GONZALEZ-GARCIA, B. REISER, J. H. M. MAURER, I. KANELIDIS AND T. KRAUS STRUCTURE FORMATION he next generation of electrics poses new challenges for material scientists in which printing of electronics allows for new designs, substrates, and applications. Printing requires inks that contain con- ductive polymers, metals, or semiconductors in solution or suspen- sion. Creating stable inks that can be printed into high-performance electronic structures is a formidable challenge. he Structure Formation Group has developed “hybrid particle inks” containing inorganic cores with organic shells. he combination is synergistic: a sot polymer provides stability and mechanical lexi- bility; an inorganic core lends the printed material stability and good electronic properties. One of the hybrid inks for inkjet printing is based on gold cores and a sot polythiophene shell. It becomes electrically conductive imme- diately ater drying without any further treatment. he metal cores dominate the conductivity of the printed layers, while the polymer shells act as stabilizers, form conductive bridges and establish elec- trical contact during drying. We currently investigate properties such as shelf life, particle agglomeration, and the electrical properties of printed paterns. We are currently developing self-organizing inks that contain highly anisotropic inorganic cores with an organic shell which directs their arrangement during printing to ensure the formation of well-deined, thin, and continuous lines. Future inks may contain mixtures of vari- ous materials which are spontaneously arranging to form electronic junctions and other functional parts directly ater printing. References: B. Reiser, L. González-García, I. Kanelidis, J. H. M. Maurer, T. Kraus, Chemical Science 7 (2016) 41904196 J. H. M. Maurer, L. González-García, B. Reiser, I. Kanelidis, T. Kraus, Nano Letters 16 (2016) 29212925 Fig.: Scheme of the hybrid, sintering-free ink concept (top), picture of a conductive path using our conductive ink with a lighting LED (middle), and picture of a transparent conductive mesh prepared by nanoimprinting of self-organizing ink (bottom).

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 45 CONTROLLING LIQUID DISTRIBUTION IN LIQUID-LIKE STATES J. CUI SWITCHABLE MICROFLUIDICS Embedding luid in a solid matrix is essential for providing coatings various functions such as self-recovery, delivery, and secretion, or tuning surface properties, mechanical performance or others. Local- izing the liquid-inclusions allow these capabilities acting in a spa- tial control mode for targeted delivery and ine mediation of surface properties. To this end, we developed a facile approach to control the localiza- tion of liquid droplets in dynamic polymer matrices for the irst time. Our strategy is based on evaporative lithography, a novel technique to control particle migration in the liquid phase during drying by mediating solvent evaporation with masks. his technique can in- duce an asymmetric distribution of liquid compositions in solution where in a combined interaction of surface tension, the Marangoni low, controls the mass transport. Nonvolatile liquid is enriched in the region of free evaporation and then undergoes a phase separation to create liquid droplets which are further ixed by gelation (Fig. 1). We demonstrated that resulting paterned coatings display remark- able diference in secretion property from droplet-embedded region to droplet-free region, which allows for the control of the directional movement of water drops (Fig. 2). Our method was demonstrated by using simple three-composition systems. he general principle could be applied to various material systems for localizing many material functions such as slipperiness, self-healing ability, fouling resistance etc. hese functions have wide potential applications in drug delivery, material fabrication, thermal transport, coatings on medical devices to name only a few. References: H. Zhao et al., Angew Chem Int Ed (2016) 55(36) 10681 – 10685. Fig. 1: Controlling the localization of droplets in dynamic polymer gel systems by evaporative lithography. Fig. 2: Localized recovery and water drop sliding on a damaged patterned coating with manual knife cuts. (a) Optical images of coating before damage (i) and after damage at various times (ii-v). (b) Optical images of a water droplet (10 µL) on damaged coating at various times (i-v). Solid and dashed lines show damages made in transparent and opaque regions, respectively.

46 HIGHLIGHTS LIGHT-GUIDED ANGIOGENESIS DYNAMIC BIOMATERIALS Endothelial cells form the linings of our blood vessels. hese cells have a remarkable capacity to adjust in number and arrangement and to migrate, extend and remodel the vascular network in our tissues. Endothelial cells are indispensable for tissue growth and repair, but also for the growth of tumors and the progression of cancer. he critical factors that motivate endothelial cells to migrate out of their endothelial monolayer to grow new vessels remain unclear. Mi- gration studies suggest that the morphological parameters of the ex- tracellular matrix, the natural scafold to which cells atach, are key variables for cell migration behavior. One possible relevant param- eter is the size of the collagen ibers in the tissue, to which cells at- tach and along which endothelial cells move. During regeneration processes and in tumor development collagen ibers reshape and re- organize, and these changes could provide stimulatory cues for the motility of embedded cells. Researchers in the Program Division Dynamic Biomaterials have de- veloped biomaterials with reconigurable adhesive spaces mimicking the ibrillar structure of collagen in natural tissues. Using photoacti- vatable cell adhesive molecules and a scanning laser, migration pat- terns of various geometries were in situ generated. Endothelial cells adopted various migration modes (single vs collective, and amoeboid vs mesenchymal migration) depending on the spatial constraint. Cells adapted their body shape to the geometry of the migration track, which could trigger phenotypic changes. Our results provide rele- vant guidance for the design of biomaterials that actively support the growth of new vessels. It also helps to design new therapeutic concepts to remodel collagen ibers in tumor tissue to prevent vas- cularization of tumors and stop their growth. References: M. J. Salierno et al., Biomaterials (2016) 82, 113 – 123. Fig.: Endothelial cells on a photoactivatable biomaterial escape out of a monolayer when adhesive lines of certain widths appear in their proximity. The line width determines if the migratory process occurs individually or collectively.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 47 SHAPE-CONTROLLED ZINC-MANGANESE PHOSPHATE PARTICLES AS NEW CORROSION PROTECTION ADDITIVES FOR STEEL C. BECKER-WILLINGER, E. PERRE AND S. ALBAYRAK NANOMERS Zinc phosphates and metal phosphates are commonly known to show an interesting protection efect against corrosion on steel. he un- derlying mechanisms are still under discussion. Barrier properties against difusion, passivation of the steel surface, shielding and an- ti-cathodic disbonding abilitiy were reported. he protection efect was limited and diicult to demonstrate using accelerated corrosion tests because conventional zinc phosphates consist of particles with spherical shape and show only low solubility in water. For this reason, we followed two approaches to achieve an enhanced solubility: synthesizing crystalline particles with a lake-type mor- phology having a higher surface to volume ratio than correspond- ing spheres, and introducing manganese as a second metal into zinc phosphate. All the synthesized metal phosphate particles present a lake-like morphology. he zinc manganese phosphate lakes with a molar ratio of Zn:Mn 0.3:0.7 were much thinner and smaller than the zinc phosphate. he lake-like morphology was expected to lead to an improved reactivity of the particles. It should lead to an increased solubility from the edges of the particles when a corrosive electrolyte gets in contact. In order to evaluate the protective behavior of the diferent metal phosphate particles, they were dispersed in various testing electrolytes that could be used to immerse mild steel samples. Additionally, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectrosco- py in dependence on the particles’ morphology and the molar ratio of zinc to manganese were applied. Finally, the particles were tried as active illers in Nanomer coatings and could be oriented more or less parallel to the surface of the metal, thus increasing the barrier properties by a roof-tile arrangement. Fig. 1: Morphologies of the synthesized metal phosphate particles: zinc phosphate (top) and zinc manganese phosphate (middle). Fig. 2: Steel plates immersed for 24 h in 3 different electrolytes (0.5 % NaCl in H2O at pH 6.3, 3.8, and 2.7) containing no particles, zinc phosphate (+ZP), and zinc-manganese phosphate (+ZMP).

48 HIGHLIGHTS HIGHLIGHTS FROM OUR SERVICE GROUPS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LUNG SURFACTANT AND AMORPHOUS SIO2-NPS Y. E. SILINA, J. WELCK, A. KRAEGELOH, M. KOCH, C. FINK-STRAUBE CHEMICAL ANALYTICS, NANO CELL INTERACTIONS, PHYSICAL ANALYTICS In this study, we showed how two sizes of amorphous Silica Nanopar- ticles (SiO2-NPs) at diferent concentrations interact with dipalmitoyl- phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as main component of lung surfactant. For the experiments, we have used a combination of solid phase ex- traction (SPE) with hydrophilic interaction mass spectrometry (HIL- IC-ESI-MS). he assay was used to investigate the concentration-de- pendent sorption of DPPC to two-sizes of amorphous SiO2-NPs in a MeOH:H2O (50/50 v/v) mixture and in cell culture medium. A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE REPLICATION OF MICROSCOPIC SURFACE MORPHOLOGY W. WU*,R. M. GUIJT*, Y.E. SILINA, M. KOCH, A. MANZ* *KOREAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KIST EUROPE), CHEMICAL ANALYTICS, PHYSICAL ANALYTICS A simple method for the replication of the microscopic surface morphol- ogy of plant leaves was developed at KIST. INM performed a detailed microscopy study by ESEM and conirmed replication accuracies down to 500 nm in PDMS. he chemical stability of the PDMS castings was analyzed by HS-GC-MS studies. he replication technique was applied to leaves from over ten diferent species, covering the most common reticulate, accurate, pinnate, parallel and palmate venation paterns. he methodology provides access to a large number of luidic structures, with an even bigger variety in functionality provided by the presence and location of micro- and nanometer scaled structures caused by sto- mata or trichomes. 10.0 µm Fig. 1: Positive HILIC-ESI-MS mass spectra (left) and TEM image (right) of conditioned medium extract after implemented SPE. Fig. 2: SEM images of Tilia platyphyllos leaf (top) and corresponding PDMS replica (bottom).

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 49 INTERNATIONAL ERC WORKSHOP “ENGINEERING OF BIO-INSPIRED MATERIALS” E. ARZT AND R. HENSEL FUNCTIONAL MICROSTRUCTURES In a two-day workshop, INM gathered an outstanding group of inter- national experts in materials science and related ields for presentations on new materials concepts. More than 100 researchers discussed recent indings on materials inspired by nature and their potential for emerg- ing applications in industry and biomedical sectors. he workshop was held from June 7-8, 2016, in the festive auditorium of Saarland Univer- sity in Saarbrücken within the framework of the ERC Advanced Grant awarded to Prof. Arzt. he list of invited speakers included top researchers from prestigious institutions, e.g. the University of Cambridge in the UK, the Weizmann Institute in Israel, the Max Planck Institutes for Intelligent Systems (Stutgart) and for Iron Research (Düsseldorf), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, as well as from renowned universities such as Harvard University, Stanford University, Brown University, University of Cali- fornia, University of Massachusets, the Massachusets Institute of Tech- nology, University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins University, Seoul National University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris, University of Freiburg and Montanuniversität Leoben. heir lectures spanned top- ics from sea dwellers and plants as models for new materials, novel 3D microarchitectures, to the fundamentals of modern care products and ultrasot materials and machines. Fibrillar surface structures played a central role in the lively discussions, as they are an important subject of ongoing research at INM. he “Engineering of Bio-Inspired Materials” workshop was organized by Eduard Arzt and Roland Bennewitz (INM), Oliver Krat (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), and Ralph Spolenak (ETH Zürich). he con- ference was made possible by the inancial support of the European Research Council.

50 HIGHLIGHTS 3RD CONFERENCE ON IN SITU AND CORRELATIVE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (CISCEM) N. DE JONGE AND C. HARTMANN INNOVATIVE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY From Oct. 11–12, 2016, INM hosted the 3rd Conference on In Situ and Correlative Electron Microscopy (CISCEM) which brought together an interdisciplinary group of scientists from the ields of materials sci- ence, chemistry, biology, geology, and physics to discuss future direc- tions of in situ electron microscopy from diferent “viewing angles”. he conference was organized by Niels de Jonge (INM), Kristian Mølhave (Denmark Technical University) and Damien Alloyeau (Université Diderot Paris). Financially, it was supported by the Eu- ropean Microscopy Society, the Deutsche Gesellschat für Elektronen- mikroskopie, and by twelve sponsors from industry. Located in the Aula of the Saarland University, the conference atracted 90 partici- pants from 14 countries. Highlight was the keynote lecture of Prof. Frances M. Ross, IBM, Yorktown Heights, USA, who spoke about liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy for imaging electrochemical processes. he top- ics of the oral and poster presentations included nanoscale studies of biological samples and functional materials under realistic or near realistic conditions, e.g., in gaseous environments, at elevated tem- peratures, and in liquid. It was shown how dynamical processes are studied by including the time domain in electron microscopy, while taking into account the electron beam efects. he wide variety of materials and dynamical phenomena investigated demonstrated the rapidly growing interest of the international scientiic community in characterization at the nanometer length scale using in situ approach- es, transforming electron microscopes from merely imaging devices into multi-parameter experimental platforms. he extended abstracts have been published online as supplementary section of the journal Microscopy and Microanalysis.

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 51 INM AS FAMILY-FRIENDLY EMPLOYER – RENEWED CERTIFICATE “AUDIT BERUFUNDFAMILIE” C. FINK-STRAUBE AND C. SAUER Since 2012, INM has been certiied as a family-friendly employer within the “audit berufundfamilie”. Ater three successful years, the institute decided to continue its eforts and received the renewed cer- tiication “audit berufundfamilie” in 2015/16. With that step, the INM has commited itself to the implementation of further family-orient- ed and health-conducive measures within the following three years. INM’s company agreement “Working Time”, adopted in 2012, was an important step in the irst audit period. It allows all employees a lexible working time regulation and includes lexible working con- ditions for short-term family maters. A central topic in our work has been the balance between work and life with children, especially younger ones. A “Parent Child Room” and a Baby Nursing and Changing Room were installed; additionally, we cooperate with a family child care facility near the institute. We also built up a cooperation with Saarland University, giving our em- ployees access e.g. to its day care centers, online data base for babysit- ters or holiday camps. INM events are family-friendly scheduled and we organize a childcare service for internal events. We placed another focus on caring for and nursing relatives. A mem- ber of our audit and equality team provides advice and information, such as statutory regulations or external support ofers, and orga- nized two events on this topic. With the renewed certiication, INM wants to further support its employees in creating their own work-life-balance. We will focus on two topics: the career-development for young female scientists with respect to family-issues and the balance of work and care for rela- tives. Recently, INM set up a laboratory without hazardous materi- als to allow pregnant women to work and is preparing a company agreement on “Care”. Fig. 1: Impression from INM’s summer barbecue. Fig. 2: INM’s audit and equality team, consisting of the Equal Opportunities Oficers and three other members from the institute.

52 HIGHLIGHTS FOCUS PROJECTS – A TOOL TO STRENGTHEN INTERNAL COOPERATION Since 2013, INM performs an internal project competition to strengthen the cooperation between its groups. hese so called Focus projects are selected for a one year funding period. In 2016 the following projects were operative: LIQUID LAYER LUBRICATION Nanotribology In lubrication, liquids reduce friction and wear by separating slid- ing surfaces. In separation gaps of only few nanometers, the liquid develops a molecular layer structure which changes its load bearing capacity and its shear properties. In the project Liquid Layer Lubrica- tion by the Program Division Nanotribology we have shown by force microscopy experiments that this phenomenon is not only found for simple model liquids but for all constituents of engine oils, such as poly-alpha oleins and esters. he results have led to projects with two industrial partners on the role of surface charges for lubrication and on additives in conined lubricants. PROCESSABILITY OF PHOTOMETALLIZATION Optical Materials, Structure Formation and InnovationCenter INM In this focus project of the Program Divisions Optical Materials and Structure Formation with the InnovationCenter INM the photometal- lization process is used to produce transparent conductive ilms. Sil- ver is photocatalytically deposited on top of a titaniumdioxide (TiO2) layer. By doping with nitrogen and carbon we achieved a reduction of the band gap of the TiO2. hus, a faster deposition and the use of visible light for the silver deposition was enabled. Via a nano-imprint technique as well as by using polystyrene beads as template the doped TiO2 layer could be structured. Transparent, conductive structures were achieved by photometallization (Fig. 2). Transparency could be improved by illumination through a mask. 10 µm Fig. 1: Molecular order changes the shear of liquid lubricants conined between charged surfaces. Fig. 2: Optical microscope image of photode- posited silver on a structured TiO2 ilm.

56 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // DAS INM IN ZAHLEN / INM IN FIGURES DAS INM IN ZAHLEN / INM IN FIGURES DAS INM IN ZAHLEN Im Jahr 2016 betrug der Gesamtumsatz des INM 22,92 Mio. Euro. Institutionelle Förderung (gemeinsame Finanzierung durch Bund und Länder): 18,04 Mio. € davon für Personal- und Sachaufwendungen: 13,8 Mio. €, und für Investitionen: 4,26 Mio. € Erlöse aus Drittmittelvorhaben: 5,58 Mio. € davon 3,67 Mio. € aus öfentlichen Projektförderungen, und 1,91 Mio. € aus Vereinbarungen mit Industrieunternehmen. Sonstige betriebliche Erträge: 0,26 Mio € Das INM hate zum 31.12.2016 241 Beschäftigte (122 m, 119 w), davon 74 Wissenschatler/innen (42 m, 32 w), 41 Promovierende (25 m, 16 w), 54 Beschätigte (28 m, 26 w) in den Bereichen Labor, Technik und Service, 34 Beschätigte (8 m, 26 w) in der Verwaltung und den Sekretariaten, 32 Hiwis (17 m, 15 w) und 6 Auszubildende (2 m, 4 w). INM IN FIGURES In 2016, the total turnover of INM added up to 22.92 million €. Joint inancial support (by the federal government and the federal states): 18.04 million €. including expenses for personnel and materials: 13.8 million €, and for investments: 4.26 million €. Proceeds from third party funding: 5.58 million € including 3.67 million € from public grants, and 1.91 million € from industrial contacts. Other operating income: 0.26 million € As of December 31, 2016, 241 employees (122 m, 119 f) worked at INM including: 74 scientists (42 m, 32 f), 41 doctoral candidates (25 m, 16 f), 54 employees (28 m, 26 f) in the laboratories and technical services, 34 employees (8 m, 26 f) working in the administration and secretarial oices, 32 graduate assistants (17 m, 15 f) and 6 apprentices (2 m, 4 f). m = männlich, w = weiblich / m = male, f = female

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 57 KURATORIUM & WISSENSCHAFTLICHER BEIRAT / BOARD OF TRUSTEES & SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD Stand / As of: 31.12.2016 MITGLIEDER DES KURATORIUMS / MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES MinDirig Dr. Susanne Reichrath Staatskanzlei des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken – Vorsitzende / Chair – Prof. Dr. Volker Linneweber Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken – Stv. Vorsitzender / Deputy Chair – MinRat Dr. Herbert Zeisel Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Bonn – Stv. Vorsitzender / Deputy Chair – Dr. Clemens Bockenheimer Airbus Operations GmbH, Bremen Uwe Johmann Sparkasse Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. Jens Kreisel LIST – Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Christoph Lang saaris/saarland.innovation&standort e. V., Saarbrücken Dr. Gerhard Langstein Covestro Deutschland AG, Leverkusen Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Kurt Mehlhorn Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. Michael D. Menger Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg Dr. Peter W. de Oliveira INM – Leibniz – Institut für Neue Materialien, Saarbrücken Ralf Zastrau Nanogate AG, Götelborn MITGLIEDER DES WISSENSCHAFTLICHEN BEIRATS / MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Gerhard Langstein Covestro Deutschland AG, Leverkusen – Vorsitzender / Chair – Prof. Dr. Günther Tränkle Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Berlin – Stv. Vorsitzender / Deputy Chair – Dr. Volker Faust Freudenberg Medical, Hemoteq AG, Würselen Dr. Peter Grahle Richard Fritz Holding GmbH, Besigheim Prof. Dr. Nicole Grobert University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Prof. Dr. Pascal Jonkheijm University of Twente,a Enschede, Niederlande Michael Jung Nanogate AG, Götelborn Prof. Dr. Gijsje Koenderink FOM Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, Niederlande Prof. Dr. Helga Lichtenegger Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Österreich Prof. Dr. Thomas Speck Universität Freiburg Prof. Dr. Nicholas D. Spencer ETH Zürich, Schweiz Prof. Dr. Gerhard Wenz Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken

58 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // AUSZEICHNUNGEN / AWARDS AUSZEICHNUNGEN / AWARDS Nicolas Jäckel DAAD-Stipendium für Doktorandinnen und Doktoranden, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, Bonn Niels de Jonge, Frances Ross (IBM) und Chongmin Wang (Paciic Northwest National Laboratory PNNL) MRS Innovation in Materials Characteristic Award, Materials Research Society Niels de Jonge European Microscopy Award, European Microscopy Society, Lyon, Frankreich, 01.09.2016 Marcus Koch 3. Preis Fotowetbewerb Nano-Bio-Momente 2016, Deutscher Verband Nanotechnologie und Netzwerk cc-NanoBioNet e. V., Saarbrücken, 16.09.2016 Tobias Kraus Ruf auf eine W3-Professur (abgelehnt), Universität Bayreuth Tobias Kraus Ruf auf eine W3-Professur (angenommen), Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Benjamin Krüner Reisestipendium für die 1. Jahrestagung der Fachgruppe Chemie und Energie, Gesellschat Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Bin Li Postdoctoral Fellowship, Alexander von Humboldt-Stitung Volker Presser Auswahl zur „Woche der Umwelt“ des Bundespräsidenten, Berlin Eduard Arzt KRICT Anniversary Lecture, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejon, Südkorea, 12.10.2016 Eduard Arzt Yunchuan Aisinjioro-Soo Distinguished Lecture, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana Champaign, 03.11.2016 Indra Backes Bester Masterabschluss im Fach Materialchemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, 02.12.2016 Julia Purtov GradUS global Grant, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Javier Diez Sierra Saarlandstipendium, StudienStitungSaar Jana Fleddermann und Henrike Peuschel Posterpreis, NanoMeetsFuture 2016, Saarbrücken, 16.09.2016 Lola Gonzáles-García Aufnahme in das Leibniz-Mentoring-Programm, Leibniz-Gemeinschat, Berlin Marco Zeiger Auswahl zum 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting, Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, Lindau Yijun Zheng Aufnahme in das Leibniz-Mentoring-Programm, Leibniz-Gemeinschat, Berlin

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 59 AKTIVITÄTEN IN GREMIEN / ACTIVITIES IN COMMITTEES Dr. Jennifer Atchison Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Sensors, Progress in Materials Science Prof. Dr. Eduard Arzt Professor für Neue Materialien, Universität des Saarlan- des, Saarbrücken Mitglied der Nationalen Akademie der Wissenschaten Leopoldina International Journal of Materials Research, PNAS, ACS Nano Dr. Carsten Becker-Willinger Vertreter des INM, caMPlusQ – Forschungscampus für Materialien, Prozesse und ualiizierung Mitglied im DGM-Fachausschuss „Funktionalisierung von Oberlächen mitels Mikro-/Nano-Strukturierungs- verfahren“ Korrespondierendes Mitglied der Österreichischen Aka- demie der Wissenschaten Prof. Dr. Roland Bennewitz Honorarprofessor, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Mitglied, Aufsichtsrat des LKR Leichtmetallkompetenz- zentrum Ranshofen GmbH Mitglied, Beirat der Evangelischen Studierendengemeinde Saarbrücken Mitglied, Wissenschatlicher Beirat der Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Stitung, Essen Deutsches Mitglied, Management Commitee des EU COST Network „Nanotribology“ Mitglied, Beirat der ProcessNet Fachgruppe Nanotechno- logie, DECHEMA Mitglied, International Scientiic Advisory Board (ISAB), COMET K2 Zentrum für Integrated Research in Materi- als, Processing and Product Engineering, Leoben Mitglied, Doktorandenauswahlgremium, Deutsche Tele- kom-Stitung, Bonn Vorsitz, Leibniz-Netzwerk Nano, Leibniz-Gemeinschat Sprecher, Leibniz-Forschungsverbund Nano-Sicherheit, Leibniz-Gemeinschat Mitglied, Energiebeirat, Ministerium für Wirtschat, Arbeit, Energie und Verkehr des Saarlandes Mitglied, Advisory Board des FIT (Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstofe und bioinspirierte Technologi- en), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Editor-in-Chief der Reviewzeitschrit “Progress in Mate- rials Science”, Oxford, UK Mitglied im Editorial Board / Advisory Board der Zeit- schriten: Advanced Engineering Materials, International Journal of Materials Research, Materials Science and En- gineering C: Materials for Biological Applications, Journal of Surfaces and Interfaces in Materials, American Scientiic Publishers Gutachtertätigkeit für (Auswahl): Universität Freiburg, Swiss National Science Foundation, Telekom-Stitung, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stitung, Alexan- der von Humboldt-Stitung, BBSRC, ÖAW (Erwin-Schrö- dinger-Preis), DAAD, University of Pennsylvania, University of Southern California, University of Illinois, University of Cambridge Reviewer für Zeitschriten (Auswahl): Journal of the Roy- al Society Interface, Langmuir (American Chemical Society), Mitglied, Advisory Board, DFG-Graduiertenkolleg „In situ Mikroskopie mit Elektronen, Röntgenstrahlen und Rastersonden“ (GRK 1896), Universität Erlangen Mitglied im Editorial Board: Tribology Leters Gutachtertätigkeit für: Deutsche Forschungsgemein- schat, Swiss National Science Foundation, Israel Science Foundation, Netherland’s Science Foundation Reviewer für Zeitschriten: ACS Applied Materials, Physi- cal Review E, Beilstein Nano, Tribology leters, Nanoscale, Langmuir Elke Bubel Sprecherin, Arbeitskreis Bibliotheken und Informations- einrichtungen der Leibniz-Gemeinschat Vorsitzende, Landesgruppe Saarland des Berufsverbandes Information Bibliothek e. V. (BIB) Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Professorin für Materialsynthese und Werkstofentwick- lung, Universität des Saarlandes Mitglied im Editorial Board: Scientiic Reports Mentor in Mentoring Network SciMento und Mentoring Network CheMento Deutsches Mitglied, Management Commitee des EU COST Network „Bioadhesion“ Gutachtertätigkeit für: Deutsche Forschungsgemein- schat, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Advanced Materials, Ange- wandte Chemie, Nature Materials, ACS Chemical Surfa- ces & Interfaces, Langmuir, Biomacromolecules Dr. Claudia Fink-Straube Mitglied, Netzwerk der Leibniz-Gemeinschat zum audit berufundfamilie

60 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // AKTIVITÄTEN IN GREMIEN / ACTIVITIES IN COMMITTEES Dr. Sabine Heusing Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Prof. Dr. Volker Presser Professor für Energie-Materialien, Universität des Saar- landes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. Niels de Jonge Honorarprofessor, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Mitglied, Feodor Lynen Auswahlgremium, Alexander von Humboldt-Stitung Mitglied im Editorial Board: Microscopy and Microanalysis Member of the Advisory Board for the project on sot materials headed by Prof. A. Särkkä, Department of Ma- thematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Gutachtertätigkeit für: Deutsche Forschungsgemein- schat, Dutch Ministry of Economic Afairs NWO; ERC grants EU; Dutch Technology Foundation STW; he Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; National Institute of Health, USA Reviewer für Zeitschriten: ACS Nano, Advanced Structural and Chemical Imaging, Applied Physics Leters, Advanced Materials, Biophysical Journal, ChemComm, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal of Applied Physics, Journal of Biophotonics, Journal of Microscopy, Journal of Structural Biology, Journal of Visualized Experiments, Lab Chip, Langmuir, Microelectronic Engineering, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Nano Leters, Nature, Nature Communications, Nature Materials, Nature Methods, Nature Nanotechnology, Nature Reviews Materials, Optics Express, Plos One, Science, Science, Scientiic Reports, Small, Ultramicroscopy Dr. Annette Kraegeloh Koordinatorin, Leibniz-Forschungsverbund Nanosicherheit Mitglied, Dechema-Arbeitskreis „Responsible Production and Use of Nanomaterials“ Mitglied, NanoPharm ZIM Netzwerk des NanoBionet Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Nature Communications, Nature Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine by Future Medicine, Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Journal of Nanome- dicine and Nanotechnology Prof. Dr. Tobias Kraus Professor für Kolloid- und Grenzlächenchemie, Universi- tät des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Guest Editor, Physica Status Solidi Gutachtertätigkeiten für: Deutsche Forschungsgemein- schat, ETH Zürich, he Australia & Paciic Science Foundation, Baden-Würtemberg Stitung GmbH Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Langmuir, Advanced Mate- rials, ACS Nano, Nanoscale, Nanotechnology, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Physical Chemistry Chemical Phy- sics, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, RSC Advances, Chemistry of Materials, Biomaterials, Coatings, Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, RSC Chemical Science, Colloid and Polymer Science, Materials Dr. Thomas Müller Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Dr. Peter W. de Oliveira Gutachtertätigkeit: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschat, INCT – Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Teconologia, Brasilien Gutachtertätigkeit für: Alexander von Humboldt-Stif- tung, Hessisches Ministerium für Wissenschat und Kunst, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, US Department of Energy, Deutsche Bundesstitung Umwelt, European Research Council, South African National Research Foundation, University of Twente Reviewer für Zeitschriten: ACS Applied Materials & In- terfaces, ACS Nano, Advanced Energy Materials, Advanced Materials Interfaces, AIP Advances, Angewandte Chemie – International Edition, Applied Surface Science, Carbon, ChemElectroChem, ChemSusChem, Desalination, Desali- nation and Water Treatment, Electrochemistry Communi- cations, Electrochimica Acta, Energy and Environmental Science, Environmental Science: Water Research & Techno- logy, Environmental Science & Technology Leters, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Journal of Materials Chemis- try A, Journal of Power Sources, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Nano Energy, Nature Communications, Nature Nanotechnology, NPG Asia Materials, Scientiic Reports, Separation and Puriication Technology, Water Research Dr. Mario Quilitz Koordinator, Leibniz-Netzwerk Nano Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Materials Chemistry and Phy- sics, Solid State Ionics Dr. Yuliya Silina Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Nanomaterials, Analytical Chemistry, Current Analytical Chemistry, Journal Current Radiopharmaceuticals (CRP), Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (JAAS) Günter Weber Mitglied, Kuratorium der Elterninitiative krebskranker Kinder im Saarland e. V., Homburg PD Dr. habil. Ingrid Weiss Privat-Dozentin für Biochemie, Universität Regensburg Stellvertretende Leiterin, Arbeitskreis „Vom Gen zum Material“ im Fachausschuss „Bioinspirierte & Interaktive Materialien“, Deutsche Gesellschat für Materialkunde (DGM) Advisory Board Member, EPSRC – Engineering and Phy- sical Sciences Research Council, UK Gutachtertätigkeit für: DoE / Department of Energy, EPSRC (UK), NSF Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Adv Healthcare Mat, Chem- BioChem, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, FEBS Journal, Journal of Structural Biology, Marine Biotechnology Marco Zeiger Reviewer für Zeitschriten: Carbon

62 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // ABSCHLUSSARBEITEN / THESES ABSCHLUSSARBEITEN / THESES BACHELORARBEITEN / BACHELOR THESES Faust, Stefanie Geometrie von Geckostrukturen Hochschule Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern Prof. Dr. M. K. Baller, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Krämer, Kevin Performance evaluation of supercapacitors employing nanoporous carbon materials Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. V. Presser Wühr, Christian Herstellung von Neutraldichteilter mit dem Sol-Gel Prozess Hochschule Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern Prof. Dr. R. Burk, Prof. Dr. G. Grun, Dr. M. H. Jilavi MASTERARBEITEN / MASTER THESES Backes, Indra Large area nanoimprint of ultrathin gold nanowires Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. G. Kickelbick, Dr. T. Kraus Bareiro Ferreira, Oscar Development of coated acoustic sensors for the structural health monitoring of structures using guided waves Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. C. Boller, Dr. J. Adam Díez Sierra, Javier Heteroatom-doped carbon onions and their use in supercapacitors Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. V. Presser Emmerich, Franziska Adhäsion und Reibung an polymer-funkionalisierten Oberlächen Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. R. Bennewitz Engel, Jona Aligning Gold Nanorods Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. R. Birringer, Dr. T. Kraus Engel, Philipp Development of a detachment testing method for cells with AFM Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Fleischmann, Simon Atomic layer deposition of vanadium oxide on carbon substrates for hybrid energy storage devices Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. V. Presser Groß, Katja Untersuchung adhäsiver Eigenschaten von dreidimensio- nalen, mikroskopischen Saugnapfstukturen in Abhängig- keit von Geometrie und Material Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Hubertus, Jonas Embedding a temperature sensitive dispersion into a solid Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken PD Dr. G. Falk, Dr. T. Kraus Meyer, Lars-Arne Agglomeration behavior of aqueous PEG and ß-CD coated gold nanoparticle dispersions Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. G. Wenz, Dr. T. Kraus Müller, Anke Analyse und Optimierung des Sinterverfahrens zur Herstellung poröser Dämpferkörper aus UHMW-PE Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Schmitz, Carmen Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes – In Vitro Toxicity and Correlative Microscopy Hochschule Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern Prof. Dr. K.-H. Schäfer, Dr. A. Kraegeloh Simic, Dino Bestimmung der lokalen mechanischen Eigenschaten von Polymeren mitels Nanoindentation Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken Prof. Dr. R. Bennewitz

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 63 DOKTORANDEN / DOCTORAL STUDENTS GASTAUFENTHALTE / VISITING SCIENTISTS AND STUDENTS Alcantar, Samuel Benjamin, USA Altube, Dr. Ainhoa, Spanien Busom Descarrega, Josep, Spanien Choi, Hyeongseon, Südkorea Díez Sierra, Javier Àlvaro, Spanien Edongue, Dr. Hervais, Kamerun Kaasik, Friedrich, Estland Kim, Daekyu, Südkorea Kim, Geun, Südkorea Kim, Jun Min, Südkorea Li, Dr. Bin, China Lin, Hei Tung, Portugal Ma, Guoqiang, China Massuti-Ballester, Pau, Spanien Moreira Lana, Gabriela, Brasilien Piché, Dominique, Großbritannien Prada, Gabriela, Brasilien Ries, Lucie, Frankreich Rivera, Dr. Angel, Spanien Schlossberg, Sarah Mae, USA Sethuraman, Sathyamoorthi, Indien Tekeli, Mehmet Can, Türkei Zhao, Dr. Huaixia, China Ali, Awadelkareem, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. M. Veith, Universität des Saarlandes Barreau, Victoriia, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Brunke, Jessica, Prof. Dr. G. Kickelbick, Universität des Saarlandes Chopra, Vaishali, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Dörr, Tobias, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Drzic, Juraj, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Farrukh, Aleeza, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Feng, Jun, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Fischer, Sarah, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Fleischmann, Simon, Prof. Dr. V. Presser Hegetschweiler, Andreas, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Jäckel, Nicolas, Prof. Dr. V. Presser Jiang, Qiyang, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Jochem, Aljosha-Rakim, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Joseph, Desna, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Khan, Essak, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Kim, Seoungjun, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Kister, Thomas, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Krämer, Günther, Prof. Dr. R. Bennewitz Kümper, Alexander, PD Dr. K. Unfried, Universität Düsseldorf Kunnas, Peter, Prof. Dr. N. de Jonge Lee, Juhan, Prof. Dr. V. Presser Ma, Haoran, Prof. Dr. R. Bennewitz Maurer, Johannes, Prof. Dr. R. Bennewitz Özgün, Novaf, Prof. Dr. Dr. D. J. Strauss, Universität des Saarlandes / HTW Saar Purtov, Julia, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Reiser, Beate, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Rittgen, Kai, Prof. Dr. R. Bennewitz Srimuk, Pattarachai, Prof. Dr. V. Presser Staudt, Jana, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Támara Florez, Juan Carlos, Prof. Dr. G. Kickelbick, Universität des Saarlandes Tinnemann, Verena, Prof. Dr. E. Arzt Tolosa Rodriguez, Aura Monserrat, Prof. Dr. V. Presser Ustahüseyin, Oya, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Villiou, Maria, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Welck, Jennifer, Prof. Dr. A. Kiemer, Universität des Saarlandes Xiong, Xinhong, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Xue, Lulu, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Zeiger, Marco, Prof. Dr. V. Presser Zhang, Jingnang, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Zhao, Shifang, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo Zhou, Xiaozhuang, Prof. Dr. A. del Campo

64 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // PUBLIKATIONEN / PUBLICATIONS REFERIERTE PUBLIKATIONEN / PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS Im Jahr 2016 wurden insgesamt 144 Publikationen veröfentlicht, davon 110 Publikationen in referierten Zeitschriten und 34 sonstige Publikationen. (Stand: 31.03.2017) Eine Liste aller Publikationen inden Sie unter htp://www.leibniz-inm.de/publikationen In 2016, 144 publications were published, including 110 publications in peer-reviewed journals and 34 other publications. (As of 31.03.2017) A list of all publications are available on our website htp://www.leibniz-inm.de/ en/publications GRENZFLÄCHENMATERIALIEN / INTERFACE MATERIALS Energie-Materalien / Energy Materials M. Aslan, M. Zeiger, N. Jäckel, I. Grobelsek, D. Weingarth and V. Presser Improved capacitive deionization performance of mixed hydrophobic/hydrophilic activated carbon electrodes J Phys: Condens Mater 2016, 28, (11), 114003 [02.209 (2015)] doi:10.1088/0953-8984/28/11/114003 J. Busom, A. Schreiber, A. Tolosa, N. Jäckel, I. Grobelsek, N. J. Peter and V. Presser Sputering of sub-micrometer aluminum layers as compact, high-performance, light-weight current collector for supercapacitors J Power Sources 2016, 329, 432-440 [06.333 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.084 S. Fleischmann, N. Jäckel, M. Zeiger, B. Krüner, I. Grobelsek, P. Formanek, S. Choudhury, D. Weingarth and V. Presser Enhanced electrochemical energy storage by nanoscopic decoration of endohedral and exohedral carbon with vana- dium oxide via atomic layer deposition Chem Mater 2016, 28, (8), 2802-2813 [09.407 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00738 N. Jäckel, B. Krüner, K. L. Van Aken, M. Alhabeb, B. Anasori, F. Kaasik, Y. Gogotsi and V. Presser Electrochemical in Situ Tracking of Volumetric Changes in Two-Dimensional Metal Carbides (MXenes) in Ionic Liquids ACS Appl Mater Inter 2016, 8, (47), 32089-32093 [07.145 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acsami.6b11744 N. Jäckel, M. Rodner, A. Schreiber, J. Jeongwook, M. Zeiger, M. Aslan, D. Weingarth and V. Presser Anomalous or regular capacitance? he inluence of pore size dispersity on double-layer formation J Power Sources 2016, 326, 660-671 [06.333 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.03.015 N. Jäckel, P. Simon, Y. Gogotsi and V. Presser Increase in Capacitance by Subnanometer Pores in Carbon ACS Energy Let 2016, 1, (6), 1262-1265 [-] doi:10.1021/acsenergylet.6b00516 N. Jäckel, D. Weingarth, A. Schreiber, B. Krüner, M. Zeiger, A. Tolosa, M. Aslan and V. Presser Performance evaluation of conductive additives for activated carbon supercapacitors in organic electrolyte Electrochim Acta 2016, 191, 284-298 [04.803 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.065 B. Krüner, J. Lee, N. Jäckel, A. Tolosa and V. Presser Sub-micrometer novolac-derived carbon beads for high perfor- mance supercapacitors and redox electrolyte energy storage ACS Appl Mater Inter 2016, 8, (14), 9104-9115 [07.145 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acsami.6b00669 J. Lee, S. Choudhury, D. Weingarth, D. Kim and V. Presser High Performance Hybrid Energy Storage with Potassium Ferricyanide Redox Electrolyte ACS Appl Mater Inter 2016, 8, 23676-23687, S1-S7 [07.145 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acsami.6b06264 J. Lee, N. Jäckel, D. Kim, M. Widmaier, S. Sathyamoorthi, P. Srimuk, C. Kim, S. Fleischmann, M. Zeiger and V. Presser Porous carbon as a quasi-reference electrode in aqueous electrolytes Electrochim Acta 2016, 222, 1800-1805 [04.803 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.148 J. Lee, B. Krüner, A. Tolosa, S. Sathyamoorthi, D. Kim, S. Choudhury, K.-H. Seo and V. Presser Tin/vanadium redox electrolyte for batery-like energy storage capacity combined with supercapacitor-like power handling Energy Environ Sci 2016, 9, (11), 3392-3398 [25.427 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6ee00712k J. Lee, D. Weingarth, I. Grobelsek and V. Presser Use of surfactants for continuous operation of aqueous electrochemical low capacitors Energy Technol 2016, 4, (1), 75-84 [02.483 (2015)] doi:10.1002/ente.201500243 M. D. Levi, L. Daikhin, D. Aurbach and V. Presser uartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (EQCM-D) for in-situ studies of electrodes for supercapaci- tors and bateries: A mini-review Electrochem Commun 2016, 67, 16-21 [04.569 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2016.03.006 S. Porada, G. Feng, M. E. Suss and V. Presser Capacitive deionization in organic solutions: case study using propylene carbonate RSC Adv 2016, 6, (7), 5865-5870 [03.289 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c5ra20786j N. Shpigel, M. D. Levi, S. Sigalov, D. Aurbach, L. Daikhin and V. Presser Novel in situ multiharmonic EQCM-D approach to characterize complex carbon pore architectures for capacitive deionization of brackish water

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 65 J Phys: Condens Mater 2016, 28, (11), 114001 [02.209 (2015)] doi:10.1088/0953-8984/28/11/114001 N. Shpigel, M. D. Levi, S. Sigalov, O. Girshevitz, D. Aurbach, L. Daikhin, P. Pikma, M. Marandi, A. Jänes, E. Lust, N. Jäckel and V. Presser In situ hydrodynamic spectroscopy for structure characteri- zation of porous energy storage electrodes Nat Mater 2016, 15, (5), 570-575 [38.891 (2015)] doi:10.1038/nmat4577 N. Souza, F. Lasserre, A. Blickley, M. Zeiger, S. Suarez, M. Duarte, V. Presser and F. Muecklich Upcycling spent petroleum cracking catalyst: pulsed laser deposition of single-wall carbon nanotubes and silica nanowires RSC Adv 2016, 6, (76), 72596-72606 [03.289 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6ra15479d P. Srimuk, F. Kaasik, B. Kruner, A. Tolosa, S. Fleischmann, N. Jackel, M. C. Tekeli, M. Aslan, M. E. Suss and V. Presser MXene as a novel intercalation-type pseudocapacitive cathode and anode for capacitive deionization J Mater Chem A 2016, 4, (47), 18265-18271 [08.262 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6ta07833h P. Srimuk, L. Ries, M. Zeiger, S. Fleischmann, N. Jackel, A. Tolosa, B. Kruner, M. Aslan and V. Presser High performance stability of titania decorated carbon for desalination with capacitive deionization in oxygenated water RSC Adv 2016, 6, (108), 106081-106089 [03.289 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6ra22800c A. Tolosa, B. Kruner, S. Fleischmann, N. Jäckel, M. Zeiger, M. Aslan, I. Grobelsek and V. Presser Niobium carbide nanoibers as a versatile precursor for high power supercapacitor and high energy batery electrodes J Mater Chem A 2016, 4, (41), 16003-16016 [08.262 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6ta06224e A. Tolosa, B. Krüner, N. Jäckel, M. Aslan, C. Vakifahmetoglu and V. Presser Electrospinning and electrospraying of silicon oxycarbi- de-derived nanoporous carbon for supercapacitor electrodes J Power Sources 2016, 313, 178-188 [06.333 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.02.077 M. Widmaier, B. Krüner, N. Jäckel, M. Aslan, S. Fleischmann, C. Engel and V. Presser Carbon as uasi-Reference Electrode in Unconventional Lithium-Salt Containing Electrolytes for Hybrid Batery/ Supercapacitor Devices J Electrochem Soc 2016, 163, (14), A2956-A2964 [03.014 (2015)] doi:10.1149/2.0421614jes M. Zeiger, T. Ariyanto, B. Kruner, N. J. Peter, S. Fleisch- mann, B. J. M. Etzold and V. Presser Vanadium pentoxide/carbide-derived carbon core-shell hybrid particles for high performance electrochemical energy storage J Mater Chem A 2016, 4, (48), 18899-18909 [08.262 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6ta08900c M. Zeiger, S. Fleischmann, B. Kruner, A. Tolosa, S. Bechtel, M. Baltes, A. Schreiber, R. Moroni, S. Vierrath, S. Thiele and V. Presser Inluence of carbon substrate on the electrochemical perfor- mance of carbon/manganese oxide hybrids in aqueous and organic electrolytes RSC Adv 2016, 6, (109), 107163-107179 [03.289 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6ra24181f M. Zeiger, N. Jäckel, V. N. Mochalin and V. Presser Review: Carbon onions for electrochemical energy storage J Mater Chem A 2016, 4, (9), 3172-3196 [08.262 (2015)] doi:10.1039/C5TA08295A Funktionelle Mikrostrukturen / Functional Microstructures R. Balijepalli, M. R. Begley, N. A. Fleck, R. M. McMeeking and E. Arzt Numerical simulation of the edge stress singularity and the adhesion strength for compliant mushroom ibrils adhered to rigid substrates Int J Solids Struct 2016, 85-86, 160-171 [02.081 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.02.018 V. Barreau, R. Hensel, N. K. Guimard, A. Ghatak, R. M. McMeeking and E. Arzt Fibrillar elastomeric micropaterns create tunable adhesion even to rough surfaces Adv Funct Mater 2016, 26, (26), 4687-4694 [11.382 (2015)] doi:10.1002/adfm.201600652 S. A. Brinckmann, M. Frensemeier, C. M. Laursen, H. J. Maier, D. Britz, A. S. Schneider, F. Mücklich and C. P. Frick Efect of indentation temperature on nickel-titanium inden- tation-induced two-way shape-memory surfaces Mat Sci Eng A 2016, 675, 253-261 [02.647 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.msea.2016.08.036 D. Brodoceanu, C. T. Bauer, E. Kroner, E. Arzt and T. Kraus Hierarchical bioinspired adhesive surfaces—a review Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 2016, 11, (5), 051001 [02.891 (2015)] doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/5/051001 Y. Cui, O. Torrents Abad, F. Wang, P. Huang, T.-J. Lu, K.-W. Xu and J. Wang Plastic deformation modes of CuZr/Cu multilayers Sci Rep 2016, 6, 23306 [05.228 (2015)] doi:10.1038/srep23306 M. Eder, M. Koch, C. Muth, A. Rutz and I. M. Weiss In vivo modiied organic matrix for testing biomineralizati- on-related protein functions in diferentiated Dictyostelium on calcite J Struc Biol 2016, 196, (2), 85-97 [02.570 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2016.03.015 S. C. L. Fischer, O. Levy, E. Kroner, R. Hensel, J. M. Karp and E. Arzt Bioinspired polydimethylsiloxane-based composites with high shear resistance against wet tissue J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016, 61, 87-95 [02.876 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.01.014

66 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // PUBLIKATIONEN / PUBLICATIONS M. Frensemeier, D. Schirra, M. Weinmann, O. Weber and E. Kroner Shape-memory topographies on nickel–titanium alloys trained by embossing and pulse electrochemical machining Adv Eng Mater 2016, 18, (8), 1388-1395 [01.817 (2015)] doi:10.1002/adem.201600012 D. Brodoceanu, H. Z. Alhmoud, R. Elnathan, B. Delalat, N. H. Voelcker and T. Kraus Fabrication of silicon nanowire arrays by near-ield laser ablation and metal-assisted chemical etching Nanotechnology 2016, 27, (7), 075301 [03.573 (2015)] doi:10.1088/0957-4484/27/7/075301 R. Hensel, C. Neinhuis and C. Werner he springtail cuticle as a blueprint for omniphobic surfaces Chem Soc Rev 2016, 45, (2), 323-341 [34.090 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c5cs00438a J. Hermannsdörfer, V. Tinnemann, D. B. Peckys and N. de Jonge he efect of electron beam irradiation in environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy of whole cells in liquid Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (03), 656-665 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/S1431927616000763 A. C. Roy, M. Yadav, E. P. Arul, A. Khanna and A. Ghatak Generation of aspherical optical lenses via arrested sprea- ding and pinching of a cross-linkable liquid Langmuir 2016, 32, (21), 5356-5364 [03.993 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04631 O. Torrents Abad, J. M. Wheeler, J. Michler, A. S. Schneider and E. Arzt Temperature-dependent size efects on the strength of Ta and W micropillars Acta Mater 2016, 103, 483-494 [05.058 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2015.10.016 D. Brodoceanu, C. T. Bauer, E. Kroner, E. Arzt and T. Kraus Hierarchical bioinspired adhesive surfaces—a review Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 2016, 11, (5), 051001 [02.891 (2015)] doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/5/051001 L. Gonzalez-Garcia, J. H. M. Maurer, B. Reiser, I. Kanelidis and T. Kraus Ultrathin gold nanowires for transparent electronics: Breaking barriers Procedia Engineering~ 2016, 141, 152-156 [-] doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1120 A.-R. Jochem, G. N. Ankah, L.-A. Meyer, S. Elsenberg, C. Johann and T. Kraus Colloidal Mechanisms of Gold Nanoparticle Loss in Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation Anal Chem 2016, 88, 10065-10073 [05.886 (2015)] 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02397 T. Kister, M. Mravlak, T. Schilling and T. Kraus Pressure-controlled formation of crystalline, Janus, and core-shell supraparticles Nanoscale 2016, 8, (27), 13377-13384 [07.760 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6nr01940d M. Zamanzade, J. R. Velayarce, O. Torrents Abad, C. Motz and A. Barnoush Mechanical behavior of iron aluminides: A comparison of nanoindentation, compression and bending of micropillars Mat Sci Eng A 2016, 652, 370-376 [02.647 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.msea.2015.11.088 J. H. M. Maurer, L. Gonzalez-Garcia, B. Reiser, I. Kanelidis and T. Kraus Ultrathin gold nanowires for transparent electronics: Sot sintering and temperature stability Phys Status Solidi A 2016, 2013, 2336-2340 [01.648 (2015)] doi:10.1002/pssa.201532874 Nanotribologie / Nanotribology M.-D. Kraß, N. N. Gosvami, R. W. Carpick, M. H. Müser and R. Bennewitz Dynamic shear force microscopy of viscosity in nanome- ter-conined hexadecane layers J Phys: Condens Mater 2016, 28, (13), 134004 [02.209 (2015)] doi:10.1088/0953-8984/28/13/134004 X.-Q. Pei, L.-Y. Lin, A. K. Schlarb and R. Bennewitz Novel Experiments Reveal Scratching and Transfer Film Mechanisms in the Sliding of the PEEK/Steel Tribosystem Tribology leters 2016, 63, (3), 1-9 [01.758 (2015)] doi:10.1007/s11249-016-0732-5 J. H. M. Maurer, L. González-García, B. Reiser, I. Kanelidis and T. Kraus Templated self-assembly of ultrathin gold nanowires by nanoimprinting for transparent lexible electronics Nano Let 2016, 16, (5), 2921-2925 [13.779 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acs.nanolet.5b04319 E. Moore, A. T. Zill, C. A. Anderson, A. R. Jochem, S. C. Zimmerman, C. S. Bonder, T. Kraus, H. Thissen and N. H. Voelcker Synthesis and Conjugation of Alkyne-Functional Hyperbranched Polyglycerols Macromol Chem Phys 2016, 217, 2252-2261 [02.616 (2015)] doi:10.1002/macp.201500507 Strukturbildung / Structure Formation G. N. Ankah, P. Büchele, K. Poulsen, T. Rauch, S. F. Tedde, C. Gimmler, O. Schmidt and T. Kraus PbS quantum dot based hybrid-organic photodetectors for X-ray sensing Organic Electronics 2016, 33, 201-206 [03.471 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2016.03.023 D. Bellet and T. Kraus Preface: Transparent conductive materials; from fundamental understanding to applications Phys Status Solidi A 2016, 213, (9), 2290 [01.648 (2015)] doi:10.1002/pssa.201670662 M. Mravlak, T. Kister, T. Kraus and T. Schilling Structure diagram of binary Lennard-Jones clusters J Chem Phys 2016, 145, (2), 024302 [02.894 (2015)] doi:htp://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4954938 B. Reiser, D. Gerstner, L. Gonzalez-Garcia, J. H. M. Maurer, I. Kanelidis and T. Kraus Multivalent bonds in self-assembled bundles of ultrathin gold nanowires Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18, (39), 27165-27169 [04.449 (2015)] 10.1039/c6cp05181b

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 67 B. Reiser, L. Gonzalez-Garcia, I. Kanelidis, J. H. M. Maurer and T. Kraus Gold nanorods with conjugated polymer ligands: sintering-free conductive inks for printed electronics Chem Sci 2016, 7, (7), 4190-4196 [09.144 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6sc00142d S. Shafaei, D. Van Opdenbosch, T. Fey, M. Koch, T. Kraus, J. P. Guggenbichle and C. Zollfrank Enhancement of the antimicrobial properties of orthorhom- bic molybdenum trioxide by thermal induced fracturing of the hydrates Mat Sci Eng C 2016, 58, 1064-1070 [03.420 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.069 P. Zhang, G. Santoro, S. Yu, S. K. Vayalil, S. Bommel and S. V. Roth Manipulating the assembly of spray-deposited nanocol- loids: In situ study and monolayer ilm preparation Langmuir 2016, 32, (17), 4251-4258 [03.993 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00892 Schaltbare Mikroluidik / Switchable Microluidics I. Jeon, J. Cui, W. R. K. Illeperuma, J. Aizenberg and J. J. Vlassak Extremely stretchable and fast self-healing hydrogels Adv Mater 2016, 28, (23), 4678-4683 [18.960 (2015)] doi:10.1002/adma.201600480 L. O. Prieto-López and J. Cui 'Semi-closed' microluidics systems in the modiication of surface adhesion J Phys Chem Biophys 2016, 6, (1), 200 [-] doi:10.4172/2161-0398.1000200 L. O. Prieto-López and J. A. Williams Using microluidics to control sot adhesion J Adhes Sci Technol 2016, 30, (14), 1555-1573 [00.863 (2015)] doi:10.1080/01694243.2016.1155878 H. Zhao, J. Xu, G. Jing, L. O. Prieto-López, X. Deng and J. Cui Controlling the Localization of Liquid Droplets in Polymer Matrices by Evaporative Lithography Angew Chem Int Edit 2016, 55, (36), 10681-10685 [11.709 (2015)] doi:10.1002/anie.201604868 Schaltbare Oberlächen / Switchable Surfaces D. Brodoceanu, C. T. Bauer, E. Kroner, E. Arzt and T. Kraus Hierarchical bioinspired adhesive surfaces—a review Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 2016, 11, (5), 051001 [02.891 (2015)] doi:10.1088/1748-3190/11/5/051001 S. C. L. Fischer, O. Levy, E. Kroner, R. Hensel, J. M. Karp and E. Arzt Bioinspired polydimethylsiloxane-based composites with high shear resistance against wet tissue J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016, 61, 87-95 [02.876 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.01.014 M. Frensemeier, D. Schirra, M. Weinmann, O. Weber and E. Kroner Shape-memory topographies on nickel–titanium alloys trained by embossing and pulse electrochemical machining Adv Eng Mater 2016, 18, (8), 1388-1395 [01.817 (2015)] doi:10.1002/adem.201600012 BIOGRENZFLÄCHEN / BIO INTERFACES Biomineralisation / Biomineralization M. Eder, M. Koch, C. Muth, A. Rutz and I. M. Weiss In vivo modiied organic matrix for testing biomineralizati- on-related protein functions in diferentiated Dictyostelium on calcite J Struc Biol 2016, 196, (2), 85-97 [02.570 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2016.03.015 M. Eder, C. Muth and I. M. Weiss Datasets from a vapor difusion mineral precipitation protocol for Dictyostelium stalks Data in Brief 2016, 7, 1396-1404 [-] doi:10.1016/j.dib.2016.04.019 E. Weber, I. M. Weiss, H. Colfen and M. Kellermeier Recombinant perlucin derivatives inluence the nucleation of calcium carbonate CrystEngComm 2016, 18, (43), 8439-8444 [03.849 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6ce01878e CVD/Biooberlächen / CVD/Biosurfaces A. A. Ali, V. Huch, C. Aktas and M. Veith Cyclopentanolates of Aluminum Hydride/Aluminum Chlo- ride forming Aluminum-Oxygen-Hetero-Cages and Mixed Coordination Oligomers Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016, 642, (18), 973-978 [01.261 (2015)] doi:10.1002/zaac.201600217 K. Kiefer, G. Akpınar, A. Haidar, T. Ikier, C. K. Akkan, E. Akman, J. Lee, M. Martinez Miró, E. Kaçar, A. Demir, M. Veith, D. Ural, M. Kasap, M. Kesmez, H. Abdul-Khaliq and O. C. Aktas Al2O3 micro- and nanostructures afect vascular cell res- ponse RSC Adv 2016, 6, (21), 17460-17469 [03.289 (2015)] doi:10.1039/C5RA21775J K. Kiefer, M. Amlung, O. C. Aktas, P. W. de Oliveira and H. Abdul-Khaliq Novel glass-like coatings for cardiovascular implant application: Preparation, characterization and cellular interaction Mat Sci Eng C 2016, 58, 812-816 [03.420 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.063 M. W. Laschke, V. A. Augustin, F. Sahin, D. Anschütz, W. Metzger, C. Scheuer, M. Bischoff, O. C. Aktas and M. D. Menger Surface modiication by plasma etching impairs early vascularization and tissue incorporation of porous polyethylene (Medpor®) implants J Biomed Mater Res B 2016, 104, (8), 1738-1748 [02.881 (2015)] doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33528 M. Veith, H. Smail-Bubel, S. Nadig and V. Huch Syntheses and structures of acetyl-acetonato-alumo-diphe- nylsilanolates with magnesium(II), iron(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016, 642, (3), 204-210 [01.261 (2015)] doi:10.1002/zaac.201500758

68 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // PUBLIKATIONEN / PUBLICATIONS Dynamische Biomateralien / Dynamic Biomaterials A. Farrukh, J. I. Paez, M. Salierno and A. del Campo Bioconjugating thiols to poly(acrylamide) gels for cell culture using methylsulfonyl co-monomers Angew Chem Int Edit 2016, 55, (6), 2092-2096 [11.709 (2015)] doi:10.1002/anie.201509986 K. Kiefer, G. Akpınar, A. Haidar, T. Ikier, C. K. Akkan, E. Akman, J. Lee, M. Martinez Miró, E. Kaçar, A. Demir, M. Veith, D. Ural, M. Kasap, M. Kesmez, H. Abdul-Khaliq and O. C. Aktas Al2O3 micro- and nanostructures afect vascular cell response RSC Adv 2016, 6, (21), 17460-17469 [03.289 (2015)] doi:10.1039/C5RA21775J M. W. Laschke, V. A. Augustin, F. Sahin, D. Anschütz, W. Metzger, C. Scheuer, M. Bischoff, O. C. Aktas and M. D. Menger Surface modiication by plasma etching impairs early vascularization and tissue incorporation of porous polyethylene (Medpor®) implants J Biomed Mater Res B 2016, 104, (8), 1738-1748 [02.881 (2015)] doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33528 J. W. Neubauer, L. Xue, J. Erath, D. M. Drotlef, A. del Campo and A. Fery Monitoring the contact stress distribution of gecko-inspired adhesives using mechano-sensitive surface coatings ACS Appl Mater Inter 2016, 8, (28), 17870-17877 [07.145 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acsami.6b05327 J. T. Pham, L. Xue, A. del Campo and M. Salierno Guiding cell migration with microscale stifness paterns and undulated surfaces Acta Biomater 2016, 38, 106-115 [06.008 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.031 M. J. Salierno, L. García-Fernandez, N. Carabelos, K. Kiefer, A. J. García and A. del Campo Phototriggered ibril-like environments arbitrate cell esca- pes and migration from endothelial monolayers Biomaterials 2016, 82, 113-123 [08.387 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.001 L. Xue, J. T. Pham, J. Iturri and A. del Campo Stick-slip friction of PDMS surfaces for bioinspired adhesives Langmuir 2016, 32, (10), 2428-2435 [03.993 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00513 Nano Zell Interaktionen / Nano Cell Interactions J. Y. Kasper, M. I. Hermanns, C. Cavelius, A. Kraegeloh, T. Jung, R. Danzebrink, R. E. Unger and C. J. Kirkpatrick he role of the intestinal microvasculature in inlammatory bowel disease: studies with a modiied Caco-2 model including endothelial cells resembling the intestinal barrier in vitro Int J Nanomedicine 2016, 11, 6353-6364 [4.320 (2015)] doi:10.2147/IJN.S92608 M. Kucki, P. Rupper, C. Sarrieu, M. Melucci, E. Treossi, A. Schwarz, V. Leon, A. Kraegeloh, E. Flahaut, E. Vazquez, V. Palermo and P. Wick Interaction of graphene-related materials with human intestinal cells: an in vitro approach Nanoscale 2016, 8, (16), 8749-8760 [07.760 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c6nr00319b H. Peuschel, T. Ruckelshausen, S. Kiefer, Y. E. Silina and A. Kraegeloh Penetration of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots into diferentiated vs undiferentiated Caco-2 cells J Nanobiotechnol 2016, 14, (1), Art. no 70 [04.240 (2015)] doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0222-9 Y. E. Silina, C. Fink-Straube, R. G. Hanselmann, H. Peuschel and D. A. Volmer p-Coumaric acid, a novel and efective biomarker for quan- tifying hypoxic stress by HILIC-ESI-MS J Chromatogr B 2016, 1020, 6-13 [02.687 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.005 Y. E. Silina, J. Welck, A. Kraegeloh, M. Koch and C. Fink-Straube Interactions between DPPC as a component of lung surfac- tant and amorphous silica nanoparticles investigated by HILIC-ESI–MS J Chromatogr B 2016, 1029–1030, 222-229 [02.687 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.014 NANOKOMPOSIT-MATERIALIEN / NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS Optische Materialien / Optical Materials A. A. Ali, V. Huch, C. Aktas and M. Veith Cyclopentanolates of Aluminum Hydride/Aluminum Chlo- ride forming Aluminum-Oxygen-Hetero-Cages and Mixed Coordination Oligomers Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016, 642, (18), 973-978 [01.261 (2015)] doi:10.1002/zaac.201600217 A. S. Delbari, S. A. Jafari Mohammadi, A. S. Shahvelayati, P. W. de Oliveira and S. H. Mousavi he efect of deweting process on structural and optical properties of one dimensional ZnO nanostructures Ceram Int 2016, 42, (6), 7475-7481 [02.758 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.01.153 K. Kiefer, M. Amlung, O. C. Aktas, P. W. de Oliveira and H. Abdul-Khaliq Novel glass-like coatings for cardiovascular implant application: Preparation, characterization and cellular interaction Mat Sci Eng C 2016, 58, 812-816 [03.420 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.063 S. H. Mousavi, T. S. Müller, R. Karos and P. W. de Oliveira Faster synthesis of CIGS nanoparticles using a modiied solvothermal method J Alloy Comp 2016, 659, 178-183 [03.014 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.261 N. Müller, C. Heinrich, K. Abersfelder and G. Kickelbick Janus-Partikel Chem Unserer Zeit 2016, 50, (6), 392-399 [0.258 (2015)] doi:10.1002/ciuz.201600730

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 69 L. Niewöhner, M. Barth, D. Neimke, S. Latzel, A. Stamouli, B. Nys, L. Gunaratnam, K. Fries, S. Uhlig and H. Baldauf Development, design, and realization of a proiciency test for the forensic determination of shooting distances - FDSD 2015 Forensic Chemistry~ 2016, 1, 22-30 [-] doi:10.1016/j.forc.2016.06.002 A. Verch, J. Purtov and N. de Jonge he Nucleation and Weting Behavior at Hydrophilic, Polyacrylate Nanostructures Fabricated via Direct Laser Writing Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (S5), 84-85 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/s1431927616012459 QUERSCHNITTSBEREICHE / CROSS LINKING ACTIVITIES Innovative Elektronenmikroskopie / Innovative Electron Microscopy A. Bachmaier, J. Schmauch, H. Aboulfadl, A. Verch and C. Motz On the process of co-deformation and phase dissolution in a hard-sot immiscible CuCo alloy system during high-pressure torsion deformation Acta Mater 2016, 115, 333-346 [05.058 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.010 T. Dahmen, N. de Jonge, P. Trampert, M. Engstler, C. Pauly, F. Mücklich and P. Slusallek "Smart Micrsocopy": Feature based adaptive sampling for focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (S3), 632-633 [01.730 (20159] doi:10.1017/S1431927616011491 T. Dahmen, M. Engstler, C. Pauly, P. Trampert, N. de Jonge, F. Mücklich and P. Slusallek Feature adaptive sampling for scanning electron microscopy Sci Rep 2016, 6, 25350 [05.228 (2015)] doi:10.1038/srep25350 T. Dahmen, P. Trampert, N. de Jonge and P. Slusallek Advanced recording schemes for electron tomography MRS Bull 2016, 41, (7), 537-541 [06.060 (2015)] doi: 10.1557/mrs.2016.135 I. N. Dahmke, J. Hermannsdörfer, R. Weatherup, S. Hofmann, D. Peckys and N. de Jonge Electron Microscopy of Single Cells in Liquid for Stoichio- metric Analysis of Transmembrane Proteins Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (S5), 74-75 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/s143192761601240x N. de Jonge, K. Mølhave and D. Alloyeau Conference on In Situ and Correlative Electron Microscopy (CISCEM 2016) Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (S5), 1-3 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/s1431927616012034 N. de Jonge and D. B. Peckys Live Cell Electron Microscopy Is Probably Impossible ACS Nano 2016, 10, (10), 9061-9063 [13.334 (2015)] doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b02809 N. de Jonge, F. M. Ross and C. Wang De Jonge, Ross, and Wang to receive MRS Innovation in Materials Characterization Award MRS Bull 2016, 41, (3), 242-243 [6.060 (2015)] doi:10.1557/mrs.2016.42 J. Hermannsdörfer, V. Tinnemann, D. B. Peckys and N. de Jonge he efect of electron beam irradiation in environmental scan- ning transmission electron microscopy of whole cells in liquid Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (03), 656-665 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/S1431927616000763 D. Peckys, U. Korf, S. Wiemann and N. de Jonge Role of Heterogeneity in Cancer Cells Examined through uantitative Analysis of Single HER2 Protein Distribution and Activation Status Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (S5), 26-27 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/s1431927616012150 D. B. Peckys, D. Alansary, B. A. Niemeyer and N. de Jonge Visualizing quantum dot labeled ORAI1 proteins in intact cells via correlative light and electron microscopy Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (4), 902-912 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/S1431927616011491 D. B. Peckys and N. de Jonge Distinct HER2 distribution and homo-dimerization paterns on subpopulations of breast cancer cells -correlative light- and electron microscopy in liquid for cancer stem cell characterization EJC 2016, 61, (Suppl. 1), S81 [06.163 (2015)] doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61281-9 F. M. Ross, C. Wang and N. de Jonge Transmission electron microscopy of specimens and processes in liquids MRS Bulletin 2016, 41, (10), 791-803 [6.06 (2015)] doi:10.1557/mrs.2016.212 A. Verch and N. de Jonge Depth dependence of the spatial resolution in scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (S3), 802-803 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/S1431927616011491 A. Verch, J. Purtov and N. de Jonge he Nucleation and Weting Behavior at Hydrophilic, Poly- acrylate Nanostructures Fabricated via Direct Laser Writing Microsc Microanal 2016, 22, (S5), 84-85 [01.730 (2015)] doi:10.1017/s1431927616012459 E. Weber, A. Verch, D. Levy, A. N. Fitch and B. Pokroy Amorphous biogenic calcium oxalate ChemistrySelect 2016, 1, (2), 132-135 [-] doi:10.1002/slct.201600039 InnovationsZentrum INM / InnovationCenter INM N. Müller, C. Heinrich, K. Abersfelder and G. Kickelbick Janus-Partikel Chem Unserer Zeit 2016, 50, (6), 392-399 [0.258 (2015)] doi:10.1002/ciuz.201600730

70 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // PUBLIKATIONEN / PUBLICATIONS Modellierung/Simulation / Modelling/Simulation M. Bacca, J. A. Booth, K. L. Turner and R. M. McMeeking Load sharing in Bioinspired ibrillar adhesives with backing layer interactions and interfacial misalignment J Mech Phys Solids 2016, 96, 428-444 [03.875 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2016.04.008 M. Bacca and R. M. McMeeking Latent heat saturation in microstructural evolution by severe plastic deformation Int J Plasticity 2016, 83, 74-89 [05.623 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.04.004 R. Balijepalli, M. R. Begley, N. A. Fleck, R. M. McMeeking and E. Arzt Numerical simulation of the edge stress singularity and the adhesion strength for compliant mushroom ibrils adhered to rigid substrates Int J Solids Struct 2016, 85-86, 160-171 [02.081 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.02.018 V. Barreau, R. Hensel, N. K. Guimard, A. Ghatak, R. M. McMeeking and E. Arzt Fibrillar elastomeric micropaterns create tunable adhesion even to rough surfaces Adv Funct Mater 2016, 26, (26), 4687-4694 [11.382 (2015)] doi:10.1002/adfm.201600652 S. M. A. Jiménez and R. M. McMeeking A constitutive law for dielectric elastomers subject to high levels of stretch during combined electrostatic and mechanical loading: Elastomer stifening and deformation dependent dielectric permitivity International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 2016, 87, 125-136 [1.920 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2016.10.004 M. Klinsmann, D. Rosato, M. Kamlah and R. M. McMeeking Modeling crack growth during Li extraction in storage particles using a fracture phase ield approach J Electrochem Soc 2016, 163, (2), A102-A118 [03.014 (2015)] doi:10.1149/2.0281602jes M. Klinsmann, D. Rosato, M. Kamlah and R. M. McMeeking Modeling crack growth during Li insertion in storage particles using a fracture phase ield approach J Mech Phys Solids 2016, 92, 313-344 [03.875 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2016.04.004 M. Klinsmann, D. Rosato, M. Kamlah and R. M. McMeeking Modeling crack growth during Li extraction and insertion within the second half cycle J Power Sources 2016, 331, 32-42 [06.333 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.142 R. T. Purkayastha and R. M. McMeeking Stress due to the intercalation of lithium in cubic-shaped particles: a parameter study Meccanica 2016, 51, 3081-3096 [01.828 (2015)] doi:10.1007/s11012-016-0540-x PROGRAMMBEREICHSUNGEBUNDEN / NOT LINKED TO A PROGRAM DIVISION Chemische Analytik / Chemical Analytics C. T. T. Le, T. Brumbarova, R. Ivanov, C. Stoof, E. Weber, J. Mohrbacher, C. Fink-Straube and P. Bauer Zinc inger of arabidopsis thaliana12 (ZAT12) interacts with fer-like iron deiciency-induced transcription factor (FIT) linking iron deiciency and oxidative stress responses Plant Physiol 2016, 170, (1), 540-557 [06.280 (2015)] doi:10.1104/pp.15.01589 H. Peuschel, T. Ruckelshausen, S. Kiefer, Y. E. Silina and A. Kraegeloh Penetration of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots into diferentiated vs undiferentiated Caco-2 cells J Nanobiotechnol 2016, 14, (1), Art. no 70 [04.240 (2015)] doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0222-9 Y. E. Silina, C. Fink-Straube, R. G. Hanselmann, H. Peuschel and D. A. Volmer p-Coumaric acid, a novel and efective biomarker for quantifying hypoxic stress by HILIC-ESI-MS J Chromatogr B 2016, 1020, 6-13 [02.687 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.005 Y. E. Silina, T. A. Kychmenko and M. Koch Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide ilms for UV/vis detection of noble and non-noble metals Anal Methods 2016, 8, (1), 45-51 [01.915 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c5ay02498f Y. E. Silina, J. Welck, A. Kraegeloh, M. Koch and C. Fink-Straube Interactions between DPPC as a component of lung surfactant and amorphous silica nanoparticles investigated by HILIC-ESI–MS J Chromatogr B 2016, 1029–1030, 222-229 [02.687 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.014 W. Wu, R. M. Guijt, Y. E. Silina, M. Koch and A. Manz Plant leaves as templates for sot lithography RSC Adv 2016, 6, (27), 22469-22475 [03.289 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c5ra25890a Physikalische Analytik / Physical Analytics M. Eder, M. Koch, C. Muth, A. Rutz and I. M. Weiss In vivo modiied organic matrix for testing biomineralizati- on-related protein functions in diferentiated Dictyostelium on calcite J Struc Biol 2016, 196, (2), 85-97 [02.570 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2016.03.015 S.H. Mousavi, T.S. Müller, R. Karos, P.W. de Oliveira Faster synthesis of CIGS nanoparticles using a modiied solvothermal method J Alloy Comp 2016, 659, 178-183 [03.014 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.261 S. Shafaei, D. Van Opdenbosch, T. Fey, M. Koch, T. Kraus, J. P. Guggenbichle and C. Zollfrank Enhancement of the antimicrobial properties of orthorhom- bic molybdenum trioxide by thermal induced fracturing of the hydrates Mat Sci Eng C 2016, 58, 1064-1070 [03.420 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.069

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 71 Y. E. Silina, T. A. Kychmenko and M. Koch Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide ilms for UV/ vis detection of noble and non-noble metals Anal Methods 2016, 8, (1), 45-51 [01.915 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c5ay02498f Y. E. Silina, J. Welck, A. Kraegeloh, M. Koch and C. Fink-Straube Interactions between DPPC as a component of lung surfactant and amorphous silica nanoparticles investigated by HILIC-ESI–MS J Chromatogr B 2016, 1029–1030, 222-229 [02.687 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.014 W. Wu, R. M. Guijt, Y. E. Silina, M. Koch and A. Manz Plant leaves as templates for sot lithography RSC Adv 2016, 6, (27), 22469-22475 [03.289 (2015)] doi:10.1039/c5ra25890a INM Fellows und Weitere / INM Fellows and others M. Albrecht, L. Lin and A. K. Schlarb Experimental investigation, modeling and simulation of the deformation behavior of vibration welded nanocomposites Zeitschrit Kunststotechnik/Journal of Plastics Technology~ 2016, 2016, (3), 184-204 [-] doi:10.3139/o999.03032016 L. Lin and A. K. Schlarb Efect of the varied load conditions on the tribological performance and the thermal characteristics of PEEK-based hybrid composites Tribol Int 2016, 101, 218-225 [02.259 (2015)] doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2016.04.025 L. Lin and A. K. Schlarb Improved weld strength of vibration welded polyoxymethy- lene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes hybrid nanocomposites Polym Eng Sci 2016, 56, (6), 636-642 [01.719 (2015)] doi:10.1002/pen.24289 J. D. McGraw, T. S. Chan, S. Maurer, T. Salez, M. Benzaquen, E. Raphaël, M. Brinkmann and K. Jacobs Slip-mediated deweting of polymer microdroplets P Natl Acad Sci USA 2016, 113, (5), 1168-1173 [09.423 (2015)] doi:10.1073/pnas.1513565113 Z. Mortezapouraghdam, R. C. Wilson, L. Schwabe and D. J. Strauss Bayesian modeling of the dynamics of phase modulations and their application to auditory event related potentials at diferent loudness scales Front Comput Neurosci 2016, 10, Article 2 [02.653 (2015)] doi:10.3389/fncom.2016.00002 N. Müller, C. Heinrich, K. Abersfelder and G. Kickelbick Janus-Partikel Chem Unserer Zeit 2016, 50, (6), 392-399 [0.258 (2015)] doi:10.1002/ciuz.201600730 B. Suksut and A. K. Schlarb Inluence of TiO2 nanoparticles on nonisothermal crystal- lization of PP in a wide range of cooling rates analyzed by fast scanning DSC J Appl Polym Sci 2016, 133, (37), 43944 [01.866 (2015)] doi:10.1002/app.43944

72 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // EINGELADENE VORTRÄGE / INVITED TALKS EINGELADENE VORTRÄGE / INVITED TALKS Im Jahr 2016 wurden insgesamt 256 Vorträge gehalten, davon 91 eingeladene wissenschatliche Vorträge und 165 sonstige Vorträge. Eine Liste aller Vorträge inden Sie unter htp://www.leibniz-inm.de/publikationen In 2016, 256 talks were given, including 91 invited talks and 165 other talks. A list of all talks are available on our website htp://www.leibniz-inm.de/en/publications GRENZFLÄCHENMATERIALIEN / INTERFACE MATERIALS Energie-Materalien / Energy Materials S. Choudhury, M. Stamm, L. Ionov and V. Presser Litium-sulfur bateries: an emerging energy technology towards the smart car concept January 4, 2016; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur) <Kharagpur, India> N. Jäckel, M. Zeiger, D. Weingarth and V. Presser Nanodiamond-derivced carbon onions as conductive additive and active electrode material for double layer capacitors Spring meeting of the Materials Research Society (MRS); March 28 - April 01, 2016; Phoenix <AZ, USA> J. Lee and V. Presser Performance and optimization of a low capacitor with surfactants under continuous low operation Workshop on Interfaces and Fluid Electrodes: New Condeptual Explorations; February 26, 2016; Barcelona <Spain> C. Prehal, C. Koczwara, R. T. Lechner, H. Amenitsch, V. Presser and O. Paris In-operando SAXS for energy applications ICTP - SAXS on nanosystems: current trends and perspectives; October 10-12, 2016; Trieste <Italy> V. Presser Nanoporous carbons and double-layer capacitance: a dynamic duo to store and generate energy and to clean water Friedrich Schiller University; January 21, 2016; Jena <Germany> V. Presser Capacitive deionization – an emerging water treatment technology Montanunversität Leoben <Leoben, Austria>; March 1, 2016; V. Presser Capacitive deinoization - an emerging water treatment technology April 8, 2016; Wacker Chemie AG <Burghausen, Germany> V. Presser Redox-enabling supercapacitors for high performance energy storage April 28, 2016; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces <Potsdam, Germany> V. Presser Redox-enabling supercapacitors for high performance energy storage July 20, 2016; INP - Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology <Greifswald, Germany> V. Presser Design of capacitive nanoporous carbon electrods for water desalination via capacitive deionization 67th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Elec- trochemistry (ISE); August 21-26, 2016; he Hague <NL> V. Presser Carbons – Energy Storage – Sustainability October 6, 2016; Justus Liebig University <Gießen, Germany> A. Tolosa, M. Zeiger, N. Jäckel and V. Presser Electrospinning of supercapacitor and hybrid energy storage electrodes Electrospinning for Energy Conference (ELEN2016); June 22-24, 2016; Montpellier <France> M. Zeiger, N. Jäckel and V. Presser Spicy energy storage: electrochemical applications of nanodiamond-derived carbon onions Spring meeting of the Materials Research Society (RS); March 28 - April 1, 2016; Phoenix <AZ, USA> M. Zeiger, J. Lee, N. Jäckel and V. Presser Beyond the double layer: advanced supercapacitors and redox hybrids for electrochemical energy storage Spring Meeting Arbeitskreis Kohlenstof (AKK) of the German Ceramic Society (DGK); April 25-26, 2016; Meitingen <Germany> Funktionelle Mikrostrukturen / Functional Microstructures E. Arzt Antrieb und Hatung: Podiumsdiskussion Spark Nights by Audi; Audi City Lab January 21, 2016; Berlin <Germany> E. Arzt Microstructure to modulate adhesion: from science to product IUTAM Symposium on Filling Gaps in Material Property Space; Cambridge University March 13-16, 2016; Cambridge <UK> E. Arzt Bioinspird paterned adhesives: from science to product development MRS Spring Meeting March 30, 2016; Phoenix <AZ, USA>

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 73 E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces Stanford University, Department of mechanical Engineering April 19, 2016; Stanford <CA, USA> R. Hensel, K. Moh and E. Arzt Innovative Greifsysteme auf Basis schaltbarer Oberlächen, 38. Ulmer Gespräch May 13, 2016; Neu-Ulm <Germany> E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces Stanford University, Department of Materials, Science and Engineering April 21, 2016; Stanford <CA, USA> E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces Amazon Lab 126 April 26, 2016; Sunnyvale <CA, USA> E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces Apple Inc. April 28, 2016; Cupertino <CA, USA> E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces University of California, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering May 17, 2016; Santa Barbara <CA, USA> E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces University of California, Department of Engineering Materials May 18, 2016; Santa Barbara <CA, USA> E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces University of California, Materials Department, College of Engineering May 19, 2016; Santa Barbara <CA, USA> E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces University of California, Mechanics of microscale Systems Lab May 19, 2016; Santa Barbara <CA, USA> E. Arzt Engineering of bioinspired functional surfaces hermec, Inaugural Distinguished Plenary Lecture; May 30, 2016; Graz <Austria> E. Arzt Bioinspired paterned surfaces: simulation-guided develop- ment of new functionalities Yunchuan Aisinjioro-Soo Distinguished Lecture; University of Illinois November 3, 2016; Champaign <IL, USA> E. Arzt Bioinspired surfaces – from science to application 12th IPF Colloquium; IPF Leibniz-Institut für Polymerfor- schung e. V. November 10, 2016; Dresden <Germany> R. Hensel Engineering of biomimetic adhesives Nanobrücken 2016: A Nanomechanical Testing Workshop & Hysitron User Meeting March 02-04, 2016; Saarbrücken <Germany> NANOTRIBOLOGIE / NANOTRIBOLOGY R. Bennewitz he surface science of friction: how molecular ilms afect sliding and plowing, DPG Spring Meeting March 7-11, 2016; Regensburg <Germany> R. Bennewitz Molecular mechanisms in lubrication Seminar talk, Department of Physics; McGill University July 4, 2016; Montreal <uebec, Canada> R. Bennewitz Molecular control of friction University of Toronto / Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering July 05, 2016; Toronto <Ontario, Canada> R. Bennewitz Observing molecules at charged surfaces - force and dissi- pation microscopy CAESR-Tech seminar, Schulich School of Engineering; University of Calgary July 07, 2016; Calgary <Alberta, Canada> R. Bennewitz and J. Blass Controlling friction and adhesion with supramolecular bonds COST Workshop on Reversible control of Surface Inter- actions; University of Oxford September 15, 2016; Oxford <UK> H. Choi, X. Pei and R. Bennewitz Multiple scratch studies on PEEK using diferent steel indenters Nanobrücken 2016: a nanomechanical testing workshop and Hysitron user meeting March 2-4, 2016; Saarbrücken <Germany> A. Colak, H. Wormeester, H. J. W. Zandvliet and B. Poelsema Investigation of parameters inluencing the adhesion force in lat-on-lat and lat-on-rough contact geometries 611. WE-Heraeus-Seminar: Mechanisms of Tribology, Physikzentrum March 29, 2016 - April 01, 2016; Bad Honnef <Germany> D. Krass and R. Bennewitz Microscopic mechanisms in lubrication revealed by force microscopy 20th International Colloquium Tribology January 12-14, 2016; Stutgart <Germany> K. T. Rittgen, A. Caron and R. Bennewitz Surface oxidation of metallic glass surfaces and its efect on nanotribology Nanobrücken 2016: a nanomechanical testing workshop & Hysitron user meeting March 02-04, 2016; Saarbrücken <Germany> K. T. Rittgen, A. Caron and R. Bennewitz Surface oxidation of metallic glass surfaces and its efect on nanotribology 80. Jahrestagung der DPG und DPG Frühjahrstagung March 06-11, 2016; Regensburg <Germany>

74 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // EINGELADENE VORTRÄGE / INVITED TALKS Schaltbare Mikroluidik / Switchable Microluidics J. Cui Multifunctional gel materials made of dynamic polymers Colloquium of Sot Mater Materials; Peking University March 10, 2016; Beijing <PR China> J. Cui When Mr. Bioinspired idea meet Miss Dynamic polymers: synthesis, characterization, and application GCCD Workshop for Polymer; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP) March 19, 2016; Mainz <Germany> J. Cui Dynamic polymer materials to make multifunctional gels Academic Forum for Graduate Students; Nanjing University June 22, 2016; Nanjing <PR China> J. Cui Localization of liquid droplets in polymer matrices by evaporative lithography Academic Forum fro 120th Birthday of Sichuan University June 23, 2016; Chengdu <PR China> J. Cui Liquid droplets-embedded polymer materials Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) July 05, 2016; Saarbrücken <Germany> J. Cui Localization of liquid droplets in polymer matrixes by evaporative lithography Sino-German Youth Symposium “Functional Interfaces: Preparation and Characterization”; Peking University November 07, 2016; Beijing <PR China> Strukturbildung / Structure Formation T. Kraus Nanostrukturierte Beschichtungen: Materialien, Prozesse und Skalierung DECHEMA-Workshop „Industrielle Produktion von Nanomaterialien“; February 11, 2016; Frankfurt a. M. <Germany> T. Kraus Mobile Nanopartikel für aktive Nanokomposite AWT – VDI – Arbeitskreis Werkstotechnik Bremen; Stitung Institut für Werkstotechnik February 24, 2016; Bremen <Germany> T. Kraus Particle-based inks for electronics University of Wuppertal, Faculty of Electrical, information, and Media Engineering April 25, 2016; Wuppertal <Germany> T. Kraus Nanocomposites as functional materials Bayreuth International Summer School “Colloids and Polymers in Energy and Life Science” July 4-15, 2016; Bayreuth <Germany> T. Kraus Sol-gel coating and particle assembly Bayreuth International Summer School “Colloids and Polymer in Energy and Life Science” July 4-15, 2016; Bayreuth <Germany> T. Kraus Wet coating techniques Bayreuth International Summer School “Colloids and Polymers in Energy and Life Science” July 4-15, 2016; Bayreuth <Germany> T. Kraus Bioinspirierte Materialstrukturierung EDGAR-LÜSCHER-LECTURES; September 29, 2016; Dillingen an der Donau <Germany> T. Kraus Hybrid inks and ultrathin self-organizing nanowires: new materials for lexible and transparent printed electronics Netzwerktrefen nanoInk - Selbstorganisierende Nano- Tinten & Netzwerk nanoInk; Technische Hochschule September 29, 2016; Nürnberg <Germany> T. Kraus Controlling nanoparticle agglomeration for materials synthesis 1st Sino-German Young Scientist Symposium on “Interfaces: Construction, Characterization and Functionalization”; November 9-14, 2016; Beijing <PR China>

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 75 BIOGRENZFLÄCHEN / BIO INTERFACES Dynamische Biomateralien / Dynamic Biomaterials A. del Campo Bioinspirierte Strategien für Antifouling-Beschichtungen 8. Biotechnologietag, „Bioilme – Fluch oder Segen?“ January 21, 2016; Bingen <Germany> A. del Campo Guiding cell-materials interactions with light Sot Mater+ Colloquium; University of Twente February 04, 2016; Enschede <Netherlands> A. del Campo Guiding cell-materials inateractions iwht light HIPS Talks; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research February 16, 2016; Saarbrücken <Germany> A. del Campo Guiding cell-biomaterials communication with light SFB894 Seminar, Universitätskliniken Homburg, 2016 February 18, 2016; Homburg / Saar <Germany> A. del Campo Guiding cell interactions with biomaterials with light 3rd International Winterschool on bioelectronics BioEL, 2016 March 12-19, 2016; Kirchberg in Tirol <Austria> A. del Campo Guiding cell-materials interactions with light IPHT Colloquium; Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien, IPH April 12, 2016; Jena <Germany> A. del Campo Guiding cell interactions with biomaterials with light E-MRS Fall Meeting, 2016 : Symposium B, Bioinspired and biointegrated materials as frontiers nanomaterials VI September 18-21, 2016; Warsaw <Poland> A. del Campo How to become a female scientist? An experience report Symposium for Female Scientists “From Dedication to Success – How to Manage your Career in Science” 2016 September 29, 2016; Saarbrücken <Germany> A. del Campo Photoresponsive biosurfaces International Symposium Functional Biointerfaces 2016 October 04-05, 2016; Berlin <Germany> A. del Campo he role of hard nanoibers in frog's sot adhesive micro- structures MRS Fall Meeting 2016; November 26 – December 02, 2016; Boston <MA, USA> Nano Zell Interaktionen / Nano Cell Interactions A. Kraegeloh Focus on Nano Cell Interactions Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschat für Zytometrie – DGfZ October 5-7, 2016; Berlin <Germany> NANOKOMPOSIT-MATERIALIEN / NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS Nanomere / Nanomers A. del Campo Light tuning morphology and composition in biomaterials and the consequences for embedded cells 15th Dresden Polymer Discussion, 2016 April 17-20, 2016; Dresden <Germany> C. Becker-Willinger Neue nanostrukturierte Zinkphosphat- und Zin-Metall- Mischphosphat-Plätchen als funktionelle Additive GfKORR Workshop Nanoskalige Korrosionsschutzsysteme June 2-3, 2016; Frankfurt a.M. <Germany> A. del Campo Optoregulating cellular decisions HYBER Symposium 2016; Aalto University May 12-13, 2016; Helsinki <Finland> A. del Campo Biomaterial that talk to cells with molecular precision SFB1176 Seminar 2016, KIT Karlsruher Institut für Technologie July 05, 2016; Karlsruhe <Germany> A. del Campo Directing cells with light Biointerfaces International 2016 August 23-25, 2016; Zuerich <Switzerland> A. del Campo Cell-interactive materials with light Roche-Symposium Molecular Monitoring on a Chip: Tailoring Surfaces for Bioassays, 2016 August 28-30, 2016; Risch <Switzerland> Optische Materialien / Optical Materials M. Amlung Development, characterization and biological evaluation of novel glass-like coatings for cardiovascular implants 2nd International Conference and Expo on Ceramics and Composite Materials July 26-27, 2016; Berlin <Germany> M. Amlung Development and evaluation of glass-like coatings for cardiovascular implant applications such as stents Advanced Ceramics and Applications V: New Frontiers in Multifunctional Material Science and Processing September 21-23, 2016; Belgrade <Serbia>

76 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // EINGELADENE VORTRÄGE / INVITED TALKS QUERSCHNITTSBEREICHE / CROSS LINKING ACTIVITIES Innovative Elektronenmikroskopie / Innovative Electron Microscopy I. N. Dahmke Efekte von Curcumin auf (Krebs-) Zellen in Mäusen und Menschen Malayalee-Deutsches Forum Stutgart October 1-3, 2016; Untermarchtal <Germany> N. de Jonge Studying growth factor receptors in intact cells using correlative luorescence- and electron microscopy LUMC Leiden University Medical Center, Section Electron Microscopy January 18, 2016; Leiden <Netherlands> N. de Jonge Electron microscopy of growth factor receptros in intact cancer cells in liquid Analytica Conference 2016; May 10-12, 2016; München <Germany> N. de Jonge Electron microscopy of cells, membrane proteins, and nano materials in liquid GSS Schummer School 2016 der Ruhr Universität Bochum (RUB) May 17-20, 2016; Bochum <Germany> N. de Jonge Imaging of biological specimen with liquid STEM, 3D STEM, in situ STEM, and aberration corrected STEM. Resolving the locations of individual proteins within the context of intact cells ISM Golden Jubilee 2016 May 23-June 2, 2016; Haifa <Israel> N. de Jonge Scanning transmission electron microscopy of whole cells and nanomaterials in liquid Kolloquium des Geoforschungsinstituts Potsdam June 16, 2016; Potsdam <Germany> N. de Jonge Scanning transmission electron microscopy of whole cells and nanomaterials in liquid Environmental Electron Microscopies, Pre-Congress of the European Microscopy Congress 2016 August 25-26, 2016; Lyon <France> N. de Jonge Scanning transmission electron microscopy of eukaryotic cells in liquid European Microscopy Congress 2016 August 29 – September 2, 2016; Lyon <France> N. de Jonge Future directions and application areas of liquid-phase electron microscopy Workshop on Scientiic Directions for Future Transmissi- on Electron Microscopy; Forschungszentrum Jülich October 24-26, 2016; Jülich <Germany> N. de Jonge and D. B. Peckys Studying membrane proteins in intact cells using nanopar- ticle labels and liquid-phase electron microscopy European Microscopy Congress 2016 August 29 – September 2, 2016; Lyon <France> N. de Jonge, F. M. Ross and C. Wang Transmission electron microscopy of specimens and proces- ses in liquid Lecture for Innovation in Materials Characterization Award, MRS March 28 – April 1, 2016; Phoenix <AZ, USA> PROGRAMMBEREICHSUNGEBUNDEN / NOT LINKED TO A PROGRAM DIVISION Chemische Analytik / Chemical Analytics Y. E. Silina and M. Koch Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide ilms: from solid phase micro-extraction to subscequent test-analysis EMN Meeting on Mesoporous Materials June 13-17, 2016; Prague <Czech Republik> Physikalische Analytik / Physical Analytics M. Koch Das ESEM: Gestern – Heute – Morgen Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis of the TU Graz (FELMI) – Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE – Graz) December 19, 2016; Graz <Austria> Y. E. Silina and M. Koch Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide ilms: from solid phase micro-extraction to subscequent test-analysis EMN Meeting on Mesoporous Materials June 13-17, 2016; Prague <Czech Republik> INM Fellows und weitere / INM Fellows and others K. Jacobs Provoking luids to slide DFG Frühjahrstagung March 10, 2016; Regensburg <Germany> K. Jacobs Van der Waals interactions in weting, adhesion, adsorption and friction experiments IAS focused Program on Casimir and Van der Waals Forces April 26, 2016; Hong Kong <HK> K. Jacobs Concave drops and hungry droplets. luids in coninement CECAM-Workshop “non-equilibrium dynamics of thin ilms – solids, liquids and bioactive materials” September 23, 2016; Lausanne <Switzerland> K. Jacobs Inluence of the slip boundary condition on the low of (polymer) ilms Liquids @ Interfaces October 18, 2016; Paris <France>

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 77 LEHRVERANSTALTUNGEN / TEACHING WINTERSEMESTER 2015 / 2016 Arzt, Eduard INM-Kolloquium Universität des Saarlandes, Kolloquium, 2 SWS Arzt, Eduard und Mitarbeiter/innen NanoBioMaterialien-P Universität des Saarlandes, Praktikum, 4 SWS Arzt, Eduard und Mitarbeiter/innen NanoBioMaterialien-1 Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 2 SWS Arzt, Eduard und Mitarbeiter/innen Einführung in die Materialwissenschat für (Studierende der) Mikrotechnologie und Nanostrukturen Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 5 SWS Becker-Willinger, Carsten Technologie der Polymere und Komposite Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 1 SWS Becker-Willinger, Carsten NDT Master: Polymer Materials Part 1 Dresden International University, Blockvorlesung, 1 SWS Bennewitz, Roland Gute Wissenschatliche Praxis Universität des Saarlandes, Blockseminar, 1 SWS Bennewitz, Roland Technische Physik Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 4 SWS Jonge, Niels de (mit Lautenschläger, Franziska) Mikroskopie Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 5 SWS Jonge, Niels de Experimentalphysik I (EP I): Mathematische Ergänzungen Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 2 SWS Kraegeloh, Annette (mit Bernhardt, Rita, Wittmann, Christoph) Biochemie I Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 1 SWS Kraus, Tobias Functional Coatings Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 2 SWS Weiss, Ingrid M. Protein- / Enzymreinigung Universität Regensburg, Kurs / Seminar, 4 SWS SOMMERSEMESTER 2016 Arzt, Eduard INM-Kolloquium Universität des Saarlandes, Kolloquium, 2 SWS Arzt, Eduard, Kraegeloh, Annette und Mitarbeiter/innen NanoBioMaterialien-2 Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 2 SWS Bennewitz, Roland Gute Wissenschatliche Praxis Universität des Saarlandes, Blockseminar, 1 SWS Presser, Volker Grundlagen der hermodynamik Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 4 SWS Presser, Volker (mit Wenz, Gerhard) Smart Materials and Polymers Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 2 SWS Presser, Volker (mit Hempelmann, Rolf, Universität des Saarlandes) Werkstofe für eiziente Energienutzung Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 2 SWS, Praktikum, 6 SWS del Campo, Aránzazu und Mitarbeiter/innen Ausgewählte Kapitel der Chemie (Junior- und Starter- studenten): Klebstofe im Alltag und in der Natur Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 0,5 SWS WINTERSEMESTER 2016 / 2017 Arzt, Eduard INM-Kolloquium Universität des Saarlandes, Kolloquium, 2 SWS Arzt, Eduard, Kraegeloh, Annette und Mitarbeiter/innen NanoBioMaterialien-1 Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 2 SWS Arzt, Eduard, Kraegeloh, Annette und Mitarbeiter/innen NanoBioMaterialien-P Universität des Saarlandes, Praktikum, 4 SWS Arzt, Eduard und Mitarbeiter/innen Einführung in die Materialwissenschat für (Studierende der) Mikrotechnologie und Nanostrukturen Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 5 SWS Becker-Willinger, Carsten Technologie der Polymere und Komposite Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 2 SWS Becker-Willinger, Carsten NDT Master: Polymer Materials Part 1 Dresden International University, Blockvorlesung, 1 SWS Jonge, Niels de Mikroskopie Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 4 SWS Jonge, Niels de (mit Becher, Christoph) Experimentalphysik Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung / Übung, 6 SWS Kraegeloh, Annette Nanostrukturen in der Biologie – von Anwendungen bis Zellinteraktionen Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 2 SWS Kraus, Tobias Beschichtungen (Functional Coatings) Universität des Saarlandes, Vorlesung, 2 SWS

78 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // PATENTE / PATENTS PATENTE / PATENTS Im Jahr 2016 erfolgten fünf Patentanmeldungen, die noch nicht ofengelegt wurden. Dem Institut wurden 20 Patente erteilt. Acht Patentanmeldungen erfolgten im Rahmen einer europäischen Anmeldung in insgesamt 56 Mitgliedsstaaten, 12 Patente wurden im außereuropä- ischen Ausland zugeteilt. Es wurden somit 68 nationa- lisierte Schutzrechte im Jahr 2016 erteilt; zum Ende des Geschätsjahres 2016 unterhielt das Institut insgesamt 73 Patentfamilien. In 2016, INM has iled ive new patent applications which are not yet published. 20 patents have been granted. Eight of these patents are granted in Europe and twelve in other foreign countries. he INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials has 73 active patent families. ERTEILTE EUROPÄISCHE PATENTE / PATENTS GRANTED IN EUROPE Europäischen Patent Nr. 0981583 B1 Titel: „Nanostrukturierte Formkörper und Schichten sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung“ Erinder: Ertugrul Arpac, Peter de Oliveira, Herbert Krug, Peter Müller, Helmut Schmidt, Stefan Sepeur, Betina Werner Europäisches Patent Nr. 1718405 B1 Titel: „Amphiphile Nanopartikel erhältlich durch partielle Hydrolyse von metallorganischen Verbindungen“ Erinder: Murat Akarsu, Ertugrul Arpac, Helmut Schmidt Europäisches Patent Nr. 2059932 B1 Titel: „Zusammensetzung zur Beschichtung elektrischer Leiter und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Zusam- mensetzung“ Erinder: Oral Cenk Aktas, Sener Albayrak, Carsten Becker-Willinger, Michael Veith Europäisches Patent Nr. 2794769 B1 Titel: „Pigmentiertes, feinstrukuriertes tribologisches Kom- positmaterial“ Erinder: Carsten Becker-Willinger, Frank Hollmann, Christoph Kasper Europäisches Patent Nr. 2931937 B1 Titel: „Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metall-Nanopartikel- Arrays“ Erinder: Daniel Brodoceanu, Tobias Kraus, Cheng Fang, Nicolas Hans Völcker Europäisches Patent Nr. 2519471 B1 Titel: „Synthese von Nanopartikeln mitels ionischer Flüssigkeiten“ Erinder: Peter de Oliveira, Hechun Lin, Michael Veith Europäisches Patent Nr. 2590757 B1 Titel: „Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinstrukturierten Oberlächen“ Erinder: Eduard Arzt, Elmar Kroner, Peter de Oliveira, Ebru Devrim Sam Parmak, Florian Büsch, Dieter Urban, Reinhold Schwalm, Benedikt Bläsi, Michael Nitsche, Hannes Spiecker, Claas Müller Europäisches Patent Nr. 2798013 B1 Titel: „Antirelexionsbeschichtung“ Erinder: Peter de Oliveira, Elisabete Menezes, Mohammad Jilavi ERTEILTE INTERNATIONALE PATENTE / PATENTS GRANTED INTERNATIONALLY Chinesisches Patent Nr. 103003721 Titel: „Verfahren zur Herstellung von Beschichtungen mit Antirelexionseigenschaten“

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 79 Erinder: Peter de Oliveira, Mohammad Jilavi, Sakthivel Shanmugasundaram, Michael Veith Japanisches Patent Nr. 5973912 Titel: „Verfahren zur Herstellung von Beschichtungen mit Antirelexionseigenschaten“ Erinder: Peter de Oliveira, Mohammad Jilavi, Sakthivel Shanmugasundaram, Michael Veith US Patent Nr. 9507320 Titel: „Verfahren zum Übertragen von Oberlächenstruk- turierungen, wie Interferenzschichten, Hologrammen und anderen hochbrechenden optischen Mikrostrukturen“ Erinder: Peter de Oliveira, Christine Faller-Schneider, Bruno Schäfer, Michael Veith US Patent Nr. 9371411 Titel: „Abriebbeständige und alkalibeständige Beschichtun- gen oder Formkörper mit Niedrigenergieoberläche“ Erinder: Murat Akarsu, Ertugrul Arpac, Helmut Schmidt Japanisches Patent Nr. 5889294 Titel: „Highly structured composite material and process for the manufacture of protective coatings for corroding substrates” Erinder: Carsten Becker-Willinger, Douglas Espin, Frank Hollmann, Marlon Jochum, Michael Opsölder, Sabine Schmitz-Stöwe Kolumbianisches Patent Nr. 6669 Titel: „Highly structured composite material and process for the manu-facture of protective coatings for corroding substrates” Erinder: Carsten Becker-Willinger, Douglas Espin, Frank Hollmann, Marlon Jochum, Michael Opsölder, Sabine Schmitz-Stöwe Norwegisches Patent Nr. 338846 Titel: „Konsolidierungsmitel und dessen Verwendung zur Konsolidierung von Formkörpern und geologischen Forma- tionen aus porösen oder partikulären Materialien“ Erinder: Klaus Endres, Bernd Reinhard, Helmut Schmidt Japanisches Patent Nr. 5963762 Titel: „Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Strukturen“ Erinder: Eduard Arzt, Peter de Oliveira, Karsten Moh, Sarah Schumacher Japanisches Patent Nr. 5926817 Titel: „Pigmentiertes, feinstrukuriertes tribologisches Kom- positmaterial“ Erinder: Carsten Becker-Willinger, Frank Hollmann, Christoph Kasper Japanisches Patent Nr. 5889294 Titel: „Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinstrukturierten Oberlächen“ Erinder: Eduard Arzt, Elmar Kroner, Peter de Oliveira, Ebru Devrim Sam Parmak, Florian Büsch, Dieter Urban, Reinhold Schwalm, Benedikt Bläsi, Michael Nitsche, Hannes Spiecker, Claas Müller Koreanisches Patent Nr. 101588910 Titel: „Optische Elemente mit Gradientenstruktur“ Erinder: Peter de Oliveira, Marcus Geerkens, Hechun Lin, Peter Rogin, Michael Veith US Patent Nr. 9290678 Titel: „Vorrichtung mit steuerbarer Adhäsion“ Erinder: Eduard Arzt, Robert McMeeking

80 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // VORTRÄGE IM INM-KOLLOQUIUM / INM COLLOQUIUM TALKS VORTRÄGE IM INM-KOLLOQUIUM / INM COLLOQUIUM TALKS Prof. Dr. Gerhard Busse, Institut für Kunststofftechnik und Institut für Flugzeugbau, Universität Stuttgart Principle and Application of some Innovative NDE-Methods January 6, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Eduard Arzt Dr. Peter J. Lu Applied Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Universal Gelation of Particles with Short-ranged Atraction April 13, 2016, Host: Dr. Tobias Kraus Prof. Dr. Tanja Schilling, Theory of Soft Condensed Matter, Université du Luxembourg Percolation in Colloidal Model Systems January 13, 2016, Host: Dr. Tobias Kraus Jun-Prof. Dr. Franziska Lautenschläger, Saarland University, Saarbrücken From suspended cells to a lab-on-a-chip-system for testing the immune response of cells January 14, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Prof. Dr. Peter Elsner, KIT Karlsruhe and Fraunhofer ICT Pinztal uartz-like coatings with microwave generated plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) January 20, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Eduard Arzt Prof. Dr. Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez, Chair of Biomedical Engineering, University Glasgow, UK Interfaces that harness growth factors to modulate stem cell fate January 27, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Prof. Dr. Anke Krueger, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg News from the Carbon Universe – Nanodiamond, a Material for many Applications February 10, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Volker Presser Prof. Dr. Longjian Xue, Wuhan University, Hubei, China Bioinspired adhesion regulated by water February 26, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Aranzázu del Campo Dr. Shrikrishnan Sankaran, University of Twente, The Netherlands Supramolecular Bacterial Systems February 29, 2016, Host : Prof. Dr. Aranzázu del Campo Dr. Jan Pilch, Institut für Klinische Hämostaseologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg Role of Blood Cloting for Metastasis and Inlammation March 3, 2016, Host : Prof. Dr. Aranzázu del Campo Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ö. Güler, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey Self-Assembled Peptide Nanostructures for Functional Materials March 9, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Dr. David Labonte, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK Sticky Feet of Climbing Animals – Mechanisms of Atachment, Size-Dependence and how to Make them Fail April 6, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Eduard Arzt Prof. Dr. Niels Holten-Andersen, Department of Materials Science & Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Bio-Inspired Metal-Coordination Dynamics: A Unique Tool for Engineering Sot Mater Mechanics April 27, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Dr. Elke Neu, Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes Color Centers in Diamond: Sensors to See the Nanoworld May 5, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Volker Presser Prof. Dr. Heiko Rieger, Statistische Physik und der Physik der kondensierten Materie, Universität des Saarlandes Biophysics of Killing – heory and Experiment June 14, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Prof. Dr. James Kirkpatrick, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Developing Cellular Models in vitro for Regenerative Medicine June 21, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo Prof. Dr. Oskar Paris, Institut für Physik, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria Sorption Induced Deformation of Nanoporous Materials: From Basic Experiments to Potential Applications July 13, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Volker Presser Dr. Jan Torgersen, Stanford University, USA Two Photon Polymerization and Atomic Layer Deposition for Combining Shape and Functionality July 14, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Eduard Arzt Prof. Dr. Anand Jagota, Lehigh University, Bethlehem (PA), USA Efect of Surface Roughness on Adhesion and Friction Enhancement of Film-Terminated Biomimetic Structures July 19, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Eduard Arzt Prof. Dr. Xinhua Wan, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Optically Active Helical Polymers: Design, Synthesis, and Chiroptical Properties July 21, 2016, Host: Dr. Jiaxi Cui Prof. Dr. Dominik Eder, Technische Universität Wien, Austria Interfacial dynamics in nanocarbon-inorganic hybrid photocatalysts July 27, 2016, Host: Dr. Peter W. de Oliveira Dr. Teresa Lopez-Leon, CNRS & ESPCI Paris, France Towards the Realization of Artiicial Mesoscopic Atoms by Using Liquid Crystals September 22, 2016, Host: Prof. Dr. Aránzazu del Campo

82 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // VERANSTALTUNGEN / EVENTS VERANSTALTUNGEN / EVENTS Nano Tech 2016 Stand, Exponate Eduard Arzt, Karsten Moh, Thomas Müller und Fan Wu Tokio, Japan, 27.-29.01.2016 ERC-Workshop “Contact Mechanics and Upscaling Technologies of Bioinspired Adhesives” Organisation, Ausrichtung Eduard Arzt, Christine Hartmann, René Hensel und Karsten Moh Saarbrücken, 25.-26.02.2016 ERC-Workshop “Engineering of Bio-Inspired Materials” Organisation, Ausrichtung Eduard Arzt, Roland Bennewitz, Christine Hartmann und Dominik Hell Saarbrücken, 07.-08.06.2016 Tag der ofenen Tür an der Universität des Saarlandes Vorträge, Experimentierstationen Christine Hartmann, Markus Koch, Annette Kraegeloh, Tobias Kraus, Volker Presser, Mario Quilitz und weitere Saarbrücken, 09.07.2016 Nanobrücken 2016 – Workshop on Nanomechanical Testing Organisation, Ausrichtung Roland Bennewitz, Christine Hartmann und Dominik Hell Saarbrücken, 02.-04.03.2016 Schülerpraktikum Vortrag, Führungen, Praktikum Niels de Jonge und Mitarbeiter/innen Saarbrücken, 12.07.2016 611. WE-Heraeus-Seminar: Mechanisms of Tribology Organisation Roland Bennewitz und Christine Hartmann Bad Honnef, 29.03.-01.04.2016 Delegationsbesuch der Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Organisation (zusammen mit KIST Europe), Präsentationen Mario Quilitz Saarbrücken, 02.08.2016 LOPEC – 7. Internationale Fachmesse für gedruckte Elektronik Stand, Exponate Lola Garcia-Gonzalez, Michael Opsölder und Wolfram Seitz München, 06.-07.04.2016 Hannover Messe 2016 Stand, Exponate Joachim Blau, Mareike Frensemeier, Marlon Jochum, Michael Opsölder, Anna Schreiber, Jana Staudt und Wolfram Seitz Hannover, 25.-29.04.2016 Girls’ Day: „Warum Geckos kleben und wie Zellen wandern“ Organisation, Ausrichtung Christina Sauer-Hormann und Silke Zeiter-Semmet Saarbrücken, 28.04.2016 Besuch einer Delegation des Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea Organisation, Präsentationen Mario Quilitz Saarbrücken, 10.05.2016 Delegationsbesuch des Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT), Seoul, Korea Organisation (zusammen mit KIST Europe), Präsentationen Mario Quilitz Saarbrücken, 17.05.2016 „Woche der Umwelt“ beim Bundespräsidenten Stand, Exponate Volker Presser und Günter Weber Berlin, 07.-08.06.2016 17. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen der Leibniz-Gemeinschat Organisation (zusammen mit Sprecherrat des AK) Elke Bubel Mannheim, 14.-16.09.2016 Besuch von Teilnehmerinnen des Mento MINT Programms der Universität des Saarlandes Organisation (mit Universität des Saarlandes), Präsentationen Sarah Fischer, Christine Hartmann und Jana Staudt Saarbrücken, 15.09.2016 Nano meets Future 2016 – Die Zukunt liegt im Kleinen Stand, Exponate, Poster Mario Quilitz Saarbrücken, 15.-16.09.2016 From dedication to success – how to manage your career in science Workshop für Wissenschatlerinnen Ausrichtung, Organisation (mit Gleichstellungsbüro der Universität des Saarlandes) Christina Sauer-Hormann und Silke Zeiter-Semmet Saarbrücken, 29.09.2016 theIJC.com - 3rd Annual InkJet Conference 2016 Exponate und Vortrag Lola Garcia-Gonzalez, Tobias Kraus und Beate Reiser Düsseldorf, 05.-06.10.2016 MOTEC – 7. Internationale Fachmesse für gedruckte Elektronik Stand, Exponate Joachim Blau, Karsten Moh und Wolfram Seitz Stutgart, 10.-13.10.2016

84 FAKTEN UND ZAHLEN / FACTS AND FIGURES // KOOPERATIONEN / COOPERATIONS KOOPERATIONEN / COOPERATIONS KOOPERATIONEN MIT NATIONALEN INSTITUTIONEN (AUSWAHL) / COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (SELECTION) Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg / Freiburg Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY / Hamburg Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelli- genz / Saarbrücken Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum / Heidelberg Deutsches Museum / München Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen / Tübingen Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Leibniz-Institut für Höchst- frequenztechnik (FBH) / Berlin Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften (FZB) / Borstel Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoffmechanik (IWM) / Freiburg i.Br. Fraunhofer Institut für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren (IZFP) / Saarbrücken Heinrich-Heine-Universität / Düsseldorf Helmholtz-Institut für pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) / Saarbrücken Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft des Saarlandes (HTW) / Saarbrücken Johannes Gutenberg-Universität / Mainz Karlsruhe Institute of Technology / Karlsruhe KIST Europe / Saarbrücken Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS) / Dortmund und Berlin Leibniz Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo) / Dortmund Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) / Dresden Leibniz-Institut für Informationsinfrastruktur (FIZ) / Karlsruhe Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik (IHP) / Frankfurt (Oder) Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien (DWI) / Aachen Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse (LIKAT) / Rostock Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ) / Berlin Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektions- biologie (HKI) / Jena Leibniz-Institut für Oberlächenmodiizierung (IOM) / Leipzig Leibniz-Institut für Planzenbiochemie (IPB) / Halle Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie (INP) / Greifswald Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung (IPF) / Dresden Leibniz-Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) / Düsseldorf Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (IWM) / Tübingen Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung / Mainz Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI) / Berlin Ruprecht-Karls-Universität / Heidelberg Technische Universität Braunschweig / Braunschweig Technische Universität Dresden / Dresden Technische Universität Kaiserslautern / Kaiserslautern Universität des Saarlandes / Saarbrücken Universität Münster / Münster Universität Regensburg / Regensburg Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes / Homburg

JAHRESBERICHT 2016 / ANNUAL REPORT 2016 85 Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik (WIAS) / Berlin Laboratoire de PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX PHENIX / Paris, France ZeMA – Zentrum für Mechatronik und Automatisierungs- technik gGmbH / Saarbrücken Monash University / Melbourne, Australia Montanuniversität Leoben / Leoben, Austria KOOPERATIONEN MIT INTERNATIONALEN INSTITUTIONEN (AUSWAHL) / COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (SELECTION) Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo / Oslo, Norway Riga Technical University / Riga, Latvia Adolphe Merkle Institute / Fribourg, Switzerland Stanford University / Stanford, CA, USA Al Azhar University / Gaza, Palestine Technion – Israel Institute of Technology / Haifa, Israel Bio21 Institute of the University of Melbourne / Melbourne, Australia Budapest University of Technology and Economics / Budapest, Hungary Technische Universität Wien / Vienna, Austria Tel Aviv University / Tel Aviv, Israel The Hebrew University of Jerusalem / Jerusalem, Israel Centro Technologico de Minas Gerais CETEC / Belo Horizonte, Brasil Université Pierre et Marie Curie / Paris, France Universidade Sao Paulo / Sao Paulo, Brasil Chonnam National University / Gwangju, Republic of Korea Università degli studi di Milano / Milano, Italy CNRS – Institut de Physique / France Drexel University / Philadelphia, USA Universität Wien / Vienna, Austria University of Calgary / Calgary, AB, Canada Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule / Zurich, Switzerland University of California / Santa Barbara, CA, USA Eindhoven University / Eindhoven, Netherlands University of Cambridge / Cambridge, UK EMPA – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology / St. Gallen, Switzerland EMPA – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology / hun, Switzerland Georgia Institute of Technology / Atlanta, GA, USA Harvard University / Cambridge, MA, USA IBEC, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia / Barcelona, Spain University of Luxemburg / Luxemburg University of Namibia / Windhoek, Namibia University of Strasbourg / Strasbourg, France University of Tartu / Tartu, Estonia Utrecht University / Utrecht, Netherlands Voronesh State University / Voronesh, Russia Wuhan University / Wuhan, China IBM Zurich Research Laboratory / Rüschlikon, Switzerland Xiamen University / Xiamen, China ZHAW – Zurich University of Applied Sciences / Zurich, Switzerland Indian Institute of Technology / Kanpur, India Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) / Kyoto, Japan Iowa State University / Ames, USA KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) / Seoul, Republic of Korea KRIBB (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotech- nology) / Daejeon, Republic of Korea KRICT (Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) / Seoul, Republic of Korea KRISS (Korean Research Institute of Standards and Science) / Daejeon, Republic of Korea