highlights 46 thermocapacitive energy harvesting 47 high-temperature deformation of bcc metal microstructures 48 control of friction and adhesion by molecular guest-host interactions 49 composite metal phosphate – organic coatings for mild steel corrosion protection 50 discovery of a possible reason for drug resistance in breast tumors 51 gecomer technology enters industrial development phase 52 p-coumaric acid as novel biomarker for quantifying hypoxic stress 53 nanoparticles imaged by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 54 international conference on capacitive deionization & electrosorption 55 inm fellows fakten und zahlen / facts and figures 58 das inm in zahlen / inm in figures 59 kuratorium & wissenschaftlicher beirat / board of trustees & scientific advisory board 60 auszeichnungen / awards 61 aktivitäten in gremien / activities in committees 63 dissertationen / doctoral theses 64 abschlussarbeiten / theses 65 doktoranden / doctoral students 65 gastaufenthalte / visiting scientists and students 66 referierte publikationen / peer-reviewed publications 72 eingeladene vorträge / invited talks 76 patente / patents 77 lehrveranstaltungen / teaching 78 vorträge im inm-kolloquium / inm colloquium talks 80 veranstaltungen / events 82 kooperationen / cooperations 84 das inm in den medien / inm in the media 86 organigramm / organizational chart 1 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015
prof. dr. eduard arzt wissenschaftlicher geschäftsführer und vorsitzender der geschäftsführung / scientific director and ceo prof. dr. aránzazu del campo wissenschaftliche geschäftsführerin / scientific director 2 vorwort / preface günter weber kaufmännischer geschäftsführer / business director
liebe freundinnen und freunde des inm, zum ersten mal dürfen wir sie an dieser zu stelle zu dritt begrüßen: seit september 2015 verstärkt die chemikerin aránzazu del campo die wissen- schaftliche geschäftsführung des inm. mit ihrem neu aufgebauten programmbereich dynamische biomaterialien wird sie insbesondere im inm-for- schungsfeld biogrenzflächen neue wissenschaft liche impulse setzen. neue inhalte bringen auch jiaxi cui und daniel strauss. ersterer ergänzt mit seiner juniorfor- schungsgruppe schaltbare mikrofluidik die arbei- ten im forschungsfeld grenzflächenmaterialien. letzterer, tätig an der hochschule für technik und wirtschaft und der universität des saarlan- des, erforscht als neuer inm fellow haptische mensch-maschine-grenzflächen. insgesamt können wir auf ein äußerst erfolgrei- ches jahr am inm zurückblicken. nicht nur alle „indikatoren“ zeigen weiter nach oben, auch un- sere projekte und kooperationen nehmen zu: so fördert die leibniz-gemeinschaft in ihrem wettbe- werbsverfahren erstmals ein projekt für den trans- fer unserer gecomer®-technologie in die anwen- dung. das 2014 eingerichtete innovationszentrum inm hat mit internationalen industriekooperatio- nen sehr gut fahrt aufgenommen. und mit volker presser hat das inm seit herbst 2015 einen neuen w3-professor an der universität des saarlandes. unsere erfolge können nur gemeinsam entstehen. wir danken daher besonders unseren mitarbeite- rinnen und mitarbeitern für ihre hervorragende arbeit sowie unseren partnern, förderern und freunden für die unterstützung. und ihnen wün- schen wir nun eine interessante lektüre. dear friends of inm, it is our first-time pleasure to welcome you in this place as a trio. in september 2015, the chemist aránzazu del campo joined the scientific manage- ment of inm. her newly formed program division dynamic biomaterials will give new scientific im- petus, in particular to the inm research area of biointerfaces. new output is also being generated by jiaxi cui and daniel strauss. cui’s junior research group switchable microfluidics complements the work in the area of interface materials. strauss, working at the university of applied sciences in saarbrücken and saarland university, investigates haptic hu- man-machine interfaces as a new inm fellow. overall, we look back on an extremely successful year at inm. not only do all the “indicators” keep pointing up, our projects and collaborations con- tinue to rise as well. for the first time, the leibniz association is funding a project, within its compe- tition procedure, aiming to transfer our gecomer® technology to application. our innovationcenter inm, established in 2014, has gathered great mo- mentum in international industrial cooperation. and since volker presser accepted the offer of saar land university in autumn 2015, inm has been proud to count one more w3 professor. our achievements can only be made working to- gether. we therefore give special thanks to our colleagues for doing an excellent job, and to our partners, funders and friends for their support. we wish you an interesting read. 3 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015
gruppenberichte / group reports
6 forschungsfelder / research fields gruppenberichte / group reports
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 7 die forschungsfelder des inm die arbeitsgruppen des instituts werden in drei forschungsfelder und ein querschnittsfeld gegliedert, die thematisch nahestehende programmbereiche und juniorforschungsgruppen zusammenfassen: grenzflächenmaterialien: das forschungsfeld be- schäftigt sich mit neuen methoden der oberflächen- und grenzflächenstrukturierung und erforscht insbesondere physikalische mechanismen an ober- flächen. im vordergrund stehen u. a. neue materiali- en zur energiespeicherung, steuerbare tribologische und adhäsive phänomene, flexible schichten für die photovoltaik, sowie wechselwirkungen zwischen strukturierten oberflächen und haut. biogrenzflächen: die arbeiten in diesem feld konzentrieren sich auf die schnittstelle zwischen materialwissenschaft und biologie bzw. medi- zin. schwerpunkte sind die steuerung von zellen durch zellinstruktive materialien, perspektiven der ressourcen- und umweltschonenden herstellung von materialien mittels adaptierter biomineralisa- tion sowie die interaktionen zwischen nanoparti- keln und zellen, geweben und organen. nanokomposit-technologie: das feld widmet sich nichtmetallisch-anorganischen hybridmaterialien und ihren funktionellen, insbesondere optischen, tri- bologischen und protektiven eigenschaften. schwer- punkte sind nasschemische synthesemethoden und die nutzung funktionalisierter nanopartikel. der fokus der arbeiten liegt in der nutzung der konzep- te für konkrete industrielle anwendungen. querschnittsfeld: das querschnittsfeld fasst über- greifende forschungs- und entwicklungsthemen zusammen, die die arbeiten der forschungsfelder methodisch ergänzen. die schwerpunkte umfassen hochmoderne, innovative elektronenmikrosko- pie, multiskalenmodellierung und simulation. das innovationszentrum inm gewährleistet den trans- fer der forschungsergebnisse in die industrie. the research fields of inm the research in the institute is grouped in three research fields and cross-linking activities. these research fields merge program divisions and junior research groups with similar thematic orientation: interface materials: the research field deals with new methods of surface and interface patterning and investigates especially physical mechanisms at surfaces. it focusses for example on new mate- rials for energy storage, switchable tribologic and adhesive phenomena, flexible coatings for photo- voltaics, and on the interaction between structured surfaces and skin. bio interfaces: in this research field, the work concentrates on the interface between materi- als science and biology or medicine. focus areas comprise the development of biomaterials able to trigger cell responses on demand, perspectives of resource- and environmentally friendly syntheses of materials via adapted biomineralization as well as the interaction between nanoparticles and cells, tissues and organs. nanocomposite technology: the research field ad- dresses non-metallic-inorganic hybrid materials and their functional, especially optical, tribologi- cal, and protective properties. key aspects are wet chemical synthesis methods and the use of func- tionalized nanoparticles. a strong focus is on the utilization of concepts for practical applications in industry. cross linking activities: the area combines com- prehensive research and development activities, which methodically complement the competencies of the research areas. major components are up- to-date innovative electron microscopy, multiscale modeling and simulation. the innovationcen- ter inm links inm's scientific and technological know-how with industry. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 20157
8 gruppenberichte / group reports grenzflächenmaterialien / interface materials
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 9 das forschungsfeld grenzflächenmaterialien das forschungsfeld grenzflächenmaterialien befasst sich mit neuen methoden der oberflächen- und grenzflächenstrukturierung und erforscht insbe- sondere physikalische mechanismen an oberflä- chen. im vordergrund stehen neue materialien zur energiespeicherung, steuerbare tribologische und adhäsive phänomene, flexible schichten für elekt- ronik und photovoltaik sowie wechselwirkungen zwischen strukturierten oberflächen und haut. schwerpunktmäßig trägt dieses forschungsfeld zu den inm-leitthemen a (energieanwendungen), b (medizinische oberflächen) und c (tribologi- sche systeme) bei. im herbst 2015 wurde im zuge eines eingewor- benen leibniz research clusters (lrc) die juni- orforschungsgruppe schaltbare mikrofluidik neu eingerichtet, sowie die juniorforschungsgruppe schaltbare oberflächen nach weggang des leiters in den programmbereich funktionelle mikrostrukturen integriert. des weiteren wurde im dezember 2015 die juniorforschungsgruppe energie-materialien in einen programmbereich umgewandelt. das for- schungsfeld besteht zum 31.12.2015 aus vier pro- grammbereichen und einer juniorforschungsgruppe: programmbereich energie-materialien, leitung: prof. dr. volker presser programmbereich funktionelle mikrostrukturen, leitung: prof. dr. eduard arzt, dr. rené hensel programmbereich nanotribologie, leitung: prof. dr. roland bennewitz juniorforschungsgruppe schaltbare mikrofluidik, leitung: dr. jiaxi cui programmbereich strukturbildung, leitung: dr. tobias kraus the research field interface materials the research field interface materials deals with new methods of surface and interface patterning and investigates especially physical mechanisms at surfaces. it focuses for example on new mate- rials for energy storage, switchable tribologic and adhesive phenomena, flexible coatings for photo- voltaics, and on the interaction between structured surfaces and skin. this research area contributes significantly to inm’s lead topics a (energy applications), b (medical surfaces) and c (tribological systems). within a new leibniz research cluster (lrc), a new junior research group switchable microflu- idics was established in autumn 2015. the junior research group switchable surfaces was inte- grated into the program division functional mi- crostructures after the leaving of the head of the group. furthermore, the junior research group energy materials was transferred into a program division in december 2015. the research field interface materials consists of four program di- visions and one junior research group (as of december 31, 2015): program division energy materials, head: prof. dr. volker presser program division functional microstructures, head: prof. dr. eduard arzt, dr. rené hensel program division nanotribology, head: prof. dr. roland bennewitz junior research group switchable microfluidics, head: dr. jiaxi cui program division structure formation, head: dr. tobias kraus mehr informationen über das forschungsfeld grenzflächen- materialien finden sie hier. more informations about the research field interface materials. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 20159
10 energie-materialien / energy materials mission research in the program division energy materi- als is focused on the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials for electro- chemical applications. our activities include elec- trochemical energy storage (supercapacitors) and water treatment using capacitive deionization. both applications are based on the electrical dou- ble-layer which forms at the interface between electrically charged materials and electrolytes with dissolved ionic species. carbon nanomateri- als are the most important electrode material and we utilize non-porous carbon nanoparticles and nanoporous carbons for electrochemical applica- tions. in particular, polymer- and carbide-derived carbons are explored in complex forms (such as beads, fibers, or films). faradaic reactions re- sulting from hybridization of metal oxides or functional surface groups with carbon enable to significantly increase the energy density of elec- trochemical capacitors. we focus on a compre- hensive array of materials characterization tech- niques and in-situ methods to gain novel insights into electrochemical processes. our contributions extend from basic research, materials synthesis, and the refinement of testing procedures to in- dustrial collaboration and technology develop- ment. current research hybrid energy storage fast charge and discharge rates by supplying en- hanced energy storage capacity can be accom- plished by the use of hybrid materials, showing battery-like as well as capacitor-like properties. particularly attractive are surface functional groups, zusammenfassung der programmbereich energie-materialien erforscht und entwi- ckelt nanomaterialien für elektrochemische anwendungen, wie beispielsweise zur elektrochemischen energiespeicherung oder zur wasseraufbereitung via kapazitiver entionisierung. auf der materialseite liegt der schwerpunkt auf nanokohlenstoffen, hochporösen kohlenstoffen und hybridmaterialien, die als pulver, kugeln, schäume oder nanofasern hergestellt werden. nanoskalige hybridisierung wird durch die implementierung von metalloxiden und oberflächengruppen erreicht. hieraus werden auf der anwendungsseite vor allem elektroden für su- perkondensatoren entwickelt. ein wichtiges ziel ist die kom- bination von hoher energie- und leistungsdichte funktionaler energiespeicher und deren transfer in die industrie. beson- dere bedeutung nimmt die charakterisierung der elektroche- mischen phänomene ein, die mit in-situ methoden detailliert untersucht werden. prof. dr. volker presser is head of the program di- vision energy materials and full professor at saarland university. he received his doctorate in applied mi- neralogy at the eberhard- karls university, tübingen, and worked formerly as research assistant profes- sor at drexel university, philadelphia, usa. prof. dr. volker presser gruppenberichte / group reports // grenzflächenmaterialien / interface materials
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 11 such as quinones, which can easily be adapted to carbon surfaces by facile drop casting. pore block- ing by surface functional groups can be avoided by using nanocarbon materials with a large outer surface area, such as carbon onions. by this way, ion access to the surface is not hindered to enable combined electrostatic and redox contributions to the energy storage process. tracking ion electrosorption in carbon nanopores using small angle scattering, synchrotron radiation was used to investigate in operando the movement of ions in aqueous media within porous carbons. at high molar concentration, as used in superca- pacitors, the total number of ions inside the car- bon nanopores is not changing. instead, the charge storage is accomplished by gradually changing the anion-to-cation ratio. this process of ion swapping explains the fast response of supercapacitors that is to be seen as facile ion redistribution. while pre- serving the total ion number, ions inside carbon nanopores get attracted closer to the pore walls as an electric potential is applied. using synchrotron radiation, a high spatial and temporal resolution enabled tracking the signal related to different ion species in aqueous media. this work was carried out in collaboration with prof. paris (montanuniversität leoben) and conducted at elettra in trieste. carbon heteroatoms carbons suffer from a limited electrical conductiv- ity. to overcome limited charge screening, doping carbon has emerged as an attractive approach. interestingly, nitrogen-doped carbon, when matched to certain electrolytes, shows an unique enhancement of the capacitance, probably caused by a difference in the interfacial interaction with nitrogen-containing ionic liquids. we have demon- strated this effect for templated nitrogen-doped, carbide-derived carbons in collaboration with prof. kempe (bayreuth university). yet, nitrogen in carbon materials may not remain fully inert when transitioning to aqueous electrolytes and additional arising redox-reactions may reduce the capacitive component of total transferred charge. this may come at the price of reduced ability to desalinate water for capacitive deionization, but opens new pathways for hybrid energy storage systems. for this study we used a comprehensive set of nitrogen- and sulfur-doped carbon hetero- atoms with tailored porosity in collaboration with prof. antonietti and dr. fellinger (max planck in- stitute of colloids and interfaces). outlook our team will continue to broaden the utilization of interfacial electrochemistry and hybrid carbon nanomaterials. in particular, we will explore re- dox-active electrolytes for enhanced energy stor- age and further investigate the performance sta- bility during capacitive deionization operation. the latter requires thorough understanding of the electrochemical reactivity of surface groups and their change over time. another focus will be on enhancing our collaboration with industry and technology transfer. hybrid energy storage based on carbon onions and quinone functional surface groups. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201511
12 funktionelle mikrostrukturen / functional microstructures mission the program division functional microstructures conducts research in the fabrication and character- ization of functional micro- and nanopatterned sur- faces. through a suitable combination of morphol- ogy and materials, surface features are fabricated that enhance various functionalities such as me- chanical, optical, thermal or haptic characteristics. inspired by the fascinating adhesive performance of natural structures, the group attempts to mimic such mechanisms to improve the adhesion of syn- thetic surfaces (fig. 1). presently, our research focus lies on the mechanisms of contact between adhe- sive fibrillar structures and soft, compliant surfaces such as skin. in collaborative development projects with industrial partners, we investigate techno- logical processes to promote the transfer of our gecomer technology into industrial applications such as robotic pick-and-place systems. zusammenfassung der programmbereich befasst sich mit der herstellung und cha- rakterisierung funktionsstrukturierter oberflächen. durch mikro- und nanostrukturierung sowie gezielte materialauswahl werden spezielle mechanische, optische, thermische und haptische funktionalitäten erzeugt. vorbild für gestalt und funktionen der strukturen sind konzepte aus der belebten natur, die auf künstliche systeme übertragen werden. der fokus der arbeiten liegt auf bioinspirierten haftsystemen (fig. 1); im vordergrund stehen die interaktion gecko-inspirierter strukturen mit rauen, weichen und hautähnlichen substraten und anwendungsrele- vante fragestellungen. in enger kooperation mit der universität des saarlandes und industriepartnern werden anwendungen im bereich medizinischer oberflächen und technischer greifsys- teme erschlossen. das thema wird von der dfg (nachwuchs akademie), der eu (erc advanced grant) und in einem in 2015 eingeworbenen projekt im leibniz-wettbewerbsverfahren (kooperation mit dem innovationszentrum inm) gefördert. is scientific director and ceo of inm and professor for new materials at saar- land university. after his phd at the university of vienna, he performed rese- arch, amongst others, at cambridge university, stanford university and mit and was director at the max planck institute for metals research, stuttgart. prof. dr. eduard arzt (head) prof. dr. eduard arzt, dr. rené hensel studied materials science at technische universität dresden. he completed his doctorate at the leibniz institute of polymer research dresden (ipf) and the max bergmann center of biomaterials dresden (mbc). since 2014, he has been deputy head of the program division functional microstructures. dr. rené hensel (deputy head) gruppenberichte / group reports // grenzflächenmaterialien / interface materials
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 13 current research hierarchically patterned dry adhesives nature uses hierarchical fibrillar structures to me- diate temporary adhesion to arbitrary substrates. in the completed dfg spp project (1420) and in cooperation with prof. fleck, cambridge universi- ty, we investigated the adhesion of artificial multi- level structures in contact with smooth and rough substrates. we found that adhesion can be dramat- ically affected by additional hierarchical levels but is not always beneficial. the study points to possi- ble advantages of hierarchy for shear adhesion or non-aligned substrates. adhesion of composite fibrils a novel design of bioinspired dry adhesives was introduced: fibrils composed of a thin soft material layer terminating the top face of a stiffer pillar struc- ture. experimental and numerical results (coopera- tion with prof. mcmeeking, ucsb) demonstrated that composite fibrils show improved adhesion by reducing corner stress singularities. the elasticity gradient has a similar effect as in mushroom fibrils, where a geometrical gradient improves adhesion. composite fibril patterns promise to overcome cur- rent fabrication limitations of mushroom fibrils. a systematic variation of material and design param- eters revealed that a high elastic modulus ratio be- tween the two elastomers and a thinner soft layer improves adhesive performance. development towards industrial applications inm’s gecomer technology has increasingly been presented at high-technology fairs and exhibitions worldwide. the successful demonstration of a pick- and-place robot equipped with gecomer gripping surfaces has produced much positive response from many industrial sectors. in collaboration with the innovationcenter inm, successful development projects with industrial customers were conducted. these efforts are now intensified by a grant received in 2015 from the leibniz association to close the gap between science and product development (see also highlight article on gecomer technology). outlook the program division functional microstructures will continue on its path from scientific research to active technology transfer. upscaling and valida- tion studies and further exploration of new appli- cation fields for our gecomer technology will in- creasingly dominate our work. scientific research will focus on contact mechanisms of fibrillar struc- tures on rough and soft substrates such as skin. in collaboration with the new junior research group switchable microfluidics, new approaches for switchable adhesives will be investigated. in the field of biomedical applications, the collabo- ration with saarland university hospital (prof. schick, homburg) will enter the stage of in-vivo testing. micromechanical modeling of adhesion performance will remain an important baseline to rationally improve adhesion further. bioinspired, fibrillar adhesives provide a platform for patented gecomer technology. 30 µm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201513
14 nanotribologie / nanotribology mission the program division nanotribology explores new materials with specific mechanical surface prop- erties. we focus on surface functionalization and on understanding the microscopic mechanisms in friction and wear. our experimental projects rely on our expertise in the field of high-resolution force microscopy under ultra-high vacuum condi- tions or in liquids where the surfaces can be elec- trochemically controlled. furthermore, we develop new experimental methods in the field of haptics. our methods, results and know-how on fundamen- tal nanotribology led to fruitful collaborations, in particular within the inm and with saarland uni- versity. examples are joint projects with the pro- gram division functional surfaces on multi-scale aspects of fibrillar adhesion, with the inm fellow karin jacobs on friction in thin polymer films, and with prof. martin müser from saarland university on molecular layering in confinement. current research the following examples describe research results from 2015 which resulted in publications in inter- national research journals: switching adhesion and friction by light us- ing photosensitive guest-host interactions friction and adhesion between two β-cyclodextrin functionalized surfaces can be switched reversibly by external light stimuli. the interaction between the cyclodextrin molecules attached to the tip of an atomic force microscope and a silicon wafer sur- face is mediated by complexation of ditopic azo- benzene guest molecules. the strength of the fric- tion force is reduced by illumination with uv light zusammenfassung der programmbereich nanotribologie forscht an der entwick- lung neuer materialien mit besonderen adhäsiven und tri- bologischen eigenschaften. im zentrum stehen dabei die funktionalisierung von oberflächen und das verständnis der mikroskopischen mechanismen von reibung und verschleiß. unsere experimentellen projekte basieren auf unserer exper- tise in der hochauflösenden rasterkraftmikroskopie, die wir auch im ultrahochvakuum und in flüssigkeiten sowie unter elektrochemischer kontrolle betreiben. außerdem nutzen wir neue experimentelle methoden, zum beispiel um die reibung von strukturierten proben gegen eine fingerspitze mit den gehirnströmen der testperson (eeg) zu korrelieren. zu den herausragenden ergebnissen des jahres 2015 gehören die de- monstration der kontrolle von reibung durch makromoleku- lare funktionalisierung sowie die entdeckung einer unteren, nanoskaligen grenzlänge für die verformung von metallischen gläsern durch scherbänder. prof. dr. roland bennewitz is the head of the nano- tribology group and hon- orary professor of experi- mental physics at saarland university. he obtained his phd from the freie uni- versität berlin, did post- doctoral studies at the uni- versity of basel, and held the canada research chair in experimental nanome- chanics at mcgill univer- sity in montreal. prof. dr. roland bennewitz gruppenberichte / group reports // grenzflächenmaterialien / interface materials
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 15 which reduces the complexation probability of the azobenzene group with the cyclodextrin molecules at the surfaces. friction is restored by illumination with visible light. lower nanometer-scale size limit for the deformation of a metallic glass by shear transformations we combined non-contact atomic force microscopy (afm) imaging and afm indentation in ultra-high vacuum to quantitatively and reproducibly deter- mine the hardness and deformation mechanisms of pt(111) and a platinum-based metallic glass with unprecedented spatial resolution. our observation of plastic deformation mechanisms of crystalline pt(111) are consistent with the discrete mecha- nisms established for larger scales: plasticity is mediated by dislocation gliding. for the metallic glass, we discovered that plastic deformation at the nanometer scale is not discrete but continuous and localized around the indenter. our results reveal a lower size limit for metallic glasses below which shear transformation mechanisms are not activated by indentation. we conclude that the energy stored in the stressed volume during nanometer-scale in- dentation is insufficient to account for the interfa- cial energy of a shear band in the glassy matrix. mechanisms of friction and wear reduction by carbon fiber reinforcement of peek carbon fibers are widely used as reinforcements in poly-ether-ether-ketone (peek). for further optimization of these tribo-materials, we inves- tigated the contribution and action mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforcements to the tribological performance of peek composites in collaboration with prof. a. schlarb (kaiserslautern university). we studied carbon fibers in a peek composite by scratching experiments using single-asperity in- denters and friction imaging using contact atomic force microscopy. shearing dominates the friction and wear behavior of carbon fibers alone, while both shearing and plowing contribute to the over- all friction of peek composites. the wear reduc- tion by carbon fibers originates from their effective load-bearing capability. for the first time, fatigue of individual carbon fibers was studied. outlook we will continue to investigate the mechanisms which link the structure and the dynamics of sur- faces to friction and wear in new materials. our current funded projects include studies of friction and contact ageing on clean metals, and of the role of surface structure and chemistry for friction and wear in metallic glasses. a collaborative project within the inm addresses the neural response to friction against the fingertip. a project with kai- serslautern university relates the scratch mech- anisms in polymers across length scales to their macroscopic tribological responses. finally, we aim to apply the results of our research in projects with industrial partners on molecular mechanisms in additive lubrication. mechanical studies at the nanometer scale require probes of the same size scale. this transmission electron micros- copy image shows a typical tip used in our atomic force microscopy experiments. 100 nm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201515
16 strukturbildung / structure formation mission the program division structure formation inves- tigates how molecules, polymers and colloidal particles join to form structures, their fundamen- tal processes of formation, and their application to prepare new materials. particles and molecules are the building blocks that we assemble by liquid coating. we study how the properties of compos- ite and hybrid materials depend on their micro- structures and how to alter them by systematically varying size, geometry, chemical composition, and arrangement of the constituents. we observe how microstructures and interfaces form and affect ma- terial properties to create e. g. transparent conduc- tive layers of metal nanoparticles for electronics, electrically conductive composites and suprapar- ticles composed of optically active nanoparticles. we seek particles for future “active nanocompos- ites” that can interface with electronics and change their properties when required. current research ultrathin nanowires for flexible electronics the thinnest gold wires that we synthesized are only 10 gold atoms thick (ca. 1.6 nm in diameter), but many micrometers long (figure 1). at such small diameter, gold wires appear transparent, bending easily and elastically, and seem to be ideal wires to create flexible, transparent electronics. in 2015, we demonstrated in the bmbf-project nanospekt that the wires are useful for electronics, but first we had to overcome two problems. ultrathin gold wires break apart at room temperature. their surface en- ergy is so large that the wires tend to decompose into spheres, thus degrading conductivity drasti- cally. we developed techniques to slightly coarsen zusammenfassung der programmbereich strukturbildung untersucht grundlegen- de mechanismen der strukturbildung aus molekülen, poly- meren und kolloidalen partikeln und wendet sie zur herstel- lung neuer materialien aus flüssigen vorstufen an. wir setzen partikel und polymere durch nassbeschichten zusammen und untersuchen, wie die eigenschaften von komposit- und hybridmaterialien von ihrer mikrostruktur abhängen, indem wir systematisch größe, geometrie, zusammensetzung und anordnung der komponenten variieren. wir beobachten, wie mikrostruktur und innere grenzflächen entstehen und materi- aleigenschaften bestimmen. diese methode wenden wir zum beispiel auf transparent leitfähige schichten aus metallischen nanopartikeln für die elektronik, suprapartikel aus optisch ak- tiven partikeln und leitfähige komposite her. wir suchen parti- kel, aus denen sich zukünftig „aktive nanokomposite“ herstel- len lassen, die mit elektronik verbunden ihre eigenschaften bei bedarf ändern können. dr. tobias kraus is a chemical engineer trained at tu munich, mit, and the university of neuchâtel. he obtained his phd at eth zurich and the ibm research labo- ratory. his interests span physical chemistry, sur- face science, and process engineering. he has been appointed deputy head of the innovationcenter inm. dr. tobias kraus gruppenberichte / group reports // grenzflächenmaterialien / interface materials
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 17 the wires by soft sintering in plasma. the resulting wires are thick enough to be stable but thin enough to be transparent. this step also solves the second problem of the ultrathin wires: after preparation by chemical synthesis the wires are covered with an organic shell, which is insulating and renders films of wires non-conductive. we optimized the plasma sintering such that the layers are removed and con- ductive links form between the wires. unexpected clusters of polymers and nanoparticles proteins form very stable dispersions. in the hu- man body, they stay dispersed until they arrange into cell components. uncontrolled agglomeration causes diseases. mixtures of proteins and nanopar- ticles are usually less stable. many proteins let nanoparticles agglomerate into an undefined mix of growing particles that eventually settle. only if the concentration of proteins is very large do they stabilize certain particles and keep them in dispersion. surprisingly, there exists an intermedi- ate case. studies on protein-nanoparticle interac- tions that we performed in collaboration with the program division nano cell interactions showed that in certain concentration ratios, nanoparticles and proteins agglomerate only briefly and form stable hybrid clusters that then remain dispersed. this unusual intermediate case is interesting for biomedical applications of nanoparticles, but also when analyzing the fate of nanoparticles in aqui- fers. the results were published as an editor’s highlight in acs nano. flexible x-ray detectors siemens is interested in x-ray detectors that are easier to produce than by current technology. we collaborated with siemens research and created hybrid x-ray detectors that combine materials from organic solar cells with inorganic particles. detec- tors from these new materials can be sprayed and provide high resolution. the material has been pre- sented in a nature photonics article. outlook as spray coating of electronics is of growing in- terest, we started a daad-funded collaboration with prof. paul mulvaney (melbourne university) to spray solar cells, which will continue and ex- pand. spray coating high-performance materials requires understanding the behavior of particles in the sprayed droplets. nanoparticle stability and agglomerate structure remain a core topic of the group. we are expanding the studies to a wider range of technologically relevant materials that in- clude semiconductors. ultrathin gold nanowires agglomerate in an un- usual way by forming bundles. recent results show that this bundling can be used to print electronic circuitry: we use a stamp to control the bundling and to create fibers with geometries both conduc- tive and transparent. this could enable a printing process yielding transparent flexible circuitry in a single step. ultrahin gold nanowires are fascinating building blocks for flexible and transparent electronics. 100 nm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201517
18 schaltbare mikrofluidik / switchable microfluidics mission the junior research group switchable microfluidics was initiated in 2015. it is supported by the project “organic/synthetic multifunctional meso-produc- tion units” of the leibniz research cluster (lrc) and aims to develop switchable structural surfaces to meet emerging needs in biosynthesis, biomedicine, antifouling, optical imaging, adhesion, and other areas. to this end, we design and synthesize novel smart materials including both liquid and solid that can change their properties such as volume, shape, wettability, optical performance, adhesion, mechan- ical strength, and surface geometry under external stimuli. these compounds are fabricated into respon- sive components by various approaches such as po- lymerization, self-assembly, molecular recognition, or blend. furthermore, we study the application of nano/microtechnologies on the fabrication of novel materials. take advantage of these technologies, we assemble either the novel compounds or the respon- sive components into switchable surfaces. current research switchable micro-reactor platform we develop switchable meso-structural surfaces as micro-reactor platforms that permit simultaneous and unprecedented levels of control over reaction pathways. this project is inspired by the com- partmentalized synthetic strategy in living cells: chemical reactions initiated under defined con- ditions, conclude at the required degree with de- sired product that can be automatically transferred to the next reaction compartment, in a program- mable and precisely controlled mode. to mimic this, we design a complex structure consisting of zusammenfassung die juniorforschungsgruppe schaltbare mikrofluidik wurde 2015 eingerichtet. sie wird durch das projekt „bio/synthetische mul- tifunktionale mikro-produktionseinheiten” des leibniz research clusters (lrc) gefördert. ihr ziel ist die entwicklung schaltbarer strukturierter oberflächen zur anwendung in gebieten wie bi- osynthese, biomedizin, anwuchsverhinderung, bildgebung und adhäsion. zu diesem zweck entwickeln und synthetisieren wir neue intelligente materialien, die ihre eigenschaften wie volu- men, form, benetzbarkeit, optische und mechanische eigen- schaften, adhäsion und oberflächengeometrie in abhängigkeit von äußeren einflüssen ändern können. diese verbindungen werden über diverse ansätze, wie z. b. polymerisation, selbst organisation, molekulare wiedererkennung oder mischung zu responsiven komponenten verarbeitet. außerdem untersuchen wir die anwendung von nano- und mikrotechnologien für die herstellung neuer materialien. auf basis dieser verbindungen und komponenten werden schaltbare oberflächen hergestellt. dr. jiaxi cui is a chemist trained at peking university, max-plank-institute for polymer research, mainz, and harvard. he received his phd at peking univer- sity with a dissertation on polymer chemistry and supramolecular materials. since 2015, he has been head of the junior rese- arch group switchable microfluidics. dr. jiaxi cui gruppenberichte / group reports // grenzflächenmaterialien / interface materials
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 19 meso-structured surface with geometrically ar- ranged hollow pillars and soft actuating system that can switch the channels. in 2015, the first proof-of-concept that the soft actuating system is able to control the tilting of pillars was achieved. we will fabricate hollow pillars and combine soft actuating system to create the reactor platform. mobile surface liquids constitute a novel structured material to create a multifunctional surface. while most of current systems focus on inert liquids, we develop novel mobile surfaces by infusing ther- mo-responsive oils into porous substrates. the oils consisting of silicone and oligo(ethylene gly- col) are prepared in a very green method: solvent free, at room temperature, with nearly quantita- tive yield, and especially, produced for direct use. they display lower critical solution temperatures (lcst) in water. we investigate the stabilization of porous polypropylene membranes to these oils and how the thermo-responsiveness of these oils switches surface wettability, optical properties, and the penetrability of fluids (i. e. water). tough hydrogel hydrogels are materials that consist of cross- linked polymer networks dispersed in water. they can undergo significant volume changes under external stimuli and thus constitute prom- ising actuating systems. however, the relatively poor mechanical behavior of hydrogels remains a challenge, impeding their use in real-world ap- plications that require mechanical integrity. we develop novel approaches for preparing tough and responsive hydrogel materials. in collabora- tion with the research group of prof. joost vlas- sak, harvard, we have designed a hierarchical system of non-covalent crosslinks that can lead to superior stretchability and damage recovery. we extend this approach to other polymer sys- tems for special functions such as high elastic modulus, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stimuli-responsiveness. outlook the group will continue the research topics on the development of actuating soft material systems and the fabrication of meso-structural surfaces with hollow pillars. we will focus on two kinds of actu- ating soft systems, responsive hydrogel and liquid crystal elastomer. we will seek third-party fundings to support the development of hydrogel materials in either independent or collaborative ways. stim- uli-responsive mechanisms will be integrated to the tough hydrogel systems we have developed. in parallel, we will synthesize liquid crystal monomers and apply novel approaches to fabricate them into liquid crystal elastomers in a 2.5 or 3d mode. these materials will either be used directly to prepare or integrated into meso-structural surfaces for getting primary switchable microfluidic systems that can respond to an external stimulus (i. e. light). mobile surface with thermo-responsive wettability. write at 20 °c erase at 40 °c jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201519
20 biogrenzflächen / bio interfaces gruppenberichte / group reports
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 21 das forschungsfeld biogrenzflächen im forschungsfeld biogrenzflächen werden for- schungs- und entwicklungsarbeiten betrieben, deren themen sich auf die schnittstelle zwischen materialwissenschaft und biologie bzw. medizin konzentrieren. schwerpunkte sind die steuerung von zellen durch zellinstruktive materialien, per- spektiven der ressourcen- und umweltschonenden herstellung von materialien mittels adaptierter biomineralisation sowie die interaktionen zwi- schen nanopartikulären substanzen und zellen, geweben und organen. das forschungsfeld trägt schwerpunktmäßig zu den inm-leitthemen b (medizinische ober- flächen) und d (nanosicherheit/nano-bio) bei. im forschungsfeld wird zudem der leibniz-for- schungsverbund nanosicherheit koordiniert (pro- grammbereich nano zell interaktionen). im sommer 2015 wurde der programmbereich cvd/ biooberflächen nach weggang des leiters aufgelöst. im september 2015 wurde der neue programmbe- reich dynamische biomaterialien unter leitung der neuen wissenschaftlichen geschäftsführerin des inm eingerichtet. das forschungsfeld besteht zum 31.12.2015 aus drei programmbereichen: programmbereich biomineralisation, leitung: pd dr. ingrid weiss programmbereich dynamische biomaterialien, leitung: prof. dr. aránzazu del campo programmbereich nano zell interaktionen, leitung: dr. annette kraegeloh the research field bio interfaces in the research field bio interfaces, the research and development activities concentrate on the in- terface between materials science and biology or medicine. focus areas comprise the development of biomaterials able to trigger cell responses on de- mand, up to cell programming, perspectives of re- source- and environmentally friendly synthesis of materials by adapted biomineralization as well as the interactions between nanoparticles and cells, tissues and organs. the research field contributes especially to inm’s lead topics b (medical surfaces) and d (nanosafe- ty /nano-bio). furthermore, the leibniz research alliance nanosafety is coordinated within this research field (program division nano cell inter- actions). in summer 2015, the program division cvd/bio- surfaces was terminated after the leaving of the head of the group. in september 2015, the new program division dynamic biomaterials, headed by the new scientific director of inm, was estab- lished. the research field bio interfaces consists of three program divisions (as of december 31, 2015): program division biomineralization, head: pd dr. ingrid weiss program division dynamic biomaterials, head: prof. dr. aránzazu del campo program division nano cell interactions, head: dr. annette kraegeloh mehr informationen über das forschungsfeld biogrenz- flächen finden sie hier. more informations about the research field bio interfaces. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201521
22 biomineralisation / biomineralization mission the program division biomineralization at inm combines inspiration and tools from interdisci- plinary fields to investigate formation mecha- nisms of biological materials, such as pearls or peacock feathers. it aims at identifying the fun- damental regulatory networks that can be ex- ploited by extracellular matrix (ecm)-oriented materials science approaches using techniques established in the biointerfaces groups at inm. in 2015, we discerned for the first time, distinct ini- tial steps in the self-assembly process of biogenic nanoparticles, which were previously isolated from the hierarchically structured and mineralized ecm. based on understanding and manipulating such fundamental mechanisms, we hope to be able to broaden the applications of new materials in novel areas of biosciences. current research manipulating the ecm for tailored mineralization a novel gene expression system was generated for easy manipulation of the extracellular matrix (ecm) with various biomacromolecules derived from biominerals. in liquid systems, it is difficult to gain control over mineral nucleation and growth. therefore, the effect of novel ecm components de- rived from synthetic genes was studied in cell cul- tures grown on mineralized substrates. depend- ing on the amino acid composition of the foreign protein, the growth mode of the cells as well as the respective mechanical properties of the ecm deposited on the mineralized substrate varied so strongly that the performed functional screening was extremely fast and simple. zusammenfassung der programmbereich biomineralisation erforscht die prinzipi- en komplex aufgebauter materialien lebender organismen und sucht nach neuen möglichkeiten, diese auf technologisch her- stellbare multifunktions-materialien zu übertragen. im fokus stehen dabei unterschiedlichste biopolymere der extrazellulä- ren matrix und ihre wechselwirkung mit anorganischen kompo- nenten. im laufe der evolution wurde eine vielzahl molekularer wechselwirkungen optimiert, die durch selbstassemblierung zu strukturell bevorzugten kompositmaterialien führen. basie- rend auf diesen grundlagen lassen sich nun auch neue wege im hinblick auf das design von biogrenzflächen beschreiten. im jahr 2015 gelang es uns erstmals, einzelne teilschritte im selbstorganisationsprozess nanoskaliger mineralkomposite zu identifizieren. einen zukünftigen neuen schwerpunkt unserer forschung bildet die etablierung und erweiterung molekularer werkzeuge, um die interaktion von geweben mit natürlichen oder künstlichen materialien maßzuschneidern. pd dr. ingrid m. weiss received her doctorate in biophysics at the tu mu- nich. after a postdoctoral stay at the weizmann in- stitute of science, israel, she performed her habili- tation at the university of regensburg, where she is privatdozent for biochem- istry since 2008, when she also became head of the program division at inm. pd dr. ingrid m. weiss gruppenberichte / group reports // biogrenzflächen / bio interfaces
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 23 alignment of mineralized ecm nanoparticles one of our strongest expertises is the investigation of hard materials of natural origin that form within or at the interface of an originally soft ecm. aim- ing at understanding how an almost perfect align- ment of mineral nanocrystals occurs in the ecm of some animals, we isolated the natural nanocrystals and studied their behavior in the absence of or- ganic components in aqueous environments. the distinct steps identified for the assembly of the particles into crystallographically aligned rods, and subsequent aggregation of the rods into 3d objects, suggests a robust formation mechanism which is at least partly driven by purely inorgan- ic recognition processes at the nano-scale in vitro. in contradiction to current understanding, we observed no direct involvement of proteins. our investigations relied on high-resolution electron microscopy in scanning and transmission imag- ing modes, accompanied by a combination of bio- chemical techniques. optical effects in the ecm of fungi while butterflies are well-known examples for nanostructured chitinous materials that give rise to structural colors, not very much attention is paid to the optical properties of chitinous ecm of fungi. one specific fungus is known for producing colored hyphae was investigated by using various optical methods including lc-polscope birefrin- gent measurements in combination with electron microscopic techniques. several lines of evidence justify the conclusion that this fungus’s specific cell wall architecture and composition produc- es structural colors. this work was performed in close collaboration with inm-fellow prof. jacobs. outlook complementary strategies are developed in close collaboration with the program division dynamic biomaterials to generate light-switchable biomac- romolecules by protein bioengineering methods. such fundamental knowledge will lead to new ma- terials for advanced biomedical applications, where cell-materials interactions are tailored at the molec- ular and developmental scale and, thus, predictable in space and time. light microscopic investigation of color effects exhibited by chitinous ecm materials of fungal origin in various imaging modes. a broad range of brilliant colors is observed with crossed polarizers (bottom). image courtesy: j. bansemer. 100 µm 100 µm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201523
24 dynamische biomaterialien / dynamic biomaterials mission the program division dynamic biomaterials de- velops instructive materials able to communicate with cells and guide their fate. using responsive polymeric materials, we engineer artificial scaf- folds that recreate the natural cellular microen- vironment (extracellular matrix), including its biochemical composition and biophysical param- eters, as well as its ability to change properties over time. we apply these materials to study a cell’s capacity to read out materials’ parameters (local mechanics, topology, confinement…) and to respond to their cues, as it happens during devel- opment, aging or in pathological states. this in- formation leads to new biomaterial concepts and designs for tissue models and tissue engineering. current work the program division dynamic biomaterials joined inm in september 2015. in the following, selected research topics that lead to relevant results, pub- lications or cooperations within the few months will be described. new chemistries for selective biofunction- alization of hydrogels under physiological conditions wehavedevelopedmethylsulfonyl-basedco-mono- mers for quantitative and selective coupling of thiol-derivatized biomolecules to common hydro- gels used for cell culture or in biomedical applica- tions (i.e. poly(acrylamide) or poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gels). the comonomers do not inter- fere with radical polymerization reactions and can be easily incorporated into the main chain without altering the polymerisation yields and molecular zusammenfassung der programmbereich dynamische biomaterialien entwickelt zellinstruktive materialien, die mit zellen kommunizieren und deren verhalten steuern können. mithilfe responsiver polyme- re werden gerüststrukturen hergestellt, welche die natürliche mikroumgebung der zelle (extrazelluläre matrix) simulieren, einschließlich ihrer biochemischen zusammensetzung und bio- physikalischen parameter sowie ihrer fähigkeit, eigenschaften mit der zeit zu verändern. mittels dieser materialien untersu- chen wir, inwieweit eine zelle die parameter eines materials (lokale mechanismen, topologie, gebundenheit) auslesen und auf deren veränderungen reagieren kann, wie es während der entwicklung, des alterns oder in pathologischen zuständen der fall ist. diese informationen führen zu neuen konzepten in hin- sicht auf tissue engineering und gewebemodelle. prof. dr. aránzazu del campo joined inm as scientific director and group lead- er in september 2015. she is a polymer chemist and leads a research group in the field of biointerfaces since 2005. her previous appointment was as a min- erva fellow at the max planck institute for poly- mer research in mainz (2009-15). prof. dr. aránzazu del campo gruppenberichte / group reports // biogrenzflächen / bio interfaces
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 25 weights. the biofunctionalization reaction is selec- tive, quantitative and occurs under physiological conditions. methylsulfonyl-functionalized gels re- main biocompatible and allow selective control of cell behavior over precise ligand binding chemistry. engineering laminin-containing scaffolds for neuronal differentiation laminin is a structural protein of the extracellular matrix with relevant functions in neuronal devel- opment. we have developed a phototriggerable laminin peptidomimetic that can be incorporated into synthetic scaffolds to support growth and dif- ferentiation of neuronal stem cells. these biomate- rials allow light-directed, spatiotemporal control of axon growth and controlled design of neuronal net- works on a surface or a 3d matrix. the potential of this approach to direct the formation of the layered structure of cortex during brain development will be explored in the next year in in vitro tests. bioinspired strategy to control the poly merization kinetics of catechol-based hydrogels and adhesives catechol-derivatized polymers allow crosslink- ing and adhesion to tissue at physiological condi- tions. however, catechol polymerization is quick and difficult to control. we have demonstrated the possibility of tuning the polymerization kinetics of catechol-prepolymers by developing catechol monomers with different substituents in the ar- omatic ring. by mixing precursors with different substituents, the polymerization kinetics and the final crosslinking degree were tuned on demand. these are interesting properties for the application of catecholamine-peg gels as tissue glues or bio- materials for cell encapsulation. outlook the program division dynamic biomaterials will continue its activities in the field of responsive ma- terials, cell-ecm communication and bioadhesive coatings for medical and cosmetic applications. in 2016, special effort will be paid to identify and build up synergies with other groups at inm and to initiate cooperative projects. in particular, nano- mechanics aspects of the ecm and artificial inter- penetrating networks and their role in cellular mechanotransduction will be addressed in coop- eration with the progam division nanotribology. new biochemistry-based strategies to incorporate phototriggering units into structural proteins (col- lagen) to control their self-assembly and materials properties will be initiated in cooperation with the program division biomineralization. in parallel, cooperation with neighboring groups at uds, uks and research institutes in the cam- pus will be started. cooperation projects with the surgery (prof. tim pohlemann, uks) in the field of scaffolds for regenerative medicine, with biophys- ics group of prof. markus hoth (uks) in the field of materials models to investigate the inmunological synapse and the migration of t cells and with jun.- prof. franziska lautenschläger (uds) in the field of tuning cell mechanics with dynamic biomaterial scaffolds have already started. neuronal network on patterned substrates with laminin peptidomimetics. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201525
26 nano zell interaktionen / nano cell interactions mission the program division nano cell interactions ex- plores the effects of engineered nanoobjects on human cells. the motivation is to enable safe appli- cations of nanomaterials in technical and biomedi- cal fields by understanding how particle properties influence structure and biochemistry of the cells, and to elucidate mechanisms that affect uptake or location of nanoobjects with the purpose to pave the way for the design of safer nanomaterials. for this reason, well-defined inorganic nanoparticles (nps) are prepared and characterized using tech- niques such as super-resolution stimulated emis- sion depletion (sted) microscopy which permits to localize particles and cellular structures. further chemical, biochemical, and molecular biological techniques are employed for the analysis of the cellular responses. current research morpheus – a test platform for the safety of nanomaterials the zim (central innovation program for smes) project “morpheus” aims at developing a multi- parametric test platform to be used for an early hazard assessment of nanoparticles. this test plat- form, based on 3d liver microtissue, combines for the first time conventional indicators of tissue dam- age with an analysis of morphological markers. the testing comprises quantification of metabolic as well as functional markers. morphological mark- ers and nanoparticle penetration into the tissue will be analyzed via light microscopy. eventually, the project will focus on examining the influence of nanoparticles on the pharmacology of medical drugs. the zim project is run within the network zusammenfassung im programmbereich nano zell interaktionen geht es um die auswirkungen technisch hergestellter nanoobjekte auf mensch- liche zellen. die motivation hierzu ist, zu einer sicheren an- wendung von nanomaterialien in technischen und biomedizi- nischen bereichen beizutragen. ziel ist es zu verstehen, wie bestimmte partikeleigenschaften struktur und biochemie der zellen beeinflussen, und aufzuklären, welche mechanismen die aufnahme und lokalisation von nanoobjekten vermitteln. als untersuchungsobjekt werden nanopartikel aus anorganischen materialien gezielt hergestellt und charakterisiert. zur lokalisa- tion von partikeln und zellstrukturen werden vor allem licht-mi- kroskopische techniken eingesetzt. eine besonderheit der grup- pe ist der einsatz der hoch-auflösenden stimulated emission depletion (sted)-mikroskopie für diesen zweck. zur analyse der zellantwort werden darüber hinaus chemische, biochemische und molekularbiologische techniken verwendet. dr. annette kraegeloh received her doctorate in biology at the universi- ty of bonn. after joining the life science group at inm in 2004, she became the head of the program division nano cell inter- actions in 2008. in 2015, she opened a habilitation procedure at saarland uni- versity. dr. annette kraegeloh gruppenberichte / group reports // biogrenzflächen / bio interfaces
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 27 nanopharm and is carried out by pharmacelsus gmbh and inm over a period of three years. nanoparticle effects on lung cells under mechanical strain in the field of nanosafety, the lung plays an im- portant role as primary organ for the entrance of nanoparticles. lung epithelial cells are continuous- ly subjected to mechanical strain during breath- ing. in lung cells, nanoparticles were shown to be associated with lamellar bodies, the structures involved in exocytosis of lung surfactant. there- fore, nanoparticles might interfere with the for- mation and secretion of lung surfactant. the aim of a running doctoral project is to clarify if me- chanical strain modulates the uptake and effects of nanoparticles on lung epithelial cells in vitro. until now, no significant influence of nanoparticles and strain on expression of surfactant protein c were measured. regarding the influence of strain and nanoparticles on surfactant secretion, an analyt- ical method for dppc (dipalmitoylphosphatidyl- choline) quantification using hilic-esi-ms (hy- drophilic liquid chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry) was developed for this project by the service group chemical analytics. incorporation of proteins into silicon dioxide nanoparticles in the field of drug delivery and nanobiocatalysis, the incorporation of functional proteins and en- zymes into nanoparticles is of main importance in order to enhance protein stability and there- fore applicability of therapeutic protein delivery approaches. an in situ approach was developed en- abling incorporation of functional proteins (gfp) and enzymes (ß-galactosidase) during the forma- tion of small and well-dispersed silica nanoparti- cles. leaching experiments showed that gfp was stably coupled to the particle matrix. the synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles indicated functionality of the protein even if incorporated into the inner particle core. previous experiments using gfp la- beled silica nanoparticles indicated an increased temperature resistance of incorporated gfp. outlook within the horizon 2020 project nanoregii, the group will be involved in safe-by-design approach- es related to regulatory aspects of nanosafety. one main task is to derive the safety and functional- ity information needed to implement a novel approach of nanomaterial development. within a leibniz-doctoral project in cooperation with iuf-leibniz research institute for environmental medicine, dusseldorf, future studies will aim to decipher particle location in relation to compo- nents involved in early signaling events initiated or influenced by nanoparticles. within the leib- niz-research alliance nanosafety coordinated by inm, the group will be involved in studies related to nanomaterials toxicity, reception of nanosafety and nanotechnology as well as safe-by-design approaches for nanomaterial development. 3d liver microtissue. the nuclei of singe cells are shown in yellow. 100 µm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201527
28 nanokomposit-technologie / nanocomposite technology gruppenberichte / group reports
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 29 das forschungsfeld nanokomposit-technologie das forschungsfeld nanokomposit-technologie wid- met sich nichtmetallisch-anorganischen hybridma- terialien, vorwiegend in form von beschichtungen, und ihren funktionellen eigenschaften. schwerpunk- te sind nasschemische synthesemethoden und die nutzung von funktionalisierten nanopartikeln. der fokus der arbeiten liegt in der verwendung der kon- zepte für industrielle anwendungen. die materialien werden für den einsatz beispielsweise in den berei- chen elektronik, medizintechnik, optik, automobil, displays, erneuerbare energien sowie maschinenbau und elektrotechnik entwickelt und optimiert. dieses forschungsfeld trägt schwerpunktmäßig zu den inm-leitthemen a (energieanwendungen), c (tribologische systeme) und d (nanosicher- heit/nano-bio) bei. es vertritt zudem das inm im forschungscampus camplusq, einer gemein- schaftsinitiative der ingenieurwissenschaften der universität des saarlandes und ihrer benachbarten außeruniversitären forschungsinstitute (pro- grammbereich nanomere). das forschungsfeld nanokomposit-technologie be- steht zum 31.12.2015 aus zwei programmbereichen: programmbereich nanomere, leitung: dr. carsten becker-willinger programmbereich optische materialien, leitung: dr. peter w. de oliveira the research field nanocomposite technology the research field nanocomposite technology addresses non-metallic-inorganic hybrid materials and their functional, especially optical, tribologi- cal, and protective properties. key aspects are wet chemical synthesis methods and the use of functio- nalized nanoparticles. a strong focus is put on the utilization of concepts for applications in indust- ry. the materials are developed and optimized for applications, for example, in electronics, medicine, optics, automotive, display technology, renewab- le energies as well as construction and electrical engineering. this research field contributes significantly to inm’s lead topics a (energy applications), c (tri- bology) and d (nanosafety/nano-bio). furthermo- re, it represents inm within the forschungscam- pus camplusq, a joint initiative of the engineering sciences at saarland universities and its neigh- boring non-university research institutes (pro- gram division nanomers). the research field nanocomposite technology consists of two program divisions (as of december 31, 2015): program division nanomers, head: dr. carsten becker-willinger program division optical materials, head: dr. peter w. de oliveira mehr informationen über das forschungsfeld nanokomposit- technologie finden sie hier. more informations about the research field nanocomposite technology. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201529
30 mission the activities of the program division nanomers comprise the development of functional coatings and bulks based on polymer-matrix composites. a strong focus is set on application-oriented proj- ects for materials used in industry. areas of inter- est are corrosion protection, control of friction, anti-microbial functionality or wear resistance combined with transparency and barrier prop- erties. fields of application can be found in elec- tronics, medical devices and optics as well as in automotive, mechanical and electrical engineering. current research the focus of the activities was set on corrosion protection coatings for mild steel, copper and alu- minum. within the fp7 eu-project weldaprime (“self-repairable zinc-free weldable anti-corro- sion primer for the steel protection”), we have developed hybrid nanocomposite coatings derived from sol-gel processing, which form stable bonds to the metal surface. incorporating nanoparticles, these hybrid coatings are more stable than the cre- ated rust because the nanoparticles act as active corrosion inhibitors equivalent to zinc. fields of application as intermediate storage and transpor- tation protection can be found in the automotive, construction, oil, gas or shipyard industries. at the milestone in july 2015, the project was positively assessed by the ec and can therefore be followed up in 2016. diffusion barrier layers based on highly structured composite materials that show excellent adhesion and abrasion resistance were used as a materi- als base in an industrial project concerning the zusammenfassung im programmbereich nanomere wird an polymermatrix- basierten kompositen mit nano- und mikroskaligen funkti- onselementen geforscht. organische polymere werden ebenso als bindemittel eingesetzt wie hybride organisch-anorganische matrizes. ziel ist die nutzbarmachung neuer werkstoffeigen- schaften für industrielle anwendungen. neue beschichtungs- zusammensetzungen werden über nasschemische prozesse bereitgestellt und sind mit industrieüblichen techniken ver- arbeitbar. besonders interessant sind keramische und metal- lische füllstoffe, die in kombination mit maßgeschneiderten partikel/matrix-grenzflächen den transfer physikalischer ei- genschaften anorganischer materialien in polymere und be- schichtungen erlauben. neben beschichtungen werden auch thermoplastische kompaktwerkstoffe erzeugt, wobei schwer- metallfreier korrosionsschutz, reibungskontrolle, antimikrobi- elle wirkung und transparente, abriebfeste gasdiffusionsbarri- eren im fokus stehen. dr.-ing. carsten becker-willinger studied chemistry at the albert-ludwigs-universität in freiburg majoring in macromolecular chemistry. from 1993 to 1998, he worked at inm on his doc- toral thesis on thermo- plastic nanocomposites. in 2001, he became head of the program division nanomers. nanomere / nanomers dr.-ing. carsten becker-willinger gruppenberichte / group reports // nanokomposit-technologie / nanocomposite technology
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 31 protection of copper against sulfur-compound-in- duced corrosion phenomena. the project was suc- cessfully conducted in close co-operation with the innovationcenter inm. it was finished by the end of 2015 and the material will be implemented in the production line of the customer in 2016. dem- onstrators showing the obtained material perfor- mance as well as oral presentations to the topic of highly structured corrosion-protection coat- ings were presented at hanover fair, techconnect world conference (washington) and eurocorr 2015. investigations on newly developed plate- let-shaped metal-phosphate particulate additives were extended to prove their active corrosion-pro- tection mechanisms in coatings, in particular on steel. the corrosion-protection behavior was inves- tigated with standardized weathering tests, local corrosion measurements using scanning vibration electrode (svet), and integral protection capabil- ity measurements, which were carried out with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis). another research topic dealt with abrasion-resis- tant low-friction coatings combining tribological coatings for dry lubrication with corrosion protec- tion. the results of the focus project flakelub were presented at the techconnect world exhibition and conference and got strong resonance. appli- cations of these coatings are actually followed up as possibly useful for industry in mechanical en- gineering. further work on particulate additives was per- formed in the synthesis of high-refractive-index barium-titanate nanoparticles and functional- ized copper colloids. based on the copper-colloid technology platforms of inm, the bmbf project biopolymed (“biodegradierbare polymerbasierte einwegsysteme in der intensivmedizin”) started at the end of 2015. the project primarily aims to de- velop medical equipment with antimicrobial activ- ity. to ensure its biodegradability upon disposal as waste in a reasonable timescale is one of the major challenges to be solved during the project. further industrial applications are explored for this tech- nology platform, following up on the knowledge created during the fp7 eu-project cuvito. outlook future work in the program division will be con- cerned with hygienic, antimicrobial coatings for everyday life beyond medical applications. two inm-patent applications filed in 2013 dealing with appropriate metal-colloid particles will be used to acquire more industrial projects, especially with smes. we will investigate the active corro- sion-protection behavior and the influence of the degree of filling and processing parameters on the particle orientation of platelet-type fillers, in par- ticular the anisotropic metal-phosphate particles in composites, to achieve high-barrier properties and high mechanical strength. cross section of a polymer-matrix composite containing zinc-phosphate flakes. 2.0 µm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201531
32 mission the program division optical materials focuses on the development of composite materials for the functionalization of glass, ceramic and polymeric substrates to interact with electromagnetic radia- tion. our expertise in wet chemical syntheses of or- ganic-inorganic matrices combined with experience in the production of nanoparticles with specific chemical modifications allows the development of new optical materials for coating applications. also, we fine-tune the chemical and physical properties of the new materials to fulfil the requirements of specific products and processes. current research a number of projects on fundamental aspects of nanomaterials opened new possibilities for the development of materials for printed electronics, lighting, and energy. building on these advanced industrial projects in the area of touch screens, glass and ceramic composites have created alterna- tive products and/or production processes for the optical industry. as photometallization is expected to be an alterna- tive to expensive ito in touch panel technology, an inm focus project was started in 2015. tio2 is used as the photocatalyst for the deposition of silver. for an economic process, photocatalytic activity in the visible range is important. thus, doping of the tio2 photocatalyst was conducted to achieve a decrease of the band gap. thus photocatalytic silver depo- sition at wavelengths up to 405 nm and a higher efficiency with uv were achieved. zusammenfassung der programmbereich optische materialien erforscht beschich- tungswerkstoffe mit besonderen eigenschaften, deren funkti- on auf der wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischer strahlung beruht. die entwicklung von neuen optischen beschichtungen umfasst materialsynthese sowie applikations- und strukturie- rungstechniken. in nationalen und internationalen kooperati- onen wurden im jahr 2015 die folgenden themen bearbeitet: verbesserte fotoabscheidung von silber- und kupferschichten, biokompatible und photochrome komposite, entwicklung neu- artiger drucktinten auf der basis innovativer transparent leit- fähiger materialien, entwicklung von funktionell dekorativen beschichtungssystemen für die oberflächenveredelung von haushaltsgeräten, glasartige beschichtungen mit optimierter biokompatibilität für kardiovaskuläre implantate sowie die herstellung von leuchtpartikeln mit zusammensetzungen der mischkristallreihe (y,gd)2o3:eu (in kooperation mit dem pro- grammbereich strukturbildung). dr. peter w. de oliveira optische materialien / optical materials dr. peter w. de oliveira gruppenberichte / group reports // nanokomposit-technologie / nanocomposite technology has been head of the program division optical materials since 2005. he studied physics in brazil and came to the inm after obtaining his diploma and master’s degree. he also heads the innovationcen- ter inm.
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 33 the development of a flexible new material with improved optical properties for the manufacture of intraocular lenses was the subject of a 2015 success- fully finished project under the zim scheme of the german federal ministry for economic affairs and energy. artificial intraocular lenses are implanted into cataract patients, where a surgical removal of the turbid lens is the only feasible way to prevent blindness. the new material can adjust to the sur- rounding brightness, thus reducing discomforting glare effects to the bearers. successfully finished in 2015 was the project “hop-x” funded by the german federal minis- try of education and research. the co-operation project focused on organic detectors for x-rays with a more favorable production route and better resolution than current detectors. the new organ- ic detector materials are substances which absorb x-rays and convert them into visible light. the sen- sors can be fabricated by printing or spray coating them onto a substrate more cost-effective than the state of the art detectors. we developed and deliv- ered nanoparticle samples of scintillator materials and also worked on the formulation of polymer composites of these scintillators (co-operation with the program division structure formation). the new european horizon2020 project “infinity” was started with the target of developing a new materials base for printing transparent conduc- tive structures. our main goal is the replacement of indium due to its critical raw material status. we develop alternative materials using widely available metallic elements compatible with sol- gel and printing technologies and low temperature processes to be printed on flexible substrates. new formulations will enable printing of mixed metal oxide coatings employing low-cost materials. new treatment processes to convert coated materials to high performance conductive structures at low temperature. the inm develops the materials and inks and defines the printing process. a lasting strategic development partnership with a large industrial partner from asia continues to result in a row of projects focusing on functional decorative coatings for the finishing of surfaces e. g. for consumer goods like large appliances and electronics. in 2015, several projects were success- fully executed. the targets of the single projects were the development of coating systems with improved wear protection of the surfaces, special decorative effects or improved hardness, always to- gether with secondary functions such as reduced fingerprint visibility or easy cleanability. outlook the combination of optical effects, material devel- opment and processing has been a core strategy of the program division optical materials. it has contributed to the sustainability of the technolog- ical platform and the balance between basic and applied research. our long-term goal is to under- stand how material development can be used to ac- cess new optical effects as a basis for new products and to transfer these technologies to the market. luminescent samples of scintillator nanoparticles. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201533
34 querschnittsfeld / cross linking activities gruppenberichte / group reports
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 35 das querschnittsfeld im querschnittsfeld sind übergreifende forschungs- und entwicklungsthemen zusammengefasst, die neben eigener forschung die arbeit der anderen programmbereiche unterstützen. so wendet der programmbereich innovative elektronenmikroskopie die elektronenmikroskopische methodik auf neue matrialwissenschaftliche und biologische frage- stellungen an. die arbeiten des programmbereichs modellierung/simulation zielen auf forschungsar- beiten, die methodische beiträge zu anderen for- schungsfeldern leisten. das innovationszentrum inm verbindet die wissenschafts- und technologie- basis des inm mit industrieunternehmen. es koor- diniert kooperationsprojekte mit der industrie und setzt diese um. zusätzlich bietet es beratung und analytische serviceleistungen an. das querschnittsfeld besteht zum 31.12.2015 aus drei programmbereichen: programmbereich innovative elektronen- mikroskopie, leitung: prof. dr. niels de jonge programmbereich modellierung/simulation, leitung: n. n. programmbereich innovationszentrum inm, leitung: dr. peter w. de oliveira, stv. leitung: dr. tobias kraus servicebereiche die forschungsfelder des inm werden in ihrer arbeit von vier servicebereichen unterstützt. der servicebereich chemische analytik bietet ein brei- tes spektrum analytischer dienstleistungen. der servicebereich physikalische analytik betreibt v.a. elektronenoptische und röntgenanalytische verfah- ren. der servicebereich engineering entwickelt und stellt anlagen und komponenten, von kleinen la- borgeräten bis zu großen pilotanlagen, für die pro- grammbereiche her. die bibliothek erbringt service- leistungen im bereich information, dokumentation, recherche und dokumentlieferung. cross linking activities this area combines comprehensive research and de- velopment activities, which are supposed to method- ically complement the competencies of the research fields. among these activities, independent scientif- ic research is of particular importance. for example the program division innovative electron microsco- py works on the application of electron microscopic techniques to material-related and biological prob- lems. the work of the program division modelling/ simulation aims at research providing a methodic contribution to other program divisions. the innova- tioncenter inm links the scientific and technological basis of inm with industry. it coordinates cooperation projects with industry and implements them. addi- tionally, it offers consulting and analytical services. the cross linking activities area consists of three program divisions (as of december 31, 2015): program division innovative electron microscopy, head: prof. dr. niels de jonge program division modelling/simulation, head: n. n. program division innovationcenter inm, head: dr. peter w. de oliveira, deputy head: dr. tobias kraus service groups four service groups support the research fields of inm in their work. the service group chemical analytics provides analytical tools and knowledge ranging from standard characterization procedures to the development of complex new analysis routes. the service group physical analytics covers elec- tron optical and x-ray analytical investigations. the service group engineering deals with the develop- ment and construction of devices and components, from small laboratory scale equipment up to pilot plant scale devices, for the program divisions. the library of the inm provides services in the area of information and documentation. mehr informationen über das querschnittsfeld finden sie hier. more informations about the cross linking activities area. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201535
36 innovative elektronenmikroskopie / innovative electron microscopy mission nanoscale characterization is essential for the growth of modern nanotechnology and biology. the pro- gram division innovative electron microscopy (iem) conducts interdisciplinary research at the interface of biophysics, cell biology, bio-nanotechnology, materi- als science, physics of electron microscopy, and im- age processing. the group pioneers the technology of in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem) of specimens in liquid. we also develop nov- el strategies for three-dimensional (3d) stem. the group houses a state-of-the-art electron microscopy researchfacilityinvolvingaberrationcorrectedstem (arm200, jeol), environmental scanning electron microscopy (esem, quanta, fei), and fluorescence microscopy (dmi6000, leica). various research col- laborations exist both with academia and industry. students and users obtain high-quality training on modern electron microscopy in our group. current research growth factor receptors in cancer cells our research involves members of the epider- mal growth factor receptor (egfr) family. her2, one of the egfr family members, is overex- pressed in certain types of breast cancer, there- by contributing significantly to dysregulated cell growth. we have studied the intra- and in- tercellular variation of her2 at the single-mol- ecule level in intact skbr3 breast cancer cells. of major interest is to analyze differences in protein function between individual cancer cells (cancer cell heterogeneity) and between distinct functional membrane regions within the same cell. with our approach it is possi- ble to study the effect of cancer drugs on small zusammenfassung eine nanometergenaue materialcharakterisierung ist unabding- bar für die weiterentwicklung der modernen nanotechnologie, der energiewissenschaft und der biologie. der programmbereich innovative elektronenmikroskopie (iem) betreibt interdiszipli- näre forschung an der schnittstelle von biophysik, zellbiologie, bio-nanotechnologie, materialwissenschaft, physik der elekt- ronenmikroskopie und bildverarbeitung. zur dreidimensiona- len atomstrukturanalyse und zur chemischen materialanalyse sowie für die untersuchung von biologischen systemen und funktionellen materialien in flüssigkeit stehen dem programm- bereich ein hochmodernes rastertransmissions-elektronenmi- kroskop (jeol arm200f) und weitere mikroskope wie ein esem (fei quanta) und ein fluoreszensmikroskop (leica, dmi6000) zur verfügung. wir haben vielfältige forschungskooperationen innerhalb des inm sowie mit verschiedenen universitäten und der industrie. prof. dr. niels de jonge is a biophysicist working on electron microscopy (em) of specimens in liq- uid, membrane proteins in cells, and three-dimen- sional em. he has been head of innovative electron microscopy since january 2012, and he is honorary professor of experimental physics at the saarland university. prof. dr. niels de jonge gruppenberichte / group reports // querschnittsfeld / cross linking activities
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 37 sub-populations of cells, aiming to increase the effectiveness of her2 targeting drugs. stoichiometry of calcium channels liquid stem is being used to study the stoichiom- etry of complexes formed by trpv6 proteins in cos7 cells. trpv6 proteins oligomerize into calci- um-selective cation channels in the plasma mem- brane. trpv6 proteins thus could be a prognostic marker for prostate- and breast cancer. however, x-ray crystallographic data is so far not available. we aim to determine the subunit stoichiometry via liquid stem. such data is crucial for the under- standing of ion channel function and their target- ing by drugs. several other types of calcium chan- nels are being studied as well. studying the behavior of nanomaterials in liquid tem and stem of liquid specimen offer unique options to study the nanometer-scale dynamic pro- cesses occurring in liquid. we have recently stud- ied the electron beam induced electrochemistry of gold nanoparticles under varied liquid conditions, and we discovered that nanoparticles in close proximity of a surface do not move as predicted by brownian motion but many orders of magnitude slower, possibly explained by the presence of an interface layer of ordered liquid with exceptionally high viscosity. 3d stem the primary method currently used for obtaining insight into the three-dimensional (3d) organiza- tion of cellular structures is tilt series transmission electron microscopy (tem). however, its applica- tion is limited on account of the high tilt angles of up to 70°, and it is a challenge to image microme- ter-thick samples containing whole cells for exam- ple. we have developed a novel 3d stem technique for obtaining nanometer resolution on thick speci- mens. aberration-corrected 3d stem is capable of high-resolution 3d imaging without a tilt stage. we are currently improving the vertical resolution by combining focal- and tilt series stem. outlook we expect several additional grants will be fund- ed in the near future. one of our future aims is to study processes of protein complexes occurring in eukaryotic cells, to develop a new characterization method for membrane proteins in cancer cells and at the solid:liquid interface in materials science by combining liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem) with high resolution fluores- cence microscopy. with this novel microscopy method we may possibly discover new phenomena that are not visible with existing microscopy meth- ods. we expect growing activities in the biomedi- cal field through the interaction with the program division dynamic biomaterials. the sample is enclosed between two electron transparent silicon nitride membranes separating the liquid from the vacuum. ordered liquid layer results in exceptional slow movement of gold nanoparticles. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201537
38 gruppenberichte / group reports // querschnittsfeld / cross linking activities mission the innovationcenter inm (innovationszentrum inm) was established in 2014 to link inm's scien- tific and technological base with industry. inm's impact on industrial production depends on close links with industrial partners, and the innovation- center inm supports all program divisions of inm in the acquisition of industrial projects through professional science-to-business marketing. the center develops coherent innovation strategies and actively presents them at trade fairs and con- ferences. the innovationcenter inm adapts the technology platforms of the inm to cater for the particular requirements of industry. the innova- tioncenter inm has experienced staff, state-of-the- art facilities and equipment required for upscal- ing, process development, plant development, and quality assurance. zusammenfassung 2014 wurde das innovationszentrum inm nach einer neuori- entierung und neufirmierung als verbindungsstelle zwischen dem inm und der wirtschaft etabliert. seine hauptaufgabe ist der transfer der wissenschaftlich-technischen material- und verfahrensbasis des inm in handwerk und industrie, sowohl national als auch international. das innovationszentrum inm bietet nicht nur die koordination und umsetzung von koopera- tionsvorhaben und beratungsleistungen an, es offeriert zusätz- lich auch dienstleistungen für chemische und physikalische analysen. eine die reine materialentwicklung begleitende vali- dierung und optimierung der produktionsprozesse ermöglicht eine kontinuierliche und effiziente umsetzung neuer ideen vor dem hintergrund starken wettbewerbs und zunehmend verkürzter produktzyklen bei high-tech-produkten. die exper- tise in wissenschaft und ingenieurswesen sowie das breite forschungsportfolio des inm eröffnen eine fülle an entwick- lungsmöglichkeiten und anknüpfungspunkten für industrielle umsetzungen. innovationszentrum inm / innovationcenter inm dr. peter w. de oliveira, dr. tobias kraus is the head of the innovationcenter inm. he studied physics in brazil and came to the inm after obtaining his diploma and master's degree. he has also headed the program division optical materials since 2005. dr. peter w. de oliveira has been head of the program division structure formation since 2014. addi- tionally, he is deputy head of the innovationcenter inm and responsible for its analytical services. dr. tobias kraus
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 39 current research & development barrier coating for electronic parts in 2014, a protective coating to prevent corrosion of conductor lines on electronic parts was developed and successfully scaled up. in the last step of the up- scaling process, the deposition process of the coating was transferred to the industrial coating equipment of our industry partner. fully functional electronic parts were coated during an application test with the coating systems. those coated parts are now used for long time tests under their usual working condi- tions. the entire upscaling process was performed in cooperation with the program division nanomers. multifunctional decorative coatings ceramic nanocomposite and multilayer coatings for decorative purposes and wear resistance were developed for an industrial partner. in the first step, we applied the colored coatings on flat metal substrates. sputtering was done in our industrial scale vacuum chamber with two rf magnetrons to deposit ceramics, metals and combinations there- of. the second step consisted in the optimization of the homogeneity of the coatings and colors in- dependent from viewing angle. currently, we are working on homogeneous coatings on three-di- mensional complex shaped parts and the improve- ment of the mechanical properties. polycarbonate (pc) with high hardness a high surface hardness of pc is generally achieved by a hard coating applied to the surface of the re- spective parts. the inm investigated the increase of pc hardness by incorporating nanoparticles in the pc in order to achieve special functionalities or properties. based on inm background results, a new concept was developed for injection molding of tough pc material. the used additives were ceramic nanoparticles. in order to achieve good compati- bilities with the pc, the nano particulate additives were surface modified by organic agents. further investigations will be done to achieve transparent instead of white opaque pc with the used particles. catalytic reactions the goal of the validation and development project is the investigation of assumed properties of a group of mineral materials and, later on, an optimization of their properties. a literature review was done and numerous material samples from the project part- ner were analyzed. reaction products from selected material samples and predefined compounds were analyzed with spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. scientists from the project partner visited the inm to participate directly in the investigation and analysis and to learn about the methods. analytics the innovationcenter inm proactively offers ana- lytical services to partners from industry and small and medium businesses. our first goal is to make inm's comprehensive analytical capabilities avail- able to companies and thus improve the quality and competitiveness of their products. we also use this opportunity to comprehend recent material challenges that companies face and suggest re- search and development in cooperation with the inm to meet current and future demands. contacts in 2015 included chemical companies, paint pro- ducers, and the electronics industry. outlook research at the inm during the last years has brought remarkable progress in emerging areas such as en- ergy efficiency, printed electronics, medical surfaces, optical applications, and applications in the oil and consumer goods industries. the innovationcenter inm will continue intensifying the collaboration between program divisions and industrial partners to success- fully transfer inm's research results into innovations. the innovationcenter inm links inm's scientific and technological base with industry. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201539
40 current research numerical design of composite pillars with improved adhesion bio-inspired fibrillar surfaces with reversible adhe- sion to stiff substrates were thoroughly investigat- ed over the last decade. in this study, a novel com- posite fibril is proposed which consists of a soft tip layer and stiffer stalk with differently shaped interfaces (flat vs. curved) between them. a tensile stress is applied remotely on the free end of the fibril whose other end adheres to a rigid substrate. the stress distributions and the resulting adhesion of such structures are numerically investigated un- der plane strain (2d) and axisymmetric (3d) condi- tions. the stress intensities are evaluated for differ- ent combinations of layer thickness and young’s moduli. the adhesion strength values are found to increase for thinner layers and larger modulus ra- tios; these trends are also reflected in selected ex- perimental results. the results of this investigation provide a new strategy for optimizing adhesion strength of fibrillar surfaces. haptic human-machine interfaces the tactile or haptic perception is an important sense in our interaction with the environment. however the scientific quantification of this sense has only recently become a developing field of investigation. recent research on friction between surface materi- als and human skin mostly can be grouped into two topical areas: materials science and tribology studies zusammenfassung die aufgabe des programmbereichs ist die erstellung theo- retischer modelle und simulationen für am inm untersuchte materialien und phänomene in kooperationen mit anderen programmbereichen und juniorforschungsgruppen des inm. im jahr 2015 wurde eine reihe theoretischer fragestellungen durch kooperationen mit externen und in enger verzahnung mit anderen programmbereichen bearbeitet. in einer arbeit in kooperation zwischen prof. robert mcmeeking (universi- ty of california), prof. norman fleck (university of cambrid- ge) und dem programmbereich funktionelle mikrostrukturen wurde unser modell für die mechanik der ablösung von mi- krosäulen von einem substrat erweitert. bei annahme einer komposit-struktur mit weichen säulenenden wird ebenfalls eine verbesserung der spannungsverteilung und damit der haftfestigkeit erreicht (doktorarbeit r. balijepalli). die nu- merischen ergebnisse sollen durch modellexperimente va- lidiert werden. eine zusammenarbeit mit dem inm fellow prof. dr. dr. daniel strauss (htw saarbrücken / universität des saarlandes) und dem programmbereich nanotribologie befasst sich mit der identifizierung und analyse hirnelektri- scher antwortpotentiale, die im zuge tribologischer experi- mente zwischen dem menschlichen finger und unterschied- lichen materialien gewonnen wurden. mission the program division is designed to develop theoreti- cal models and simulations for materials and phenomena which are under experimental investigation at inm. sever- al theoretical issues were treated in close cooperation with other program divisions and external partners in 2015. modellierung/simulation / modelling/simulation n.n. gruppenberichte / group reports // querschnittsfeld / cross linking activities
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 41 and psychophysical investigations on tactile perception. at inm we studied neurophysiologi- cal events and evaluated whether their appearance can be correlated to tribological signals and ulti- mately to the surface structure. the work dealed with the extraction of neural correlates evoked by tactile stimulation of the human fingertip. we have implemented an experiment in which friction of the fingertip against the pin pattern of a braille display was correlated with eeg signals recorded simultaneously. the programmable braille display allowed for randomized experiments. this project was carried out in cooperation with the inm fel- low prof. dr. dr. daniel strauss (htw saarbrü- cken / saarland university) and the program divi- sion nanotribology. outlook modeling and simulation will remain an essential element of material optimization. we plan to con- tinue and intensify the existing research projects. new research topics will be carried out, depending on the future staffing of the program division. an important goal is to establish an independent re- search profile which is at the same time compati- ble with the strategy of the experimental program divisions. friction of the fingertip against the pattern of a braille display was correlated with eeg signals recorded simultaneously. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201541
42 gruppenberichte / group reports // servicebereiche / service groups chemische analytik / chemical analytics dr. claudia fink-straube die servicegruppe chemische analytik verfügt über moder- ne verfahren zur trennung und analyse von flüchtigen und löslichen organischen stoffgemischen (gc-ms, lc-ms, gpc), zur element-analytik (icp-ms, aas, icp-oes, chns) und zu aufschlusstechniken für anorganische und organische proben (säure-/schmelzaufschluss, mikrowellenaufschluss, hoch- druckaufschluss). unser ziel ist es, analytische dienstleistung en für alle programmbereiche des inm, forschungsteams der universität und externe auftraggeber anzubieten. in direkter abstimmung mit den auftraggebern werden die erforderli- chen analytischen messmethoden erarbeitet und an die kon- kreten fragestellungen angepasst. studierende und schüler/ innen können im rahmen von praktika einen einblick in die messmethodik der chemischen analytik erhalten. 2016 passen wir unsere techniken an die analyse organischer materiali- en und biomoleküle an, um den bedürfnissen des neuen pro- grammbereichs dynamische biomaterialien gerecht zu werden. physikalische analytik / physical analytics dr. marcus koch die servicegruppe physikalische analytik verfügt über rönt- gendiffraktometrische und elektronenmikroskopische unter- suchungsverfahren, die für das inm, das universitäre umfeld und externe auftraggeber eingesetzt werden. ziel ist es, ei- nen möglichst vollständigen überblick zu den nano- und mi- krostrukturellen eigenschaften der materialien zu erhalten. mit speziellen aufbauten gelingt es zudem, untersuchungen während temperaturveränderungen in situ zu verfolgen bzw. wäss rige proben im eingefrorenen zustand zu mikrosko pieren. darüber hinaus werden wissenschaftler/innen in die elektronenmikroskope eingewiesen und bei der durchfüh- rung ihrer experimentellen arbeiten betreut. schüler/innen können im rahmen von praktika bzw. führungen für schul- klassen einen einblick in die elektronenmikroskopie erhalten.
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 43 bibliothek, information & dokumentation / library & information services dipl.-bibl. elke bubel die bibliothek des inm erbringt serviceleistungen im be- reich information und dokumentation. hauptaufgaben der bibliothek sind die erwerbung, erschließung und prä- sentation von print- und elektronischen medien, die do- kumentation der inm-publikationsdaten sowie deren be- richterstattung für datenerhebungen, die entwicklung von serviceangeboten zur umsetzung von open-access sowie die administration und redaktion aller inm-spezifischen websites. die bibliothek ist aktiv eingebunden in den ar- beitskreis bibliotheken und informationseinrichtungen der leibniz-gemeinschaft. die bündelung von ressourcen, die schaffung von synergieeffekten sowie vernetzungsangebo- te für bibliotheken von leibniz-einrichtungen sind zentrale anliegen des arbeitskreises. engineering / engineering dipl.-ing. dietmar serwas das hauptaufgabengebiet des servicebereiches engineering besteht in der entwicklung und herstellung von wissen- schaftlichen anlagen und komponenten für die grundla- genforschung und projekte der programmbereiche des inm. die bandbreite der arbeiten reicht hierbei von kleinen la- borgeräten bis hin zu pilotanlagen. aus den vorgaben der forschung werden konzepte entwickelt und mit catia-v5- cad in konstruktionen umgesetzt, deren fertigung in den inm-werkstätten mit moderner ausstattung wie cam-sys- tem, 5-achs-hsc-präzisionsfräsmaschine oder funkenerosi- onsanlage erfolgt. weiterhin werden servicearbeiten für die anderen abteilungen des inm sowie im rahmen einer koope- ration die werkstattarbeiten für den lehrstuhl „technische physik“ der universität des saarlandes durchgeführt. jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201543
highlights
highlights 46 thermocapacitive energy harvesting fig. 1: sealed cylindrical supercapacitor immersed in hot water. fig. 2: concept of thermal cycling to exploit thermocapacitive energy harvesting. in times of ever-increasing worldwide energy demand, innovative renewable energy sources must be explored. one highly attractive can- didate is exploiting thermal energy, as it is readily available for instance in the form of waste heat. especially low-grade waste heat is abundantly generated in industrial processes, e.g. during the operation of electronic devices or every air conditioning system. tapping into this vast energy reservoir is highly attractive, but complicated by the low efficiency and high material costs of the state-of-the-art thermoelectric devices. a novel approach to harvest low-grade heat and to convert it directly into electric energy is based on the use of thermocapacitive devices. they can be fabricated from cheap and sustainable materials and are highly tunable to their specific field of application. especially at small temperature differences, they reach efficiencies close to the most effi- cient carnot efficiency and can compete with thermoelectric engines. the concept of thermocapacitive energy harvesting relates to the tem- perature-dependency of the electrical double-layer structure. subject- ing an electrically charged carbon electrode soaked in an electrolyte to higher temperatures causes an increase in the thermal motion of electrosorbed ions. this is compensated by an increase in cell voltage, while the applied charge remains unchanged. when the system is now discharged from that enhanced voltage, additional energy is harvested in addition to the invested electric charge. in collaboration with colleagues at utrecht university and johannes gutenberg university mainz, we have shown for the first time that the thermal voltage rise can be used directly for thermocapacitive energy harvesting. this was exemplified by employing a readily available, con- ventional (commercial) supercapacitor module (10 farad). on a device level, a temperature gradient of 65 °c translates to an energy harvesting capacity of 185 mj/g. a härtel, m. janssen, d. weingarth, v. presser, r. van roij energ environ sci. 8 (2015) 8, 2396-2401 v. presser energy materials hot reservoir configuration cold reservoir configuration
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 47 fig. 1: secondary electron micrograph of a pillar being compressed inside an sem. fig. 2: typical deformation morphologies observed in compressed tungsten pillars. understanding mechanisms responsible for the deformation of min- iaturized devices and materials has become essential to tune the me- chanical properties of advanced materials. in particular, the strength of metals has been shown to increase with decreasing sample size into the nanometer scale. metals with a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure exhibit a still poorly understood size effect known to depend on temperature. for this purpose, the functional micro- structures group together with researchers from the empa – swiss federal laboratories for materials science and technology, thun (j. m. wheeler and j. michler) have systematically studied the size effect in tungsten (w) and tantalum (ta) micropillars at tempera- tures up to 400 °c. by using a state-of-the-art mechanical tester, the microstructures were compressed inside a scanning electron mi- croscope so that their strength and deformation behavior could be observed in situ (fig. 1). our work shows that the size effect of these materials is magnified with increasing temperature, attaining values that are in the range of faced-centered cubic (fcc) metals. this finding is important as it suggests that the mechanisms that control the deformation of w and ta at high temperatures are similar to those of fcc metals. we could demonstrate for the first time that the deformation of w undergoes a transition from uniform to localized deformation with increasing temperature and pillar size (fig. 2). this observation suggests that temperature strongly influences the relative motion of line defects, i. e. edge and screw dislocations. overall, our study provides new insights into the deformation mech- anisms of metals at the submicron scale and helps to establish a basis for the design of miniaturized bcc metal structures for applications at elevated temperature. o. torrents abad, j. m. wheeler, j. michler, a. s. schneider, e. arzt acta mater. 103 (2016) 483-494 high-temperature deformation of bcc metal microstructures o. torrents abad, e. arzt functional microstructures tungsten - 25°c tungsten - 400°c 20 µm 1 µm 5 µm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201547
highlights 48 fig. 1: scheme of the molecular host-guest system with a cyclodextrin functionalized afm tip and surface and switchable azobenzene guests. fig. 2: light-responsive friction force in azobenzene guest solution. macromolecular chemistry offers a number of guest-host systems, where a guest molecule forms a binding complex with a host moiety. the strength of this reversible interaction can be tuned in a wide range by variation of guests or hosts, but also by external stimuli. in collaboration with g. wenz at saarland university, we have adapted cyclodextrin hosts as a versatile toolkit for the control of friction and adhesion. gold and silica surfaces are functionalized with the host molecules. adhesion and friction between these surfaces are then controlled by connector molecules which carry guest molecules on both ends, thus binding to one host at each surface. atomic force microscopy experiments have proven the concept: both adhesion and friction increase significantly when the adaman- tane-derived connector molecules are added to the aqueous solution. a particularly interesting observation is the collective strengthening of adhesion by multiple guest-host-guest connections. the cluster- ing of reversible bonds leads to the effect of multivalency, in which one broken bond has a much higher probability of rebinding due to the ongoing attraction between the surfaces by the other bonds. for the control of adhesion and friction by light stimuli, a connector molecule has been derived from azobenzene guest molecules in the group of our collaborator b. j. ravoo at the university of münster. the configuration of azobenzene can be reversibly switched by il- lumination with light of different wavelengths. while the straight configuration forms a complex with the host, the bent configuration does not fit into the cyclodextrin host cavity. we have been able to switch friction by a factor of two up and down by illumination with ultraviolet and visible light from leds. j. blass , b. l. bozna, m. albrecht, j. a. krings, b. j. ravoo, g. wenz, r. bennewitz chem. comm. 51 (2015) 1830-1833 control of friction and adhesion by molecular guest-host interactions j. blass, b. bozna, r. bennewitz nanotribology afm tip friction off friction on
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 49 corrosion concerns various industries from steel makers to car man- ufacturers and architects. efficient corrosion protection coatings must not only provide a barrier to prevent water permeation to the metal, but also contain active additives to prevent reactions of the metallic surface with a corrosive environment. the nanomers group developed organic coatings containing metal phosphate flakes to re- place chromium-based coatings against mild steel corrosion. the metal phosphate flakes in the hybrid coating not only provide an extra barrier against corrosion due to the flakes’ specific morphol- ogy, but also act as active corrosion inhibitors, both cathodic and anodic. additionally, an organic matrix was specifically developed to accommodate the metal phosphate flakes. with their controlled distribution they can be aligned parallel to the surface to provide an increased permeation pathway. the polymeric matrix was careful- ly selected to have a refractive index matching the flakes to render them invisible within the matrix. the coating deposition can be op- timized to provide the best corrosion protection while still retaining transparency. synthesis of flake-shaped metal phosphate containing manganese and / or aluminum is currently developed to provide a larger range of corrosion protective additives for protecting also other types of sub- strates. in parallel, incorporation of the flakes in other matrices and addition of other additives is also under investigation to extend the range of functionalities that can be offered such as anti-fingerprint, hydrophobic or tribological features. e. perre, s. albayrak, m. wild, c. becker-willinger, eurocorr 2015, 06.-10.09.2015, graz inm patent application pending composite metal phosphate – organic coa- tings for mild steel corrosion protection e. perre, s. albayrak, c. becker-willinger fig. 1: polarized light microscope image of the organic film surface loaded with 20 wt.-% zinc phosphate flakes (in yellow). fig. 2: picture of mild-steel substrates coated with a matrix containing zinc phosphate pigments from a) commercial source having undefined shape and b) from inm with flake type shape after 105 days immersion in a corrosive electrolyte. nanomers 200 µm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201549
highlights 50 her2 membrane proteins play a special role in certain types of breast cancer: amplified levels of her2 drive unrestricted cell growth. her2-tailored antibody-based therapeutics aim to prevent cancer-cell growth. two-thirds of her2 positive cancer patients are resistant to her2-targeting drugs. the reason for this is not yet un- derstood. we found that her2 dimers appeared to be absent from a small sub-population of resting skbr3 breast cancer cells. it seemed to be important to study this sub-population of cells with this un- usual phenotype, because they could possibly have self-renewing properties resistant to her2-antibody therapy and thus can pro- mote new tumor growth at a later stage. for our studies in cooperation with the german cancer research center (dkfz) in heidelberg, we used the liquid stem method, which allows nanoscale studies of intact cells in a liquid environment. we studied the local variations of her2 membrane protein and its dimers. her2 is a member of the human epidermal-growth-factor receptor (egfr) family. the family members trigger cell growth sig- nals when two of the membrane proteins are bound in a complex (dimerization). this happens usually after the binding of a small protein, the epidermal growth factor, which circulates in the blood stream and serves as a communicator to transmit signals that reg- ulate cell growth. her2 is special as it does not need the growth factor protein to form dimers. thus it is capable of triggering cell growth without external regulation. in certain types of breast can- cer, amplified levels of her2 and its dimerization are known to drive unrestricted cell growth. her2-tailored antibody-based therapeutics aim to prevent cell growth triggered by her2 dimerization. our novel findings were obtained as a direct consequence of the high spatial resolution of liquid stem and its capability to study many intact cells in liquid. d. b. peckys, u. korf, n. de jonge science advances 1 (2015) e1500165 fig.: scheme of monitoring intact cancer cells in a liquid environment (top) with scanning electron beam screening the local distribution of her2 protein dimers with attached labels (bottom). discovery of a possible reason for drug resistance in breast tumors n. de jonge, d. peckys innovative electron microscopy 200 nm breast cancer cell liquid h2o film scanning electron baem her2 proteins with attached labels
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 51 inm’s gecomer technology (upper figure) has made another big step forward towards industrial application: several promising col- laborations with industry, especially focusing on automatic hand ling systems, have been conducted. stimulated by our customers’ demands regarding substrate materials, process environments and other specifications, we now fabricate new materials and fibril de- signs for the next generation of gecomer technology. our solution provides a novel, noise-free system for handling delicate objects even in vacuum. our energy-saving pick and place system relies on a patented attachment and detachment mechanism which en- ables switching of the adhesion strength purely based on contact mechanics. hence, the switch functions without any externally ap- plied energy, thus enabling energy conservation in production lines. inspired by the gecko principle, a multitude of demonstrators show- ing the capability of the gecomer technology were constructed and displayed on different trade fairs in germany (hannover messe, motek stuttgart) and overseas (nano tech, japan) in 2015. in ongoing research, the influence of surface roughness on the ad- hesion strength was systematically studied. the results reveal nov- el adhesive and non-adhesive states depending on the micropillar geometry relative to the surface roughness profile. in addition, we designed a new type of fibrillar adhesives by combining different ma- terials within each fibril. the potential of these composite fibrils was confirmed by numerical and experimental analyses. in addition, the interaction of micropatterned surfaces with soft surfaces and skin models is being studied. first prototypes of a novel generation of skin adhesives based on the gecko principle are available (lower figure). v. barreau, r. hensel, n. guimard, a. ghatak, r. m. mcmeeking, e. arzt advanced functional materials, accepted for publication gecomer technology enters industrial development phase r. hensel, k. moh, p. w. de oliveira, e. arzt fig.: inm’s gecomer technology based on micropatterned fibrillar dry adhesives (top) for reversible adhesion on several delicate substrates such as skin (bottom). 30 µm functional microstructures, innovationcenter inm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201551
highlights 52 p-coumaric acid as novel biomarker for quantifying hypoxic stress in recent years, links between the risk of heart and stomach dis- eases, chronic inflammation and cancer with cellular hypoxia have been established. the methods to determine the degree of cellular hypoxia are often limited by insufficient sensitivity and can give false positive results for normoxic cells or fail for certain cell types such as tumor cells. the aim of the present work was to develop a mass spectrometric as- say for the quantitative determination of markers of cellular hypoxia under oxidative stress conditions. in this study, a simple and rapid technique based on hydrophilic-interaction chromatography/elec- trospray-ionization mass spectrometry (hilic-esi-ms) was used to distinguish cellular metabolic changes in primary lobar bronchial human cells triggered by hypoxia. during 168 h of hypoxia without induction of reactive oxygen species, an almost linear increase of p-coumaric acid levels was observed. we interpret the increasing p-coumaric acid concentrations during hypoxia as a result of cell damage, triggered by reduced co-enzyme q10 levels, because the oxidative cascade was not able to supply sufficient energy. the hil- ic-esi-ms assay within p-coumaric acid exhibited a dynamic range from 60-610 ng/µl (r=0.999). the precision was ≤ 15 % rsd with recovery rates between 89.1 % and 93.8 %. the increased levels of p-coumaric acid during hypoxia analyzed by hilic-esi-ms were used to determine the quantitative response of hypoxic cellular stress. based on the concentrations of p-coumaric acid in the samples as a function of hypoxia time, the cells were grouped into three categories: 300-310 ng/µl = normoxic levels; 310- 340 ng/µl = moderate hypoxia and > 350 ng/µl = prolonged hypoxia. we believe that p-coumaric acid may be used as a novel biomarker for quantifying cellular hypoxic stress. y. e. silina, c. fink-straube, r. g. hanselmann, h. peuschel, d. a. volmer journal of chromatography b 1020 (2016) 6-13 y. e. silina, r. g. hanselmann, h. peuschel, c. fink-straube fig. 1: mass spectra in negative ion mode (hilic-esi-ms) of cellular extract before hypoxia (top) and after 48 h hypoxia / 3% o2. (bottom): m1-fragment of p-coumaric acid; m2-p-coumaric acid; m3-o-p-coumaroyl glycerol; m4-coumaroyl hexose; m5-coenzyme q10. fig. 2: microscope image of primary human cells incubated for 8 h under hypoxic conditions (3% o2). chemical analytics, nano cell interactions 5 µm
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 53 nanoparticles imaged by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy fig. 1: tem image of alkylthiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles embedded in a thin film of partly crystallized vitreous ice after plunge freezing at t = 100 k. fig. 2: tem image of alkylthiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles after drying of a small droplet on a holey carbon film at t = 298 k. m. koch, t. kraus nanoparticles in aqueous solution have a tendency to agglomera- te due to different physicochemical properties like particle size and charge, stabilization by ligands and ionic strength of the solution. although light optical characterization of nanoparticles solution is possible by several methods, individual nanoparticle agglomerates and very small nanoparticles cannot be resolved. in contrast to this, electron microscopy is capable to detect nanoparticles both in li- quids (by environmental scanning or liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy) and after drying. in the first case, the resoluti- on is limited by the brownian motion of the nanoparticles, in the se- cond case, the drying of the nanoparticle solution can lead to agglo- meration due to the evaporation of the solvent (“coffee ring effect”). to overcome this, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-tem) can be used to preserve the nature of nanoparticles in so- lution. after plunge freezing of a thin aqueous film of nanoparticles on a holey carbon film in liquid ethane, the sample is transferred into a gatan 914 cryo-tem holder and imaged in a jeol jem 2100 lab6 tem at t = 100 k. fig. 1 shows alkylthiol-stabilized gold nano- particles after cryo-tem preparation. individual gold nanoparticles are embedded in a partly crystallized thin film of vitreous ice. no agglomeration of nanoparticles is visible. if the alkylthiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles are prepared by evaporation of a small droplet on a holey carbon film at room temperature, individual nanoparticle agglomerates are found by tem at t = 298 k (fig. 2). cryo-tem preparation and imaging is advantageous for several applications, especially for nanoparticles in aqueous solutions, as shown above and biological samples. furthermore, tem imaging at t = 100 k is also helpful to investigate beam sensitive samples like car- bon based materials, polymers or bioorganic matter. as a result, pre- paration and beam induced artifacts can be reduced by this method. physical analytics, structure formation 200 nm 200 nm jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201553
highlights 54 international conference on capacitive deionization & electrosorption the international conference on capacitive deionization & electro- sorption (cdi&e) was the first of its kind and held in saarbrücken from october 26th-29th, 2015. this conference was initiated due to the recent enormous surge in interest in the field of water desalination by capacitive deionization (cdi). many innovative new applications for electrosorption technologies were presented at the conference. in particular, membrane cdi, that is cdi with flow electrodes, and energy harvesting with capacitive technologies were important top- ics of the presentations. the conference was organized by volker presser and matthew suss (technion – israel institute of technology, haifa) with the logistics spearheaded by christine hartmann and dominik hell. financially, the conference was also kindly supported by the international soci- ety of electrochemistry (ise) and industrial partners. located in the aula of saarland university, the conference attracted over 120 par- ticipants from academia and industry from many different countries including south korea (19 % of attendees), germany (17 %), the united states (11 %), the netherlands (11 %), china (6 %), israel (3 %), and many more. a total number of 34 oral presentations and 28 posters represented the large variety of topics within the scope of the cdi&e, ranging from fundamental aspects of interfacial electrochemistry, and materials science & engineering of advanced nanoporous materi- als, to industrial application and commercialization. a flavor of the culture and history of the saarland was provided by a visit to the völklinger hütte and a historic reenactment of the life in saarbrücken of 1900. the conference also featured a half-day tutorial on the basics of capacitive deionization and electrosorption given by maarten biesheuvel (wetsus, nl) and matthew suss. espe- cially noteworthy was the presence of a founding father of the field, honorary guest emeritus prof. dr. bertel kastening of the institut für physikalische chemie at the university of hamburg. fig. 1: group picture of the attendees of the cdi&e 2015 conference. fig. 2: impression from the conference (opening ceremony; speaker: prof. uwe hartmann, vice president saarland university). v. presser, c. hartmann energy materials
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 55 inm fellows fig. 1: sem image of silica janus particles consisting of two compartments from two silane precursors; first step: sio2 rod from teos, second step: aminopropyl silane (aps) sphere. fig. 2: dewetting polystyrene droplets on substrates that provoke different interfacial velocities (red: low, blue: high) exhibit different flow profiles within the liquid while slowly adopting the equilibrium contact angle. fig. 3: braille display for the investigation of neural response to fingertip friction. since 2012, inm has appointed selected professors from saarland university as inm fellows to strengthen its links to the university. at present, inm has three inm fellows. janus nanoparticles k. abersfelder1,2, p. w. de oliveira1, g. kickelbick2* cooperation with optical materials group janus particles are a new class of nanoparticles that show two diffe- rent compartments on their surface. the anisotropic particle surfa- ce may result in different reactivity, polarity, or charges of the two compartments. the surface functionalization of particles is challen- ging. however, a stepwise growth of different compartments during particle synthesis provides a convenient solution to obtain a janus character. this can be achieved in an emulsion-based method of par- ticle growth. depending on the silane precursor, hydrolysis takes place on different positions of the emulsion droplets. polymer interface dynamics j. heppe1,2, r. bennewitz1, k. jacobs2* cooperation with nanotribology group under certain conditions of functionalized materials, a thin liquid film under an external shear force can slide like a sledge rather than being sheared. the reason for this is an unusual boundary condition at the solid/liquid interface, allowing for a non-zero interfacial velocity. whether or not this is a desired state for a film that should reduce fricti- on, we explore in the project. for liquid droplets or film fronts, classical hydrodynamic models predict that contact-line motion requires infinite energy. yet, common observations of moving droplets show that huge amounts of energy are unnecessary. can we make use of this in every- day life by looking into the hydrodynamic boundary condition? haptic human-machine interfaces n. özgün1, r. bennewitz1, d. strauss2,3* cooperation with nanotribology group human tactile or haptic perception is a key sense in our interaction with the environment. the scientific quantification of this sense has only recently become a developing field of investigation. the project tribobrain deals with the extraction of neural correlates evoked by tac- tile stimulation of the human fingertip. we have implemented an ex- periment in which friction of the fingertip against the pin pattern of a braille display is correlated with eeg signals recorded simultaneously. the programmable braille display allows for randomized experiments. 1inm 2saarland university 3htw saar *inm fellow finger placement braille display jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201555
fakten und zahlen / facts and figures
58 fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // das inm in zahlen / inm in figures das inm in zahlen / inm in figures das inm in zahlen im jahr 2015 betrug der gesamtumsatz des inm 23,73 mio. euro. erlöse aus der gemeinsamen finanzierung durch den bund und die länder (institutionelle förderung): 18,54 mio. € davon personal- und sachaufwendungen: 13,64 mio. €, und für investitionen: 4,90 mio. € erlöse aus drittmittelvorhaben: 4,97 mio. € davon 3,33 mio. € aus öffentlichen projektförderungen, und 1,64 mio. € aus vereinbarungen mit industrieunternehmen. sonstige betriebliche erträge: 0,22 mio € das inm beschäftigte 2015 durchschnittlich 216 mitarbeiterinnen und mitarbeiter, davon 68 wissenschaftler/innen und 29 promovierende, 52 beschäftigte in den bereichen labor, technik und service, 32 beschäftigte in der verwaltung und den sekretariaten, 27 hiwis und 8 auszubildende. inm in figures in 2015, the total turnover of inm added up to 23.73 million €. proceeds from the joint financial support by the federal government and the federal states: 18.54 million €. including expenses for personnel and materials: 13.64 million €, and for investments: 4.90 million €. proceeds from third party funding: 4.97 million € including 3.33 million € from public grants, and 1.64 million € from industrial contacts. other operating income: 0.22 million € in 2015, 216 employees worked at inm: including 68 scientists and 29 doctoral candidates, 52 employees in the laboratories and technical services, 32 employees working in the administration and secretarial offices, 27 graduate assistants and 8 apprentices.
59 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 kuratorium & wissenschaftlicher beirat / board of trustees & scientific advisory board stand / as of: 31.12.2015 mitglieder des kuratoriums / members of the board of trustees mindirig dr. susanne reichrath staatskanzlei des saarlandes, saarbrücken – vorsitzende / chair – prof. dr. volker linneweber universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken – stv. vorsitzender / deputy chair – minrat dr. herbert zeisel bundesministerium für bildung und forschung, bonn – stv. vorsitzender / deputy chair – dr. clemens bockenheimer airbus operations gmbh, bremen uwe johmann sparkasse saarbrücken prof. dr. jens kreisel mrt – materials research and technology department, luxembourg list – luxembourg institute of science and technology, luxembourg christoph lang saar.is/saarland.innovation&standort e. v., saarbrücken dr. gerhard langstein covestro deutschland ag, leverkusen prof. dr. dr.-ing. e.h. kurt mehlhorn max-planck-institut für informatik, saarbrücken prof. dr. michael d. menger universitätsklinikum des saarlandes, homburg dr. peter w. de oliveira inm ggmbh, saarbrücken ralf zastrau nanogate ag, göttelborn mitglieder des wissenschaftlichen beirats / members of the scientific advisory board dr. gerhard langstein covestro deutschland ag, leverkusen – vorsitzender / chair – prof. dr. günther tränkle ferdinand-braun-institut, leibniz-institut für höchstfrequenztechnik, berlin – stv. vorsitzender / chair – prof. dr. rainer birringer universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken dr. peter grahle richard fritz holding gmbh, besigheim prof. dr. nicole grobert university of oxford, oxford, uk prof. dr. helga lichtenegger universität für bodenkultur, wien, österreich prof. dr. thomas speck universität freiburg prof. dr. nicholas d. spencer eth zürich, schweiz prof. dr. gerhard wenz universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken
60 fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // auszeichnungen / awards auszeichnungen / awards eduard arzt editor-in-chief, journal progress in materials science, elsevier sarah fischer förderpreis des vdi bezirksverein saar 2015, verein deutscher ingenieure bezirksverein saar e. v. lola gonzalez-garcia university of sevilla’s extraordinary doctorate prize in materials science, university of sevilla, spanien rené hensel best thesis award 2014, max-bergmann-zentrum, dresden aljosha rakim jochem gradus global funding, graduiertenzentrum der universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken annette kraegeloh 3. preis, nano meets future 2015 poster award, size matters conference, saarbrücken johannes maurer gradus global funding, graduiertenzentrum der universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken volker presser ruf auf eine w2-professur, tu dresden volker presser ruf auf eine w3-professur, universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken volker presser preisträger, innovatoren unter 35, technology review volker presser innovator des jahres unter 35, technology review volker presser stiftungspreis jugend baut europa, stiftung prof. lenz (kooperation mit univ. tartu, estland) volker presser excellence in review award, journal carbon, elsevier julia purtov aufnahme in das exzellenzprogramm für wissenschaft lerinnen, universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken ingrid weiss ruf auf eine w3-professur, universität stuttgart ingrid weiss fellowship for research in japan, japan society for the promotion of science (jsps) marco zeiger posterpreis, doktorandentag der fakultät 8, universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken
61 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 aktivitäten in gremien / activities in committees dr. jennifer atchison reviewer für zeitschriften: sensors, progress in materials science dr. cenk aktas mitglied im editorial (guest editor) board: biomed research international mitglied im editorial board: journal of nanoscience let- ters, niche: journal of cellular therapy and regenerative medicine reviewer für zeitschriften: biomaterials, langmuir, materials science and engineering c, physica statu solidi, journal of cellular therapy and regenerative medicine, applied surface science, materials letters, metals, materi- als express prof. dr. eduard arzt professor für neue materialien, universität des saar landes, saarbrücken mitglied der nationalen akademie der wissenschaften leopoldina korrespondierendes mitglied der österreichischen akademie der wissenschaften mitglied, aufsichtsrat des lkr leichtmetallkompetenz- zentrum ranshofen gmbh mitglied, wissenschaftlicher beirat der alfried krupp von bohlen und halbach stiftung, essen mitglied, beirat der processnet fachgruppe nanotech nologie, dechema mitglied, international scientific advisory board (isab), comet k2 zentrum für integrated research in materi- als, processing and product engineering, leoben mitglied, doktorandenauswahlgremium, deutsche telekom-stiftung, bonn vorsitz, leibniz-netzwerk nano, leibniz-gemeinschaft sprecher, leibniz-forschungsverbund nano-sicherheit, leibniz-gemeinschaft mitglied, energiebeirat, ministerium für wirtschaft, arbeit, energie und verkehr des saarlandes mitglied, advisory board des fit (freiburger zentrum für interaktive werkstoffe und bioinspirierte technologien), albert-ludwigs-universität freiburg scientific committee for the international conference on the mechanics of biomaterials and tissues, hawaii, usa, december 6-10, 2015 berufungskommissionen für w3-professur für material- synthese und werkstoffentwicklung und w3-professur für technische materialchemie, universität des saarlandes editor-in-chief der reviewzeitschrift „progress in mate- rials science“, oxford, uk mitglied im editorial board / advisory board der zeit- schriften: advanced engineering materials, international journal of materials research, materials science and en- gineering c: materials for biological applications, journal of surfaces and interfaces in materials, american scientific publishers gutachtertätigkeit für (auswahl): universität freiburg, swiss national science foundation, telekom-stiftung, alfried krupp von bohlen und halbach-stiftung, alexan- der von humboldt-stiftung, bbsrc, öaw (erwin-schrö- dinger-preis), daad, university of pennsylvania, university of southern california, university of illinois, university of cambridge reviewer für zeitschriften (auswahl): journal of the royal society interface, langmuir (american chemical society), international journal of materials research, pnas, acs nano dr. carsten becker-willinger vertreter des inm, camplusq – forschungscampus für materialien, prozesse und qualifizierung mitglied im dgm-fachausschuss „funktionalisierung von oberflächen mittels mikro-/nano-strukturierungs- verfahren“ prof. dr. roland bennewitz honorarprofessor, universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken mitglied, kommission zur erarbeitung einer internatio- nalisierungsstrategie der universität des saarlandes mitglied, beirat der evangelischen studierenden gemeinde saarbrücken deutsches mitglied, management committee des eu cost network „nanotribology“ mitglied, advisory board, dfg-graduiertenkolleg „in situ mikroskopie mit elektronen, röntgenstrahlen und rastersonden“ (grk 1896), universität erlangen mitglied im editorial board: tribology letters gutachtertätigkeit für: deutsche forschungsgemein- schaft, swiss national science foundation, israel science foundation, netherland’s science foundation
62 fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // aktivitäten in gremien / activities in committees reviewer für zeitschriften: physical review e, beilstein nano, tribology letters, nanoscale, langmuir elke bubel sprecherin, arbeitskreis bibliotheken und informations- einrichtungen der leibniz-gemeinschaft vorsitzende, landesgruppe saarland des berufsverbandes information bibliothek e. v. (bib) prof. dr. aránzazu del campo professorin für materialsynthese und werkstoffentwick- lung, universität des saarlandes mitglied im editorial board: scientific reports mentor, mentoring network scimento, mentoring network chemento reviewer für zeitschriften: advanced materials, ange- wandte chemie, nature materials, acs chemical surfaces & interfaces, langmuir, biomacromolecules dr. claudia fink-straube mitglied, netzwerk der leibniz-gemeinschaft zum audit berufundfamilie sarah fischer mitglied, dgm-ausbildungsausschuss dr. sabine heusing reviewer für zeitschriften: solar energy materials and solar cells prof. dr. niels de jonge adjoint assistant professor of biophysics, department of molecular physiology and biophysics, vanderbilt univer- sity school of medicine, nashville, tn, usa honorarprofessor, universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken mitglied im editorial board: microscopy and microanalysis gutachtertätigkeit für: dutch ministry of economic affairs reviewer für zeitschriften: acs nano, chemistry of materials, journal of visualized experiments, microscopy and microanalysis, microscopy research and technique, nano letters scientific reports, ultramicroscopy, journal of structural biology, nature methods, optics express, langmuir dr. annette kraegeloh koordinatorin, leibniz-forschungsverbund nanosicherheit mitglied, dechema-arbeitskreis „responsible production and use of nanomaterials“ mitglied, nanopharm zim netzwerk des nanobionet reviewer für zeitschriften: nature communications, nature nanotechnology, nanomedicine by future medicine, journal of biomaterials applications, journal of nanome- dicine and nanotechnology dr. tobias kraus ko-vorsitzender, arbeitskreis „grenzflächen: statisch und dynamisch“ im fachausschuss „bioninspirierte und interaktive materialien“, deutsche gesellschaft für materialkunde gutachtertätigkeit für: deutsche forschungsgemein- schaft, eth zürich, german-israeli foundation for scientific research and development (gif) reviewer für zeitschriften: langmuir, advanced mate- rials, acs nano, soft matter, nanoscale, nanotechnology, journal of physical chemistry c, particles and particle sys- tems characterization, physical chemistry chemical phy- sics, acs applied materials & interfaces, rsc advances, chemistry of materials, accounts of chemical research, biomaterials, coatings, australian journal of chemistry, journal of colloid and interfacial science dr. elmar kroner gutachtertätigkeit für: deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft reviewer für zeitschriften: acs – applied materials & interfaces, advanced functional materials, adanced materials, applied surface science, international journal of molecular sciences, small dr. marie-louise lemloh substitute management committee member, eu cost action td0903, understanding and manipulating enzy- matic and proteomic processes in biomineralization – to- wards new biomimetic strategies, the creation of tailored nano-scale architectures and environmental monitoring reviewer für zeitschriften: ice journal – bioinspired, biomimetic and nanobiomaterials dr. thomas müller reviewer für zeitschriften: journal of sol-gel science and technology dr. peter w. de oliveira gutachtertätigkeit: deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft, inct – institutos nacionais de ciência e teconologia, brasilien prof. dr. volker presser professor für energie-materialien, universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken
63 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 mitglied, feodor lynen auswahlgremium, alexander von humboldt-stiftung gutachtertätigkeit für: alexander von humboldt-stif- tung, hessisches ministerium für wissenschaft und kunst, deutscher akademischer austauschdienst, us department of energy, deutsche bundesstiftung umwelt, european research council, south african national research foundation, university of twente reviewer für zeitschriften: acs applied materials & in- terfaces, acs nano, advanced energy materials, advanced materials interfaces, aip advances, angewandte chemie – international edition, applied surface science, carbon, chemelectrochem, chemsuschem, desalination, desali- nation and water treatment, electrochemistry communi- cations, electrochimica acta, energy and environmental science, environmental science: water research & techno- logy, environmental science & technology letters, journal of applied electrochemistry, journal of materials chemis- try a, journal of power sources, materials chemistry and physics, nano energy, nature communications, nature nanotechnology, npg asia materials, scientific reports, separation and purification technology, water research dr. mario quilitz koordinator, leibniz-netzwerk nano mitarbeit im leibniz-forschungsverbund nanosicherheit reviewer für zeitschriften: materials chemistry and physics, solid state ionics günter weber mitglied, kuratorium der elterninitiative krebskranker kinder im saarland e. v., homburg pd dr. habil. ingrid weiss privat-dozentin für biochemie, universität regensburg stellvertretende leiterin, arbeitskreis „vom gen zum material“ im fachausschuss „bioinspirierte & interaktive materialien“, deutsche gesellschaft für materialkunde (dgm) advisory board member, epsrc – engineering and physical sciences research council, uk gutachtertätigkeit für: doe / department of energy, epsrc (uk), nsf reviewer für zeitschriften: advanced healthcare materi- als, chembiochem, colloids and surfaces a: physicoche- mical and engineering aspects, febs journal, journal of structural biology, marine biotechnology marco zeiger reviewer für zeitschriften: carbon dissertationen / doctoral theses martins amaral, thiago síntese e caracterização ferroelétrica de compósitos planares cerâmicos de batio3 /bati1-x zrxo3 (synthesis and ferroelectric characterization of planar batio3 /bati1-x zrxo3 ceramic composites) universidade de são paulo, são carlos, brasilien, prof. dr. a. c. hernandes / dr. p. w. de oliveira soorali ganeshamurty, balakrishna nanoscale tribological studies of friction and wear on graphitic surfaces universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. r. bennewitz
64 fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // abschlussarbeiten / theses abschlussarbeiten / theses bachelorarbeiten / bachelor theses pyttlik, andrea synthese und charakterisierung mit photosäuren markierter silicananopartikel universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. g. jung, dr. a. kraegeloh rammacher, sebastian untersuchung der verbindung zwischen gehäuse und gergussmasse an kapillardiealysatoren universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. e. arzt schmidt, sarah chemische wege zur immobilisierung von proteinen in nanopartikulären systemen universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. g. kickelbick, dr. a. kraegeloh thome, adrian quantitatives adhäsionsverhalten von bakterien während abtötungsversuchen auf antimikrobiellen oberflächen universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. e. arzt diplomarbeiten / diploma theses bansemer, jonas experimentelle charakterisierung von optischen effekten in einem mikrobiologischen material universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. k. jacobs, pd dr. i. weiss masterarbeiten / master theses fries, peter effects of selected metals on growth and morphology of the ciliate tetrahymena pyriformis universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, jun.-prof. dr. f. lautenschläger, dr. m.-l. lemloh grammes, thilo conductive particle-polymer composites universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. w. possart, dr. t. kraus jäckel, nicolas influence of graphitization and pseudocapacitive surface decoration on the electrochemical performance of carbon and carbon hybrid supercapacitors universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. v. presser, prof. dr. r. bennewitz kempf, doreen kolloidale stabilität von magnetischen nickelnanostab-suspensionen universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. e. arzt kraß, marc-dominik dynamische reibungskraftmikroskopie in flüssigkeiten universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. r. bennewitz krüner, benjamin synthesis and characterization of carbide-derived carbon beads universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. v. presser leibrock, lars auswirkungen von nanopartikeln auf die migration von humanzellen hochschule albstadt-sigmaringen, prof. dr. s. kadereit, dr. a. kraegeloh peter, nicolas j. helium irradiation-induced effects on tensile properties of interface-containing bi-material nanostructures universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. u. hartmann, prof. dr. e. arzt schkarin, alexandra entwicklung und untersuchung einer neuartigen kratzresistenten lackschicht für polycarbonatoberflächen universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. g. wenz, dr. p. w. de oliveira staudt, jana functional nanocomposite thin films by pulsed laser deposition (pld) universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. g. kickelbick, dr. o. c. aktas wu, fan bio-inspired reversible dry adhesive based on a micropat- terned shape memory polymer: micropillar dimension and geometry effects universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. e. arzt xu, jiajia the adhesion behaviors of bioinspired microstructures at vacuum conditions universität des saarlandes, saarbrücken, prof. dr. e. arzt
65 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 doktoranden / doctoral students balijepalli, m.sc. ram gopal, prof. dr. e. arzt barreau, m.sc. viktoriia, prof. dr. e. arzt bauer, dipl.-biophys. christina, prof. dr. e. arzt blass, dipl.-biophys. johanna, prof. dr. r. bennewitz brunke, m.sc. jessica, prof. dr. g. kickelbick, universität des saarlandes dörr, m.sc. tobias, prof. dr. e. arzt farrukh, m.sc. aleeza, prof. dr. a. del campo feng, m.sc. jun, prof. dr. a. del campo ferreira lopes, m.sc. isabela maria, prof. dr. r. m. r. junqueira, universidade federal de ouro preto, brazil fischer, m.sc. sarah, prof. dr. e. arzt frensemeier, m.sc. mareike, prof. dr. e. arzt gerstner, dipl.-phys. dominik, prof. dr. e. arzt hegetschweiler, m.sc. andreas, prof. dr. e. arzt heppe, m.sc. jonas raphael, prof. dr. k. jacobs, universität des saarlandes jäckel, m.sc. nicolas, prof. dr. v. presser jochem, m.sc. aljosha-rakim, prof. dr. e. arzt jung, m.sc. jennifer, prof. dr. a. kiemer, universität des saarlandes kister, m.sc. thomas, prof. dr. e. arzt kümper, m.sc. alexander, pd dr. klaus unfried, universität düsseldorf lee, m.sc. juhan, prof. dr. v. presser maurer, m.sc. johannes, prof. dr. r. bennewitz özgün, m.sc. novaf, prof. dr. dr. d. j. strauss, htw saar purtov, m.sc. julia, prof. dr. e. arzt reiser, m.sc. beate, prof. dr. e. arzt rittgen, dipl.-phys. kai, prof. dr. r. bennewitz staudt, m.sc. jana, prof. dr. e. arzt támara florez, m.sc. juan carlos, prof. dr. g. kickelbick, universität des saarlandes tinnemann, m.sc. verena, prof. dr. e. arzt tolosa rodriguez, m.sc. aura monserrat, prof. dr. v. presser torrents abad, m.sc. oscar, prof. dr. e. arzt ustahüseyin, m.sc. oya, prof. dr. a. del campo wu, m.sc. fan, prof. dr. e. arzt zeiger, m.sc. marco, prof. dr. v. presser zhang, m.sc. jingnang, prof. dr. a. del campo zhao, m.sc. shifang, prof. dr. a. del campo gastaufenthalte / visiting scientists and students arantes, lorena, brasilien bareiro ferreira, oscar, brasilien bellafatto, amanda, usa busom descarrega, josep, spanien choi, hyeongseon, usa chow en chan, nicholas, kanada contrino, dario pietro maria, italien egberts, prof. dr. philip, kanada espinosa lópez, thomas antoine, mexiko ferreira lopes, isabela maria, brasilien ghatak, prof. dr. animangsu, indien guevel, david, usa jeon, jeongwook, südkorea kaasik, friedrich, estland kang, sang-jun, südkorea kim, daekyu, südkorea kuhn, dagmar alice, schweiz leung, alexis, usa medina clavijo, bentejui, spanien monnier, christophe allen, schweiz naris, hannelie, namibia nawases, bianca, namibia nuumbembe, wilhelm pendukeni, namibia parker, kelly ann, usa porada, dr. slawomir, polen prada, gabriela, brasilien ries, lucie, frankreich ritchie, cameron alisdaire, australien rudnicki, alicia, deutschland sethuraman, sathyamoorthi, indien srimuk, pattarachai, thailand völcker, prof. dr. nicolas hans, australien weber, dr. eva, deutschland
66 referierte publikationen / peer-reviewed publications im jahr 2015 wurden insgesamt 144 publikationen veröffentlicht, davon 101 publikationen in referierten zeitschriften und 43 sonstige publikationen. es wurde 67 poster präsentiert. (stand: 31.03.2016) eine liste aller publikationen finden sie unter http:// www.leibniz-inm.de/publikationen/ in 2015, 144 publications were published, including 101 publications in peer-reviewed journals and 43 other pub- lications. 67 posters were shown. (as of 31.03.2016) a list of all publications are available on our website http://www.leibniz-inm.de/en/publications/ grenzflächenmaterialien / interface materials energie-materalien / energy materials m. aslan, d. weingarth, p. herbeck-engel, i. grobelsek and v. presser polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl butyral composite as a stable binder for castable supercapacitor electrodes in aqueous electrolytes j power sources 2015, 279, 323-333 [06.217 (2014)] j. s. atchison, m. zeiger, a. m. tolosa rodriguez, l. m. funke, n. jäckel and v. presser electrospinning of ultrafine metal oxide/carbon and metal carbide/carbon nanocomposite fibers rsc adv 2015, 5, (45), 35683-35692 [03.840 (2014)] j. k. ewert, d. weingarth, c. denner, m. friedrich, m. zeiger, a. schreiber, n. jäckel, v. presser and r. kempe enhanced capacitance of nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbide-derived carbon in matched ionic liquids j mater chem a 2015, 3, (37), 18906-18912 [07.443 (2014)] a. c. forse, c. merlet, p. k. allan, e. k. humphreys, j. m. griffin, m. aslan, m. zeiger, v. presser, y. gogotsi and c. p. grey new insights into the structure of nanoporous carbons from nmr, raman, and pair distribution function analysis chem mater 2015, 27, (19), 6848-6857 [08.354 (2014)] a. härtel, m. janssen, d. weingarth, v. presser and r. van roij heat-to-current conversion of low-grade heat from a thermocapacitive cycle by supercapacitors energ environ sci 2015, 8, (8), 2396-2401 [20.523 (2014)] k. makgopa, p. m. ejikeme, c. j. jafta, k. raju, m. zeiger, v. presser and k. i. ozoemena a high-rate aqueous symmetric pseudocapacitor based on highly graphitized onion-like carbon/birnessite-type manganese oxide nanohybrids j mater chem a 2015, 3, (7), 3480-3490 [07.443 (2014)] m. oschatz, m. zeiger, n. jäckel, p. strubel, l. borchardt, r. reinhold, w. nickel, j. eckert, v. presser and s. kaskel emulsion soft templating of carbide-derived carbon nanospheres with controllable porosity for capacitive electrochemical energy storage j mater chem a 2015, 3, (35), 17983-17990 [07.443 (2014)] s. porada, p. m. biesheuvel and v. presser comment on sponge-templated preparation of high surface area graphene with ultrahigh capacitive deionization performance adv funct mater 2015, 25, (2), 179-181 [11.805 (2014)] s. porada, f. schipper, m. aslan, m. antonietti, v. presser and t.-p. fellinger capacitive deionization using biomass-based microporous salt-templated heteroatom-doped carbons chemsuschem 2015, 8, (11), 1867-1874 [07.657 (2014)] c. prehal, d. weingarth, e. perre, r. t. lechner, h. amenitsch, o. paris and v. presser tracking the structural arrangement of ions in carbon supercapacitor nanopores using in situ small-angle x-ray scattering energ environ sci 2015, 8, (6), 1725-1735 [20.523 (2014)] l. reinert, m. zeiger, s. suárez, v. presser and f. mücklich dispersion analysis of carbon nanotubes, carbon onions, and nanodiamonds for their application as reinforcement phase in nickel metal matrix composites rsc adv 2015, 5, (115), 95149-95159, doi:10.1039/ c5ra14310a, online: 30.10.2015 [03.840 (2014)] n. shpigel, m. d. levi, s. sigalov, o. girshevitz, d. aurbach, l. daikhin, n. jäckel and v. presser non-invasive in situ dynamic monitoring of elastic properties of composite battery electrodes by eqcm-d angew chem int edit 2015, 54, (42), 12353-12356 [11.261 (2014)] n. shpigel, m. d. levi, s. sigalov, o. girshevitz, d. aurbach, l. daikhin, n. jäckel and v. presser non-invasive in-situ dynamic monitoring of elastic properties of composite battery electrodes by eqcm-d angew chem 2015, 127, (42), 12530-12533 [-] n. souza, m. zeiger, v. presser and f. mücklich in situ tracking of defect healing and purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes with laser radiation by time-resolved raman spectroscopy rsc adv 2015, 5, (76), 62149-62159 [03.840 (2014)] m. e. suss, s. porada, x. sun, p. m. biesheuvel, j. yoon and v. presser water desalination via capacitive deionization: what is it and what can we expect from it? energ environ sci 2015, 8, 2296-2319 [20.523 (2014)] v. p. ting, a. j. ramirez-cuesta, n. bimbo, j. e. sharpe, a. noguera-diaz, v. presser, s. rudic and t. j. mays direct evidence for solid-like hydrogen in a nanoporous car- bon hydrogen storage material at supercritical temperatures acs nano 2015, 9, (8), 8249-8254 [12.881 (2014)] fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // publikationen / publications
67 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 m. zeiger, n. jäckel, m. aslan, d. weingarth and v. presser understanding structure and porosity of nanodiamond- derived carbon onions carbon 2015, 84, 584-598 [06.196 (2014)] m. zeiger, n. jäckel, d. weingarth and v. presser vacuum or flowing argon: what is the best synthesis atmosphere for nanodiamond-derived carbon onions for supercapacitor electrodes? carbon 2015, 94, 507-517 [06.196 (2014)] m. zeiger, d. weingarth and v. presser quinone-decorated onion-like carbon/carbon fiber hybrid electrodes for high-rate supercapacitor applications chemelectrochem 2015, 2, (8), 1117-1127, doi:10.1002/ celc.201500130, online: 26.05.2015 [- (2014)] funktionelle mikrostrukturen / functional surfaces c. t. bauer, e. kroner, n. a. fleck and e. arzt hierarchical macroscopic fibrillar adhesives: in situ study of buckling and adhesion mechanisms on wavy substrates bioinspir biomim 2015, 10, (6), 066002 [02.354 (2014)] l. carrillo, b. cucu, v. bandmann, u. homann, b. hertel, s. hillmer, g. thiel and a. bertl high-resolution membrane capacitance measurements for studying endocytosis and exocytosis in yeast traffic 2015, 16, (7), 760-772, doi:10.1111/tra.12275, online: 25.02.2015 [04.350 (2014)] g. delaittre, n. k. guimard and c. barner-kowollik cycloadditions in modern polymer chemistry accounts chem res 2015, 48, (5), 1296-1307 [22.323 (2014)] m. frensemeier, j. s. kaiser, c. p. frick, a. s. schneider, e. arzt, r. s. fertig iii and e. kroner temperature-induced switchable adhesion using nickel-titanium-polydimethylsiloxane hybrid surfaces adv funct mater 2015, 25, (20), 3013-3021 [11.805 (2014)] t. frigge, b. hafke, v. tinnemann, t. witte and m. horn-von hoegen spot profile analysis and lifetime mapping in ultrafast electron diffraction: lattice excitation of self-organized ge nanostructures on si(001) structural dynamics 2015, 2, (3), 035101, doi:10.1063/1.4922023, online: 05.06.2015 [-] t. frigge, b. hafke, v. tinnemann, t. witte, b. krenzer and m. horn-von hoegen nanoscale thermal transport in self-organized epitaxial ge nanostructures on si(001) semicond sci tech 2015, 30, (10), 105027 [02.190 (2014)] s. n. khaderi, n. a. fleck, e. arzt and r. m. mcmeeking detachment of an adhered micropillar from a dissimilar substrate j mech phys solids 2015, 75, 159-183 [03.598 (2014)] s. mondal, m. phukan and a. ghatak estimation of solid-liquid interfacial tension using curved surface of a soft solid p natl acad sci usa 2015, 112, (41), 12563-12568 [09.674 (2014)] c. serrano, l. garcía-fernández, j. p. fernández-blázquez, m. barbeck, s. ghanaati, r. unger, j. kirkpatrick, e. arzt, l. funk, p. turón and a. del campo nanostructured medical sutures with antibacterial properties biomaterials 2015, 52, 291-300 [08.557 (2014)] p. stoyanov, r. merz, p. a. romero, f. c. wählisch, o. torrents abad, r. gralla, p. stemmer, m. kopnarski, m. moseler, r. bennewitz and m. dienwiebel surface softening in metal-ceramic sliding contacts: an experimental and numerical investigation acs nano 2015, 9, (2), 1478-1491 [12.881 (2014)] nanotribologie / nanotribology r. bennewitz and n. strobach kann man atome sehen? rasterkraftmikroskopie und die philosophie des abbildens. phys j 2015, 14, (3), 37-42 [-] j. blass, m. albrecht, b. l. bozna, g. wenz and r. bennewitz dynamic effects in friction and adhesion through coopera- tive rupture and formation of supramolecular bonds nanoscale 2015, 7, (17), 7674-7681 [07.394 (2014)] j. blass, b. l. bozna, m. albrecht, j. a. krings, b. j. ravoo, g. wenz and r. bennewitz switching adhesion and friction by light using photosensitive guest-host interactions chem commun 2015, 51, (10), 1830-1833 [06.834 (2014)] b. l. bozna, j. blass, m. albrecht, f. hausen, g. wenz and r. bennewitz friction mediated by redox-active supramolecular connector molecules langmuir 2015, 31, (39), 10708-10716 [04.457 (2014)] a. caron and r. bennewitz lower nanometer-scale size limit for the deformation of a metallic glass by shear transformations revealed by quantitative afm indentation beilstein j nanotechnol 2015, 6, 1721-1732 [02.670 (2014)] m. martinez miró, m. veith, j. lee, f. soldera, f. mücklich, r. bennewitz and o. c. aktas 3d and 2d structural characterization of 1d al/al2o3 biphasic nanostructures j microsc-oxford 2015, 258, (2), 113-118 [02.331 (2014)] x.-q. pei, r. bennewitz and a. k. schlarb mechanisms of friction and wear reduction by carbon fiber reinforcement of peek tribol lett 2015, 58, (3), 48 [01.739 (2014)] p. stoyanov, r. merz, p. a. romero, f. c. wählisch, o. torrents abad, r. gralla, p. stemmer, m. kopnarski, m. moseler, r. bennewitz and m. dienwiebel surface softening in metal-ceramic sliding contacts: an experimental and numerical investigation acs nano 2015, 9, (2), 1478-1491 [12.881 (2014)]
68 schaltbare oberflächen / switchable surfaces j. s. atchison, m. zeiger, a. m. tolosa rodriguez, l. m. funke, n. jäckel and v. presser electrospinning of ultrafine metal oxide/carbon and metal carbide/carbon nanocomposite fibers rsc adv 2015, 5, (45), 35683-35692 [03.840 (2014)] c. t. bauer, e. kroner, n. a. fleck and e. arzt hierarchical macroscopic fibrillar adhesives: in situ study of buckling and adhesion mechanisms on wavy substrates bioinspir biomim 2015, 10, (6), 066002 [02.354 (2014)] d. brodoceanu, r. elnathan, b. prieto-simón, b. delalat, t. m. guinan, e. k. kroner, n. h. voelcker and t. kraus dense arrays of uniform submicron pores in silicon and their applications acs appl mater inter 2015, 7, (2), 1160-1169 [06.723 (2014)] m. frensemeier, e. arzt, e. qin, c. p. frick and a. s. schneider indentation-induced two-way shape-memory effect in aged ti-50.9 at.% ni mrs communications 2015, 5, (1), 77-82 [01.821 (2014)] m. frensemeier, j. s. kaiser, c. p. frick, a. s. schneider, e. arzt, r. s. fertig iii and e. kroner temperature-induced switchable adhesion using nickel-ti- tanium-polydimethylsiloxane hybrid surfaces adv funct mater 2015, 25, (20), 3013-3021 [11.805 (2014)] p. isla yagüe and e. kroner a novel bioinspired switchable adhesive with three distinct adhesive states adv funct mater 2015, 25, (16), 2444-2450 [11.805 (2014)] e. kroner and c. s. davis a study of the adhesive foot of the gecko: translation of a publication by franz weitlaner j adhes 2015, 91, (6), 481-487 [01.417 (2014)] j. purtov, m. frensemeier and e. kroner switchable adhesion in vacuum using bio-inspired dry adhesives acs appl mater inter 2015, 7, (43), 24127-24135 [06.723 (2014)] strukturbildung / structure formation l. gonzález-garcía, s. colodrero, h. míguez and a. r. gonzález-elipe single-step fabrication process of 1-d photonic crystals coupled to nanocolumnar tio2 layers to improve dsc efficiency opt express 2015, 23, (24), a1642-a1650, doi:10.1364/ oe.23.0a1642, online: 03.11.2015 [03.488 (2014)] p. atanasova, n. stitz, s. sanctis, j. h. m. maurer, r. c. hoffmann, s. eiben, h. jeske, j. j. schneider and j. bill genetically improved monolayer-forming tobacco mosaic viruses to generate nanostructured semiconducting bio/inorganic hybrids langmuir 2015, 31, (13), 3897-3903 [04.457 (2014)] d. brodoceanu, r. elnathan, b. prieto-simón, b. delalat, t. m. guinan, e. k. kroner, n. h. voelcker and t. kraus dense arrays of uniform submicron pores in silicon and their applications acs appl mater inter 2015, 7, (2), 1160-1169 [06.723 (2014)] p. büchele, m. richter, s. f. tedde, g. j. matt, g. n. ankah, r. fischer, m. biele, w. metzger, s. lilliu, o. bikondoa, j. e. macdonald, c. j. brabec, t. kraus, u. lemmer and o. schmidt x-ray imaging with scintillator-sensitized hybrid organic photodetectors nat photonics 2015, 9, 843-848 [32.386 (2014)] m. e. calvo, l. gonzález-garcía, j. parra-barranco, a. barranco, a. jiménez-solano, a. r. gonzález-elipe and h. míguez flexible distributed bragg reflectors from nanocolumnar templates adv opt mater 2015, 3, (2), 171-175 [04.062 (2014)] i. dewald, o. isakin, j. schubert, t. kraus and m. chanana protein identity and environmental parameters determine the final physico-chemical properties of protein-coated metal nanoparticles j phys chem c 2015, 119, (45), 25482-25492 [04.772 (2014)] r. elnathan, b. delalat, d. brodoceanu, h. alhmoud, f. j. harding, k. buehler, a. nelson, l. isa, t. kraus and n. h. voelcker maximizing transfection efficiency of vertically aligned silicon nanowire arrays adv funct mater 2015, 25, (46), 7215-7225 [11.805 (2014)] r. elnathan, l. isa, d. brodoceanu, a. nelson, f. j. harding, b. delalat, t. kraus and n. h. voelcker versatile particle-based route to engineer vertically aligned silicon nanowire arrays and nanoscale pores acs appl mater inter 2015, 7, (42), 23717-23724 [06.723 (2014)] n. a. fleck, r. m. mcmeeking and t. kraus convective assembly of a particle monolayer langmuir 2015, 31, (51), 13655-13663 [04.457 (2014)] j. lacava, a. weber and t. kraus ageing of alkylthiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles part part syst char 2015, 32, (4), 458-466 [03.081 (2014)] j. h. m. maurer, l. gonzález-garcía, b. reiser, i. kanelidis and t. kraus sintering of ultrathin gold nanowires for transparent electronics acs appl mater inter 2015, 7, (15), 7838-7842 [06.723 (2014)] s. t. moerz, a. kraegeloh, m. chanana and t. kraus formation mechanism for stable hybrid clusters of proteins and nanoparticles acs nano 2015, 9, (7), 6696-6705 [12.881 (2014)] r. b. vasani, n. janardanan, b. prieto-simón, a. cifuen- tes-rius, s. j. bradley, e. moore, t. kraus and n. h. voelcker microwave heating of poly(n-isopropylacrylamide)-conju- gated gold nanoparticles for temperature-controlled display of concanavalin a acs appl mater inter 2015, 7, (50), 27755-27764 [06.723 (2014)] fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // publikationen / publications
69 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 biogrenzflächen / bio interfaces biomineralisation / biomineralization l. carrillo, b. cucu, v. bandmann, u. homann, b. hertel, s. hillmer, g. thiel and a. bertl high-resolution membrane capacitance measurements for studying endocytosis and exocytosis in yeast traffic 2015, 16, (7), 760-772, doi:10.1111/tra.12275, online: 25.02.2015 [04.350 (2014)] m.-l. lemloh biomineralization in ciliates. key engineering materials 2015, 672, 40-46 [-] l. siller, s. piticharoenphun, m.-l. lemloh, b.r. horrocks, b. kaulich, a. gianoncelli, m.r.c. hunt, f. brümmer, and d. medakovic sulphur-containing compounds as a response in sea urchins exposed to alkylated silicon nanocrystals and sio2-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. key engineering materials 2015, 672, 312-327 [-] cvd/biooberflächen / cvd/biosurfaces j. lee, h. jeon, a. haidar, h. abdul-khaliq, m. veith, o. c. aktas and y. kim recombinant phage coated 1d al2o3 nanostructures for controlling the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells biomed res int 2015, 2015, article id 909807 [01.579 (2014)] m. martinez miró, m. veith, j. lee, f. soldera, f. mücklich, r. bennewitz and o. c. aktas 3d and 2d structural characterization of 1d al/al2o3 biphasic nanostructures j microsc-oxford 2015, 258, (2), 113-118 [02.331 (2014)] a. may, n. agarwal, j. lee, m. lambert, c. k. akkan, f. p. nothdurft and o. c. aktas laser induced anisotropic wetting on ti–6al–4v surfaces mater lett 2015, 138, 21-24 [02.489 (2014)] f. p. nothdurft, d. fontana, s. ruppenthal, a. may, o. c. aktas, y. mehraein, p. lipp and l. kaestner differential behavior of fibroblasts and epithelial cells on structured implant abutment materials: a comparison of materials and surface topographies clin implant dent r 2015, 17, (6), 1237-1249 [03.589 (2014)] dynamische biomateralien / dynamic biomaterials j. i. paez, o. ustahüseyin, c. serrano, x.-a. ton, z. shafiq, g. k. auernhammer, m. d’ischia and a. del campo gauging and tuning cross-linking kinetics of catechol-peg adhesives via catecholamine functionalization biomacromolecules 2015, 16, (12), 3811-3818 [05.750 (2014)] nano zell interaktionen / nano cell interactions m. kroker, u. sydlik, a. autengruber, c. cavelius, h. weighardt, a. kraegeloh and k. unfried preventing carbon nanoparticle-induced lung inflamma- tion reduces antigen-specific sensitization and subsequent allergic reactions in a mouse model part fibre toxicol 2015, 12, (1), 20, doi:10.1186/s12989- 015-0093-5, online: 04.07.2015 [07.113 (2014)] e. hemmer, c. cavelius, v. huch and s. mathur templating influence of molecular precursors on pr(oh)3 nanostructures inorg chem 2015, 54, (13), 6267-6280 [04.762 (2014)] j. hoppstädter, m. seif, a. dembek, c. cavelius, h. huwer, a. kraegeloh and a. k. kiemer m2 polarization enhances silica nanoparticle uptake by macrophages front pharmacol 2015, 6, article 55 [-] s. t. moerz, a. kraegeloh, m. chanana and t. kraus formation mechanism for stable hybrid clusters of proteins and nanoparticles acs nano 2015, 9, (7), 6696-6705 [12.881 (2014)] h. peuschel, t. ruckelshausen, c. cavelius and a. kraegeloh quantification of internalized silica nanoparticles via sted microscopy biomed res int 2015, 2015, article id 961208 [01.579 (2014)] nanokomposit-materialien / nanocomposite materials optische materialien / optical materials a. aghdaie, h. haratizadeh, s. h. mousavi, s. a. jafari mohammadi and p. w. de oliveira effect of doping on structural and luminescence properties of aln nanowires ceram int 2015, 41, (2, part b), 2917-2922 [02.605 (2014)] m. aslan, d. weingarth, p. herbeck-engel, i. grobelsek and v. presser polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl butyral composite as a stable binder for castable supercapacitor electrodes in aqueous electrolytes j power sources 2015, 279, 323-333 [06.217 (2014)] e. koushki, s. h. mousavi, s. a. jafari mohammadi, m. h. majles ara and p. w. de oliveira optical properties of aluminum oxide thin films and colloidal nanostructures thin solid films 2015, 592, part a, 81-87 [01.759 (2014)] querschnittsbereiche / cross linking activities innovative elektronenmikroskopie / innovative electron microscopy a. bachmaier, h. aboulfadl, m. pfaff, f. mücklich and c. motz structural evolution and strain induced mixing in cu–co composites studied by transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography mater charact 2015, 100, 178-191 [01.845 (2014)] ˇ ´
70 fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // publikationen / publications a. bachmaier, m. pfaff, m. stolpe, h. aboulfadl and c. motz phase separation of a supersaturated nanocrystalline cu-co alloy and its influence on thermal stability acta mater 2015, 96, 269-283 [04.465 (2014)] m. casavola, j. hermannsdörfer, n. de jonge, a. i. dugulan and k. p. de jong fabrication of fischer-tropsch catalysts by deposition of iron nanocrystals on carbon nanotubes adv funct mater 2015, 25, (33), 5309-5319 [11.805 (2014)] t. dahmen, h. kohr, n. de jonge and p. slusallek matched backprojection operator for combined scanning transmission electron microscopy tilt- and focal series microsc microanal 2015, 21, (03), 725-738 [01.877 (2014)] t. dahmen, h. kohr, n. de jonge and p. slusallek reconstruction strategies for combined tilt- and focal series scanning transmission electron microscopy microsc microanal 2015, 21, (supplement s3), 2337-2338 [01.877 (2014)] t. frigge, b. hafke, v. tinnemann, b. krenzer and m. horn-von hoegen nanoscale heat transport from ge hut, dome, and relaxed clusters on si(001) measured by ultrafast electron diffraction appl phys lett 2015, 106, (5), 053108 [03.302 (2014)] t. frigge, b. hafke, v. tinnemann, t. witte and m. horn-von hoegen spot profile analysis and lifetime mapping in ultrafast electron diffraction: lattice excitation of self-organized ge nanostructures on si(001) structural dynamics 2015, 2, (3), 035101, doi:10.1063/1.4922023, online: 05.06.2015 [-] j. hermannsdörfer and n. de jonge radiation damage of biological specimen in environmental electron microscopy microsc microanal 2015, 21, (supplement s3), 891-892 [01.877 (2014)] j. hermannsdörfer, n. de jonge, v. tinnemann, d. alansary, b. a. niemeyer, u. korf and d. b. peckys electron microscopy of labeled membrane proteins in whole eukaryotic cells in liquid eur biophys j 2015, 44, (suppl. 1), s126 [02.219 (2014)] j. hermannsdörfer, n. de jonge and a. verch electron beam induced chemistry of gold nanoparticles in saline solution chem commun 2015, 51, (91), 16393-16396 [06.834 (2014)] d. b. peckys and n. de jonge studying the stoichiometry of epidermal growth factor receptor in intact cells using correlative microscopy j vis exp 2015, (103), e53186, doi:10.3791/53186, online: 11.09.2015 [01.325 (2014)] d. b. peckys, j. hermannsdörfer, v. tinnemann, u. korf and n. de jonge visualizing the distribution and stoichiometry of growth factor receptors in intact cells in liquid phase with cor- relative fluorescence and scanning transmission electron microscopy microsc microanal 2015, 21, (supplement s3), 213-214 [01.877 (2014)] d. b. peckys, u. korf and n. de jonge local variations of her2 dimerization in breast cancer cells discovered by correlative fluorescence and liquid electron microscopy sci adv 2015, 1, (6), e1500165, doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500165, online: 17.07.2015 [-] d. tilgner, m. friedrich, j. hermannsdörfer and r. kempe titanium dioxide reinforced metal-organic framework pd catalysts: activity and reusability enhancement in alcohol dehydrogenation reactions and improved photocatalytic performance chemcatchem 2015, 7, (23), 3916-3922 [04.556 (2014)]. v. tinnemann, d. b. peckys and n. de jonge the localization of her2 in the membrane of whole skbr3 cells in native liquid state eur biophys j 2015, 44, (suppl. 1), s120 [02.219 (2014)] m. w. p. van de put, c. c. m. c. carcouët, p. h. h. bomans, h. friedrich, n. de jonge and n. a. j. m. sommerdijk writing silica structures in liquid with scanning transmis- sion electron microscopy small 2015, 11, (5), 585-590 [08.368 (2014)] a. verch, j. hermannsdörfer and n. de jonge the stability of gold nanoparticles in liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments studied under varied conditions microsc microanal 2015, 21, (supplement s3), 1125-1126 [01.877 (2014)] a. verch, m. pfaff and n. de jonge exceptionally slow movement of gold nanoparticles at a solid/liquid interface investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy langmuir 2015, 31, (25), 6956-6964 [04.457 (2014)] j. zecevic, k. p. de jong and n. de jonge manipulating size and shape of silica nanoparticles with liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy microsc microanal 2015, 21, (supplement s3), 1129-1130 [01.877 (2014)] innovationszentrum inm / innovationcenter inm l. lin and a. k. schlarb vibration welding of nano-tio2 filled polypropylene polym eng sci 2015, 55, (2), 243-250 [01.520 (2014)] l. lin and a. k. schlarb vibration welding of polypropylene-based nanocomposites – the crucial stage for the weld quality compos part b-eng 2015, 68, 193-199 [02.983 (2014)] l. lin and a. k. schlarb investigation on morphology and properties of melt com- pounded polyoxymethylene/carbon nanotube composites j appl polym sci 2015, 132, (40), 42639 [01.768 (2014)] x.-q. pei, r. bennewitz and a. k. schlarb mechanisms of friction and wear reduction by carbon fiber reinforcement of peek tribol lett 2015, 58, (3), 48 [01.739 (2014)] a. k. schlarb, l. lin, d. n. suwitaningsih and b. suksut process-morphology-property-relationships of titania-filled polypropylene nanocomposites
71 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 international journal of civil and structural engineering – ijcse 2015, 2, (2), 259-262 [-] modellierung/simulation / modelling/simulation m. bacca, d. r. hayhurst and r. m. mcmeeking continuous dynamic recrystallization during severe plastic deformation mech mater 2015, 90, 148-156 [02.329 (2014)] m. r. begley, c. creton and r. m. mcmeeking the elastostatic plane strain mode i crack tip stress and displacement fields in a generalized linear neo-hookean elastomer j mech phys solids 2015, 84, 21-38 [03.598 (2014)] n. a. fleck, r. m. mcmeeking and t. kraus convective assembly of a particle monolayer langmuir 2015, 31, (51), 13655-13663 [04.457 (2014)] s. n. khaderi, n. a. fleck, e. arzt and r. m. mcmeeking detachment of an adhered micropillar from a dissimilar substrate j mech phys solids 2015, 75, 159-183 [03.598 (2014)] m. klinsmann, d. rosato, m. kamlah and r. m. mcmeeking an assessment of the phase field formulation for crack growth comput method appl m 2015, 294, 313-330 [02.959 (2014)] programmbereichsungebunden / not linked to a program division chemische analytik / chemical analytics h.-j. mai, c. lindermayr, c. von toerne, c. fink-straube, j. durner and p. bauer iron and fer-like iron deficiency-induced tran- scription factor-dependent regulation of proteins and genes in arabidopsis thaliana roots proteomics 2015, 15, (17), 3030-3047 [03.807 (2014)] y. e. silina, c. fink-straube, h. hayen and d. a. volmer analysis of fatty acids and triacylglycerides by pd nanopar- ticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry anal methods 2015, 7, (9), 3701-3707 [01.821 (2014)] y. e. silina, m. koch and d. a. volmer influence of surface melting effects and availability of reagent ions on ldi-ms efficiency after uv laser irradiation of pd nanostructures j mass spectrom 2015, 50, (3), 578-585 [02.379 (2014)] y. e. silina, m. koch and d. a. volmer impact of analyte ablation and surface acidity of pd nano- particles on efficiency of surface-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-mass spectrometry int j mass spectrom 2015, 387, 24-30 [01.972 (2014)] y. e. silina, t. a. kuchmenko and d. a. volmer sorption of hydrophilic dyes on anodic aluminium oxide films and application to ph sensing analyst 2015, 140, (3), 771-778 [04.107 (2014)] physikalische analytik / physical analytics k. astanina, m. koch, c. jüngst, a. zumbusch and a. k. kiemer lipid droplets as a novel cargo of tunnelling nanotubes in endothelial cells sci rep 2015, 5, art. nr.: 11453, doi:10.1038/srep11453, online: 22.06.2015 [05.578 (2014)] p. dandekar, r. jain, m. keil, b. loretz, m. koch, g. wenz and c.-m. lehr enhanced uptake and sirna-mediated knockdown of a biologically relevant gene using cyclodextrin polyrotaxane j mater chem b 2015, 3, (13), 2590-2598 [04.726 (2014)] r. jain, p. dandekar, b. loretz, m. koch and c.-m. lehr dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer-sirna nanoparticles for silencing a therapeutically relevant gene in macrophages medchemcomm 2015, 6, (4), 691-701 [02.495 (2014)] y. e. silina, m. koch and d. a. volmer influence of surface melting effects and availability of reagent ions on ldi-ms efficiency after uv laser irradiation of pd nanostructures j mass spectrom 2015, 50, (3), 578-585 [02.379 (2014)] y. e. silina, m. koch and d. a. volmer impact of analyte ablation and surface acidity of pd nano- particles on efficiency of surface-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-mass spectrometry int j mass spectrom 2015, 387, 24-30 [01.972 (2014)] inm fellows / inm fellows t. engel and g. kickelbick furan-modified spherosilicates as building blocks for self-healing materials eur j inorg chem 2015, 2015, (7), 1226-1232 [02.942 (2014)] z. mortezapouraghdam, l. haab, f. i. corona-strauss, g. steidl and d. j. strauss assessment of long-term habituation correlates in event-re- lated potentials using a von mises model ieee t neur sys reh 2015, 23, (3), 363-373 [03.188 (2014)] s. schäfer and g. kickelbick self-healing polymer nanocomposites based on diels-al- der-reactions with silica nanoparticles: the role of the polymer matrix polymer 2015, 69, 357-368 [03.562 (2014)] nachtrag 2014 / supplement 2014 biomineralisation/ biomineralization j. m. kanold, m.-l. lemloh, p. schwendt, z. burghard, j. baier, f. herbst, j. bill, f. marin and f. brümmer in vivo enrichment of magnesium ions modifies sea urchin spicule properties bioinspir biomim nan 2014, 4, (bbn2), 111-120 [00.978 (2014)] innovative elektronenmikroskopie / innovative electron microscopy k. song, h. k. schmid, v. srot, e. gilardi, g. gregori, k. du, j. maier and p. a. van aken cerium reduction at the interface between ceria and yttria-stabilised zirconia and implications for interfacial oxygen non-stoichiometry microsc microanal 2014, 20, (supplement s3), 420-421 [01.877 (2014)]
72 eingeladene vorträge / invited talks fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // vorträge / talks im jahr 2015 wurden insgesamt 258 vorträge gehalten, davon 79 eingeladene wissenschaftliche vorträge und 179 sonstige vorträge. (stand: 31.03.2016) eine liste aller vorträge finden sie unter http://www.leibniz-inm.de/publikationen/ in 2015, 258 talks were given, including 79 invited talks and 179 other talks. (as of: 31.03.2016) a list of all talks are available on our website http://www.leibniz-inm.de/en/publications/ grenzflächenmaterialien / interface materials energie-materalien / energy materials s. choudhury, m. stamm, l. ionov and v. presser lithium-sulfur batteries: an emerging energy technology towards the smart car concept university of calcutta; december 23, 2015; calcutta <india> v. presser grenzflächenelektrochemie als innovative technologieplatt- form: energie speichern, wasser aufbereiten und mehr technische universität; january 09, 2015; dresden v. presser supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors, and flow capacitors cost winter seminar latest developments in elec- trochemical capacitors; january 29-31, 2015; poznan <poland> v. presser insights into ion electrosorption with complementary in situ interfacial electrochemistry bar ilan university; march 16, 2015; ramat gan <israel> v. presser supercapacitors – quo vadis? robert bosch gmbh; march 18, 2015; stuttgart v. presser supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors, and flow capacitors workshop on materials science for energy storage; may 11-15, 2015; trieste <italy> v. presser insights into ion electrosorption with complementary in situ interfacial electrochemistry ipf – leibniz institute for polymer research; june 12, 2015; dresden v. presser nanocarbons for electrochemical applications ecust – uds summer school on materials science and chemistry; october 06-15, 2015; saarbrücken funktionelle mikrostrukturen / functional surfaces e. arzt bioinspirierte oberflächen interdiziplinäre vortragsveranstaltung oberflächen, ilek, universität stuttgart, institut für leichtbau, ent- werfen und konstruieren; may 07, 2015; stuttgart e. arzt biomimetic functional surfaces: from geckos to geckomer ® technology seminar in begbroke science forum, oxford university materials department; may 21, 2015; oxford <uk> e. arzt biomimetic functional surfaces: from geckos to geckomer ® technology institutskolloquium, max-born-institut; may 28, 2015; berlin e. arzt new functional surfaces based on dimensional effects institutskolloquium, universität wien; june 08, 2015; wien e. arzt novel biomimetic functional surfaces photonen science colloquium, desy; june 12, 2015; hamburg e. arzt bioinspired functional surfaces unigr & inm workshop “tailored materials interfaces”; june 29-30, 2015; saarbrücken e. arzt innovation und transdisziplinarität (podiumsdiskussion) innovation days 2015: wirtschaft trifft wissenschaft, partnering-konferenz und karl heinz beckurts-preisver- leihung; december 09, 2015; berlin r. hensel gecko-inspired dry adhesion systems for pick-and-place applications achema; june 16, 2015; frankfurt am main nanotribologie / nanotribology r. bennewitz observing atoms at work – nanomechanics studies by force microscopy seminar at the bilkent university, department of physics; march 11, 2015; ankara <turkey> r. bennewitz molecular control of nano-scale friction eci conference “advances in lubrication v: lubricated contact”; april 13-17, 2015; cadiz <spain>
73 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 r. bennewitz molecular control of friction and adhesion soft matter+ day, university of twente; june 04, 2015; enschede <netherlands> r. bennewitz lubrication and wear from atomic layers to biological coatings international conference on understanding and cont- rolling nano and mesoscale friction; june 21-27, 2015; istanbul <turkey> r. bennewitz, j. blass, b. l. bozna, m. albrecht and g. wenz friction and adhesion controlled by supramolecular assemblies international tribology conference – itc 2015; september 14-16, 2015; tokyo <japan> r. bennewitz, a. caron, c. petzold and s. g. balakrishna nanoscale friction on metal and graphene-covered surfaces international tribology conference – itc 2015, satellite meeting “friction – from atomic to geophysical scales”; september 14-16, 2015; tokyo <japan> r. bennewitz molekulare kontrolle von reibung karlsruher werkstoffkolloquium, karlsruher institut für technologie (kit); november 11, 2015; karlsruhe j. blass, b. l. bozna, m. albrecht, g. wenz and r. bennewitz controlling friction and adhesion by supramolecular assemblies 6th european nanomanipulation workshop; september 23, 2015; gießen n. özgün, r. bennewitz and d. j. strauss relating tribological stimuli to single-trial somatosensory electroencephalographic responses: a pilot study workshop on “cyclic data processing”, fraunhofer-in- stitut für techno- und wirtschaftsmathematik itwm; april 10, 2015; kaiserslautern schaltbare oberflächen / switchable surfaces e. kroner switchable bio-inspired adhesives spie smart structures; march 08-12, 2015; san diego <ca, usa> e. kroner biomimicry, bioinspiration, and the san diego zoo spie smart structures; march 08-12, 2015; san diego <ca, usa> e. kroner switchable adhesives fachausschusssitzung des dgm-fa „funktionalisierung von oberflächen mittels mikro/nano strukturierungsver- fahren“; may 06, 2015; saarbrücken e. kroner schaltbare oberflächen institut für mikrostrukturtechnik (imt), kit; may 12, 2015; karlsruhe strukturbildung / structure formation a.-r. jochem, g. n. ankah, s. elsenberg, u. rösch, c. johann and t. kraus ligand dependent particle losses of gold nanoparticles during asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation 3rd workshop on field-flow fractionation – mass spectro- metry, university of vienna; september 05, 2015; wien t. kraus physical chemistry of modern nanocomposites heinrich-heine-universität; april 08, 2015; düsseldorf t. kraus transparent conductive layers through photometallization or nanoparticle assembly public hop-x seminar at innovationlab; april 09, 2015; heidelberg t. kraus panel discussion on innovation technology review – innovatoren unter 35; july 01, 2015; berlin t. kraus agglomerating particles into new materials cnrs, université pierre et marie curie, institut des na- no-sciences de paris (insp); july 17, 2015; paris <france> t. kraus from nanoparticles to materials: particle agglomeration, binary supraparticles, and photovoltaic films kick-off meeting in the frame of the project “daad melbourne-bayreuth – polymer-colloid network”; november 30-december 04, 2015; melbourne <australia> biogrenzflächen / bio interfaces biomineralisation / biomineralization i. m. weiss bio/inorganic materials research – potential cross-links for ‚saving oseberg‘ saving oseberg – project meeting, folkemuseet; february 04, 2015; oslo <norway> i. m. weiss cooperative effects of enzymes involved in biomineralization experimed symposium: cross-roads in musculoskeletal regeneration, klinikum der universität lmu (auhp clinic, lmu); february 27, 2015; münchen i. m. weiss biomineralizing interfaces – an evolutionary view on enzymes interfaculty biomineralization seminar, the university of tokyo; may 11, 2015; tokyo <japan> i. m. weiss biomineralizing interfaces international symposium “hierarchical structures and dynamics at soft interfaces”, workshop at icems institute, kyoto university; may 14, 2015; kyoto <japan>
74 fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // vorträge / talks i. m. weiss regulatory mechanisms at hard-soft interfaces: a case study chemistry department seminar, school of engineering, kyoto university; june 03, 2015; kyoto <japan> i. m. weiss on marine origins of biological materials marine biosciences department seminar, jamstec; june 11, 2015; yokosuka <japan> i. m. weiss biomineralization – a source of inspiration for glycotech- nology the 76th gifu glyco-seminar series, applied bio-organic chemistry, the university of gifu; june 29, 2015; gifu <japan> i. m. weiss formation mechanisms of biological materials icems seminar, icems institute, kyoto university; june 30, 2015; kyoto <japan> dynamische biomateralien / dynamic biomaterials a. del campo dynamic biointerfaces “biointerfaces: cell – material interactions”; september 03-04, 2015; la plata <argentina> m. salierno, k. kiefer and a. del campo fibril-like environments arbitrate migratory transitions physics of cancer 2015; september 07-09, 2015; leipzig a. del campo dynamic cellular microenvironments sfb 1027 seminar; october 10, 2015; saarbrücken a. del campo guiding cell interaction with biomaterials with light materials for tomorrow 2015; november 03-04 2015; chalmers <sweden> nano zell interaktionen / nano cell interactions a. kraegeloh quantification of cellular nanoparticle doses by sted microscopy nanosafety workshop, university of south australia; april 27-28, 2015; adelaide <australia> a. kraegeloh nanopartikel-zell-wechselwirkungen interdisziplinärer lung-club, experimentelle pneumolo- gie und allergologie, universitäts-klinikum und medizini- sche fakultät des saarlandes; february 10, 2015; homburg a. kraegeloh, t. ruckelshausen and h. peuschel sted microscopy to monitor nanoparticle cell interactions 10th workshop and conference on advanced multi- photon and fluorescence lifetime imaging techniques flim 2015, universität des saarlandes; june 17-19, 2015; saarbrücken nanokomposit-materialien / nanocomposite materials optische materialien / optical materials j. adam analysis of dispersions made of ceramic scintillator particles with different sizes and different grades of aggregation and agglomeration international workshop on dispersion analysis & materials testing; january 22-23, 2015; berlin j. adam synthesis and dispersion of luminescent nano-/particles for the hop-x project public hop-x seminar at innovationlab; april 09, 2015; heidelberg m. amlung glasartige und glas-keramik funktionsschichten auf gläsern und metallen jahrestagung des deutschen email verbandes; april 19-20, 2015; trier m. amlung nanoparticles for optics atca workshop kist; september 14-15, 2015; saarbrücken m. amlung and p. w. de oliveira optical materials sol-gel science symposium, dsm; november 12, 2015; roosterhoeve <netherlands> t. s. müller materials and processing for functionalized structures german days – 10th anniversary of the german pavilion, nanotech 2015, tokyo big sight; january 29, 2015; tokyo <japan> p. rogin and m. amlung glasartige sol-gel-schicht auf stahl als multifunktionsbarriere 16. wörlitzer workshop „isolations- und barriereschich- ten für funktionelle anwendungen“; june 15-16, 2015; wörlitz querschnittsbereiche / cross linking activities innovative elektronenmikroskopie / innovative electron microscopy n. de jonge electron microscopy of biological specimens and nanomaterials in liquid universität bayreuth, colloquium sonderforschungs bereich sfb 840; january 26, 2015; bayreuth n. de jonge scanning transmission electron microscopy of whole cells and nanomaterials in liquid seminar: université paris 7 – denis diderot, laboratoire matériaux et phénomènes quantiques; february 11, 2015; paris <france> materials for tomorrow 2015; november 03-042015;
75 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 n. de jonge studying growth factor receptor proteins in whole cells in liquid using scanning transmission electron microscopy seminar: institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire; march 20, 2015; illkirch/strasbourg <france> n. de jonge electron microscopy of labeled membrane proteins in whole eukaryotic cells in their native aqueous environment seminar: max-planck-institut für intelligente systeme, neue materialien und biosysteme, universität heidel- berg; april 22, 2015; heidelberg n. de jonge scanning transmission electron microscopy of biological specimens in liquid xivth french microscopy society conference; june 30- july 03, 2015; nice <france> n. de jonge studying protein complexes on whole cells in liquid using scanning transmission electron microscopy iamnano 2015 international workshop on advanced and in-situ microscopies of functional nanomaterials and devices; july 08-10, 2015; hamburg n. de jonge studying the behaviour of nanoparticles in liquid with electron microscopy esteem2 workshop on in situ tem, chalmers campus; july 20-23, 2015; gothenburg <sweden> n. de jonge principles of transmission electron microscopy of nan liquid and application in biology and materials science microscopy conference 2015; september 06-11, 2015; göttingen n. de jonge scanning transmission electron microscopy of whole cells and nanomaterials in liquid opening ceremony of the center for surface and nano- analytics (zona), johannes kepler universität; septem- ber 17, 2015; linz <austria> n. de jonge studying growth factor receptor proteins in whole cells in liquid using scanning transmission electron microscopy icms discussion meeting, university of technology; october 02, 2015; eindhoven <netherlands> n. de jonge scanning transmission electron microscopy of whole cells and nanomaterials in liquid seminar at the laboratory for electron microscopy, karls- ruhe institute of technology; october 26, 2015; karlsruhe n. de jonge stem of intact cells and nano materials in liquid 2015 nvvm materials science meeting; november 03, 2015; eindhoven <netherlands> d. b. peckys, u. korf and n. de jonge examining the heterogeneity of growth factor receptor complex formation in intact breast cancer cells in liquid state with correlative light- and electron microscopy microscopy congress 2015; november 30-december 11, 2015; london <uk> innovationszentrum inm / innovationcenter inm a. k. schlarb, l. lin, d. n. suwitaningsih and b. suksut process-morphology-property-relationships of titania-filled polypropylene nanocomposites acsm 2015; february 22, 2015; bangkok <thailand> a. k. schlarb welding of polymers and polymer composites chulalongkorn university; february 25, 2015; bangkok <thailand> a. k. schlarb and l. lin on the effect of filler geometry and processing on the morphology and properties of semi-crystalline thermoplastic-based nanocomposites iccm 2015; july 17, 2015; chendgue <china> a. k. schlarb challenges and opportunities in thermoplastic hybrid composites hkust; july 20, 2015; hong kong a. k. schlarb status and developments in tribology of polymer composites mitc 2015; november 17, 2015; penang <malaysia> a. k. schlarb polymer based hybrid materials on different length scales polymer society of thailand; november 20, 2015; bangkok <thailand> programmbereichsungebunden / not linked to a program division inm fellows / inm fellows g. kickelbick chemisches design von anorganisch-organischen grenzflächen gdch-kolloquium; january 22, 2015; chemnitz g. kickelbick selbstheilende hybridmaterialien: über die chemie an grenzflächen mnu bundeskongress; march 31, 2015; saarbrücken g. kickelbick janus nanoparticles – the art of anisotropic synthesis center for interdisciplinary nanostructure, herbst kolloquium; october 15, 2015; kassel n. özgün, r. bennewitz and d. j. strauss relating tribological stimuli to single-trial somatosensory electroencephalographic responses: a pilot study workshop on “cyclic data processing”, fraunhofer-in- stitut für techno- und wirtschaftsmathematik itwm; april 10, 2015; kaiserslautern
76 patente / patents im jahr 2015 erfolgten sechs patentanmeldungen, die noch nicht offengelegt wurden. dem institut wurden 10 patente erteilt. vier patentanmeldungen erfolgten im rahmen einer europäischen anmeldung in insgesamt 23 mitgliedsstaaten, sechs patente wurden im außereuro- päischen ausland zugeteilt. es wurden somit 29 nationa- lisierte schutzrechte im jahr 2015 erteilt; zum ende des geschäftsjahres 2015 unterhielt das institut insgesamt 73 patentfamilien. in 2015, inm has filed six new patent applications which are not yet published. ten patents have been granted. four of these patents are granted in europe and six in foreign countries. the inm – leibniz institute for new materials has 73 active patent families. erteilte europäische patente / patents granted in europe europäisches patent nr. 2459240 b1 titel: „strukturierte oberflächen für implantate“ erfinder: oral cenk aktas, wolfgang metzger, martin oberringer, michael veith europäisches patent nr. 2512650 b1 titel: „verfahren zur herstellung von eingekapselten me- tall-kolloiden als anorganische farbpigmente“ erfinder: dieter anschütz, peter de oliveira, claudia fink- straube, kira fries, martin mennig, sarah schumacher europäisches patent nr. 1709291 b1 titel: „konsolidierungsmittel und dessen verwendung zur konsolidierung von formkörpern und geologischen forma- tionen aus porösen oder partikulären materialien“ erfinder: klaus endres, bernd reinhard, helmut schmidt europäisches patent nr. 2122419 b1 titel: „verfahren zum übertragen von oberflächenstruk- turierungen, wie interferenzschichten, hologrammen und anderen hochbrechenden optischen mikrostrukturen“ erfinder: peter de oliveira, christine faller-schneider, bruno schäfer, michael veith erteilte internationale patente / patents granted internationally us patent nr. 9052588 titel: „zusammensetzung zur herstellung optischer elemente mit gradientenstruktur“ erfinder: peter de oliveira, peter könig, michael veith, omid yazdani-assl chinesisches patent nr. 103328685 titel: „verfahren zur herstellung von metallischen strukturen“ erfinder: eduard arzt, peter de oliveira, karsten moh, sarah schumacher us patent nr. 9051470 titel: „verfahren zur herstellung dünner filme und deren verwendung“ erfinder: peter de oliveira, michael veith us patent nr. 9063280 titel: „verfahren zur herstellung von beschichtungen mit antireflexionseigenschaften“ erfinder: peter de oliveira, mohammad jilavi, sakthivel shanmugasundaram, michael veith koreanisches patent nr. 101543806 titel: „zusammensetzung zur beschichtung elektrischer leiter und verfahren zur herstellung einer solcher zusammensetzung“ erfinder: oral cenk aktas, sener albayrak, carsten becker-willinger, michael veith us patent nr. 9126848 titel: „synthese von nanopartikeln mittels ionischer flüssigkeiten“ erfinder: peter de oliveira, hechun lin, michael veith fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // patente / patents
77 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 lehrveranstaltungen / teaching wintersemester 2014 / 2015 aktas, cenk nanomaterials: synthesis, properties and applications fh kaiserslautern, vorlesung, 2 sws arzt, eduard inm-kolloquium universität des saarlandes, kolloquium, 2 sws arzt, eduard und mitarbeiter/innen nanobiomaterialien-p universität des saarlandes, praktikum, 4 sws arzt, eduard und mitarbeiter/innen nanobiomaterialien-1 universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 2 sws arzt, eduard und mitarbeiter/innen einführung in die materialwissenschaft für (studierende der) mikrotechnologie und nanostrukturen universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 5 sws becker-willinger, carsten ndt master: polymer materials part 1 dresden international university, blockvorlesung, 1 sws bennewitz, roland gute wissenschaftliche praxis universität des saarlandes, blockseminar, 2 sws jonge, niels de elektronenmikroskopie universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 5 sws kraegeloh, annette (mit bernhardt, rita, wittmann, christoph, universität des saarlandes) biochemie i universität des saarlandes, vorlesung, 1 sws kraus, tobias functional coatings universität des saarlandes, vorlesung, 2 sws weiss, ingrid m. protein- / enzymreinigung universität regensburg, kurs / seminar, 4 sws sommersemester 2015 aktas, cenk biomedical coatings fh kaiserslautern, vorlesung, 2 sws arzt, eduard inm-kolloquium universität des saarlandes, kolloquium, 2 sws arzt, eduard und mitarbeiter/innen nanobiomaterialien-2 universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 2 sws bennewitz, roland gute wissenschaftliche praxis universität des saarlandes, blockseminar, 1 sws bennewitz, roland nanomechanik universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 4 sws presser, volker grundlagen der thermodynamik universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 4 sws presser, volker (mit wenz, gerhard, universität des saarlandes) smart materials and polymers universität des saarlandes, vorlesung, 1 sws presser, volker (mit hempelmann, rolf, universität des saarlandes) werkstoffe für effiziente energienutzung universität des saarlandes, vorlesung, 1 sws presser, volker (mit kolleg/inn/en, universität des saarlandes) praktikum i-1: verwendung von origin universität des saarlandes, praktikum, 0,5 sws wintersemester 2015 / 2016 arzt, eduard inm-kolloquium universität des saarlandes, kolloquium, 2 sws arzt, eduard und mitarbeiter/innen nanobiomaterialien-p universität des saarlandes, praktikum, 4 sws arzt, eduard und mitarbeiter/innen nanobiomaterialien-1 universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 2 sws arzt, eduard und mitarbeiter/innen einführung in die materialwissenschaft für (studierende der) mikrotechnologie und nanostrukturen universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 5 sws becker-willinger, carsten technologie der polymere und komposite universität des saarlandes, vorlesung, 1 sws becker-willinger, carsten ndt master: polymer materials part 1 dresden international university, blockvorlesung, 1 sws bennewitz, roland gute wissenschaftliche praxis universität des saarlandes, blockseminar, 1 sws bennewitz, roland technische physik universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 4 sws jonge, niels de elektronenmikroskopie universität des saarlandes, vorlesung / übung, 2 sws kraegeloh, annette (mit bernhardt, rita, wittmann, christoph, universität des saarlandes) biochemie i universität des saarlandes, vorlesung, 1 sws kraus, tobias functional coatings universität des saarlandes, vorlesung, 2 sws weiss, ingrid m. protein- / enzymreinigung universität regensburg, kurs / seminar, 4 sws
78 vorträge im inm-kolloquium / inm colloquium talks prof. dr. alexei kornyshev, imperial college london, uk ionic liquids at electrified interfaces january 07, 2015, host: jun.-prof. volker presser dr. heiko wolf, ibm, zurich research laboratory, zurich, switzerland microsphere assembly in shallow traps – deterministic fabrication of complex particle clusters february 04, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus ivan litzov, friedrich-alexander-universität erlangen-nürnberg design, syntheses and characterization of n-type metal oxide semiconductors as interface materials for opto-electronic devices february 11, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus dr. klaus kruttwig, university of california, san francisco, ca, usa novel mri technology for the detection of experimental liver cancer february 12, 2015, host: prof. niels de jonge dr. fabian meder, university college of dublin, ireland biological “recognition” of nanomaterial surface chemistry – protein, virus, and cell responses to mono-, multifunctio- nal, and surface patterned nanoparticles february 25, 2015, host: dr. elmar kroner lizbeth o. prieto lópez, university of cambridge, uk using microfluidics to control soft adhesion february 27, 2015, host: dr. elmar kroner prof. dr. enrico stoll, tu braunschweig active space debris removal using biologically inspired materials march 04, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt dr. aránzazu del campo, max-planck-institut für polymerforschung, mainz lichtgesteuerte wechselwirkung von zellen mit biomaterialien march 13, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt dr. ilaria de santo, università federico ii, istituto italiano di tecnologia, napoli, italy manipulating objects on the micro and nanoscale march 23, 2015, host: dr. elmar kroner prof. dr. kevin t. turner, university of pennsylvania, philadelphia, pa, usa adhesion and wear in probe-based nanomanufacturing processes april 15, 2015, host: prof. roland bennewitz prof. dr. ulrich jonas, universität siegen responsive polymer architectures: „smart“ molecules for smart applications? april 22, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus dr. asaph widmer-cooper, university of sydney, australia tuning nanoparticle interactions and assembly: from ag polyhedra to ligand-mediated interactions april 24, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus dr. jiaxi cui, harvard university, cambridge, ma, usa when bioinspired ideas meet dynamic polymer materials processes may 05, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt pd dr. gerhard maier, polymaterials ag, kaufbeuren high throughput screening, combinatorial experimen- tation and mathematical design of experiments for the development of polymer compounds and blends may 06, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt dr. mihaela delcea, ernst-moritz-arndt-universität greifswald what makes a self-protein to induce an immune response? may 18, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt dr. corentin coulais, leiden university, the netherlands soft mechanical metamaterials may 20, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt dr. sebastian aland, tu dresden numerical simulation of coupled fluid/elastic materials using phase field models may 27, 2015, host: dr. rené hensel prof. dr. nicolas vogel, friedrich-alexander-universität erlangen-nürnberg exploiting colloidal self-assembly: from simple building blocks to functional materials june 03, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus prof. dr. ulrich lemmer, karlsruher institut für technologie (kit), karlsruhe organic photodiodes: fabrication, device operation and applications june 16, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus prof. dr. eva olsson, chalmers university of technology, gothenburg, sweden in situ electron microscopy of hard and soft matter june 19, 2015, host: prof. niels de jonge fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // vorträge im inm-kolloquium / inm colloquium talks
79 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 prof. dr. sachin singh gautam, indian institute of techno- logy guwahati, assam, india time integration schemes for dynamic adhesive contact problems june 23, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt prof. dr. robert danzer, montan-universität leoben, austria varistoren aus zinkoxid: mechanisches versagen und neue physikalische effekte july 01, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt prof. dr. franz faupel, christian-albrechts-universität zu kiel functional nanocomposites – from fabrication to function july 15, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus prof. dr. insu jeon, chonnam national university, gwangju, republic of korea fabrication and mechanical analysis of aluminum and bioceramic foam materials october 01, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt dr. emmanuelle lacaze, cnrs – université pierre et marie curie, paris, france control of nanoparticle self-assemblies using distorted liquid crystals und dr. jérôme fresnais, laboratoire de physico-chimie des electrolytes, colloïdes et sciences, paris, france magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, magnetic and heating properties october 14, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus prof. dr. thomas hellweg, universität bielefeld smart microgels and microgel nanoparticle hybrids: pro- perties, characterization, and potential october 21, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus prof. dr. nicolas giuseppone, institut charles sadron (ics), strasbourg, france dynamic supramolecular polymers as functional materials october 28, 2015, host: prof. aránzazu del campo dr. william ronan, university of cambridge, uk modelling of cellular biomechanics october 30, 2015, host: prof. eduard arzt dr. zheng ling, dalian university of technology, china mxenes: synthesis, assembly and applications november 09, 2015, host: jun.-prof. volker presser dr. pradip dey, freie universität berlin mimicking of chondrocyte microenvironment using in situ forming dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dpgs) based hydrogels november 16, 2015, host: prof. aránzazu del campo dr. roman tsaryk, max planck institut für molekulare biomedizin, münster regulation of blood vessel formation during development and in tissue engineering november 20, 2015, host: prof. aránzazu del campo prof. dr. bastian j. m. etzold, friedrich-alexander-universi- tät erlangen-nürnberg new carbon materials for catalysis and energy related applications november 25, 2015, host: jun.-prof. volker presser dr. markus valtiner, max-planck-institut für eisenfor- schung, düsseldorf measuring single molecular interaction free energies and ion/structuring at solid/liquid interfaces december 02, 2015, host: prof. roland bennewitz dr. vítor espírito santo, instituto de biologia experimental e tecnológica (ibet), lisboa, portugal advanced biomimetic systems towards cell therapy and disease modeling december 04, 2015, host: prof. aránzazu del campo dr. alexander j. c. kühne, dwi – leibniz-institut für inter- aktive materialien, aachen self-assembled, colloidal conjugated polymer microlasers december 10, 2015, host: dr. tobias kraus
80 veranstaltungen / events besuch einer delegation von austauschstudierenden von korea tech organisation, führung, vorträge roland bennewitz saarbrücken, 28.01.2015 nano tech 2015 stand, exponate mareike frensemaier, karsten moh, thomas müller und wolfram seitz tokyo, japan, 28.-30.01.2015 research funding in germany – an overview for female scientists organisation, ausrichtung christina sauer-hormann und silke zeiter-semmet (mit universität des saarlandes) saarbrücken, 24.02.2015 besuch von anke rehlinger, ministerin für wirtschaft, energie und verkehr des saarlandes organisation, präsentationen eduard arzt, joachim blau, karsten moh, volker presser, mario quilitz, günter weber und ingrid weiss saarbrücken, 25.02.2015 lopec – 7. internationale fachmesse für gedruckte elektronik stand, exponate thomas müller, michael opsölder und wolfram seitz münchen, 04.-05.03.2015 besuch einer delegation der koreanischen advanced technology center association organisation, präsentation, führung mario quilitz (mit kist europe) saarbrücken, 23.03.2015 besuch von teilnehmern des 106. mnu bundeskongresses organisation, vortrag, führung eduard arzt, marcus koch, annette kraegeloh, karsten moh, mario quilitz, peter rogin und daniel weingarth saarbrücken, 30.03.2015 hannover messe 2015 stand, exponate joachim blau, marlon jochum, karsten moh, thomas mül- ler, michael opsölder, mario quilitz, sabine schmitz-stöwe und wolfram seitz hannover, 13.-17.04.2015 girls´ day am inm: „mit allen sinnen forschen“ organisation, ausrichtung britta abt, claudia fink-straube, christina sauer-hormann, silke siegrist und silke zeiter-semmet saarbrücken, 23.04.2015 first czech-german workshop on nanotechnology entrepreneurship stand, exponate mario quilitz prag, tschechische republik, 04.-05.05.2015 besuch von teilnehmern des gradus global programmes der universität des saarlandes organisation, vortrag, führungen roland bennewitz und mario quilitz saarbrücken, 29.05.2015 besuch von teilnehmern eines internationalen treffens der rotarier eduard arzt, arnaud caron, volker presser und mario quilitz saarbrücken, 30.05.2015 techconnect world stand, exponate carsten becker-willinger und wolfram seitz washington d.c., usa, 15.-16.06.2015 uni-gr – inm – workshop “tailored materials interfaces” organisation, ausrichtung eduard arzt, christine hartmann und mario quilitz (mit universität der großregion) saarbrücken, 29.-30.06.2015 besuch von prof. matthias kleiner, präsident der leibniz-gemeinschaft organisation, präsentationen eduard arzt, elke bubel, rené hensel, annette kraegeloh, karsten moh, mario quilitz und günter weber saarbrücken, 03.07.2015 tag der offenen tür an der universität des saarlandes organisation, vorträge, präsentationen, führungen christine hartmann, annette kraegeloh, tobias kraus, alexander kümper, karsten moh, mario quilitz und sarah schmidt saarbrücken, 04.07.2015 schülerpraktikum zur elektronenmikroskopie für schüler des otto-hahn-gymnasiums saarbrücken vortrag, führungen, praktikum niels de jonge, justus hermannsdörfer, diana peckys und andreas verch saarbrücken, 21.07.2015 besuch einer delegation des korean research institute on chemical technology, krict organisation, präsentation, diskussion eduard arzt und mario quilitz (mit kist europe) saarbrücken, 23.07.2015 fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // veranstaltungen / events
81 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 besuch einer delegation von china electronics tech information science academy organisation, präsentationen, führung peter w. de oliveira und mario quilitz saarbrücken, 08.08.2015 e-mrs symposium “transparent conductive materials: from fundamental understanding to applications” organisation lola gonzáles-garcía, christine hartmann, ioannis kanelidis und tobias kraus warschau, polen, 14.-18.09.2015 16. jahrestagung des arbeitskreises bibliotheken und informationseinrichtungen der leibniz-gemeinschaft organisation elke bubel (mit sprecherrat des ak bibliotheken und informationseinrichtungen) bremen, 16.-18.09.2015 iaa – internationale automobil-ausstellung stand, exponate martin amlung, carola jung, thomas müller, michael opsölder, wolfram seitz und günter weber frankfurt, 17.-27.09.2015 bmbf junior investigation workshop on energy research organisation, ausrichtung volker presser saarbrücken, 28.-29.09.2015 34. motek – internationale fachmesse für produktions- und montageautomatisierung stand, exponate joachim blau, karsten moh und wolfram seitz stuttgart, 05.-08.10.2015 besuch einer delegation der tupolew universität von kazan, russland organisation, präsentationen mario quilitz und günter weber saarbrücken, 07.10.2015 besuch von teilnehmern der korea – eu innovation academy organisation, präsentation, diskussionsrunde mario quilitz (mit kist europe) saarbrücken, 15.10.2015 besuch von teilnehmern der ecust summer school organisation, präsentation, führung mario quilitz (mit universität des saarlandes) saarbrücken, 16.10.2015 ferienpraktikum nano- und werkstofftechnologie 2015 organisation, präsentationen, praktika britta abt, mirko bukowski, aude haettich, gisela heppe, marcus koch, elmar kroner, thomas müller, mario quilitz, bernd reinhard, angela rutz, sarah schumacher und silke siegrist (mit vdi / bmbf) saarbrücken, 19.-23.10.2015 cdi&e 2015 – international conference on capacitive deionization and electrosorption organisation, ausrichtung christine hartmann, dominik hell und volker presser saarbrücken, 26.-29.10.2015 besuch von teilnehmern des mento mint programmes der universität des saarlandes organisation, präsentationen, führung sarah fischer, jennifer jung, julia purtov und mario quilitz (mit universität des saarlandes) saarbrücken, 30.10.2015 besuch von mitgliedern der stiftung der rotarier vortrag, führungen eduard arzt, annette kraegeloh, karsten moh, peter w. de oliveira, volker presser und mario quilitz saarbrücken, 09.11.2015 workshop zu rechts- und steuerfragen bei der beschaffung von print- und e-medien organisation elke bubel (mit sprecherrat des ak bibliotheken und informationseinrichtungen) hamburg, 12.-13.11.2015 workshop forschungsverbund nanosicherheit organisation eduard arzt und annette kraegeloh berlin, 26.11.2015 namibind-workshop organisation, ausrichtung christine hartmann, bernd reinhard und ingrid weiss saarbrücken, 30.11.-04.12.2015
82 kooperationen / cooperations kooperationen mit nationalen institu tionen (auswahl) / cooperation with national institutions (selection) albert-ludwigs universität freiburg / freiburg christian-albrechts universität / kiel deutsches elektronensynchrotron desy / hamburg deutsches forschungszentrum für künstliche intelligenz / saarbrücken deutsches krebsforschungszentrum / heidelberg deutsches museum / münchen fachhochschule kaiserslautern / kaiserslautern fachhochschule zweibrücken / zweibrücken ferdinand-braun-institut leibniz-institut für höchstfrequenztechnik (fbh) / berlin forschungszentrum borstel, leibniz zentrum für medizin und biowissenschaften (fzb) / borstel forschungszentrum jülich / jülich fraunhofer ict-imm / mainz fraunhofer institut für werkstoffmechanik (iwm) / freiburg i.br. friedrich-alexander-universität / erlangen-nürnberg heinrich-heine-universität / düsseldorf helmholtz-institut für pharmazeutische forschung saarland (hips) / saarbrücken helmholtz-zentrum berlin für materialien und energie gmbh / berlin hochschule für technik und wirtschaft des saarlandes (htw) / saarbrücken hochschule für technik und wirtschaft berlin johannes gutenberg-universität / mainz karlsruhe institute of technology / karlsruhe kist europe / saarbrücken leibniz-institut für analytische wissenschaften (isas) / dortmund und berlin leibniz institut für arbeitsforschung an der tu dortmund (ifado) / dortmund leibniz-institut für festkörper- und werkstoffforschung (ifw) / dresden leibniz-institut für informationsinfrastruktur (fiz) / karlsruhe leibniz-institut für innovative mikroelektronik (ihp) / frankfurt (oder) leibniz-institut für interaktive materialien (diw) / aachen leibniz-institut für katalyse (likat) / rostock leibniz-institut für kristallzüchtung (ikz) / berlin leibniz-institut für naturstoff-forschung und infektions- biologie (hki) / jena leibniz-institut für oberflächenmodifizierung (iom) / leipzig leibniz-institut für pflanzenbiochemie (ipb) / halle leibniz-institut für plasmaforschung und technologie (inp) / greifswald leibniz-institut für polymerforschung (ipf) / dresden leibniz-institut für umweltmedizinische forschung (iuf) / düsseldorf leibniz-institut für wissensmedien (iwm) / tübingen max-planck-institut für kolloid- und grenzflächen forschung / potsdam max-planck-institut für polymerforschung / mainz paul-drude-institut für festkörperelektronik (pdi) / berlin ruprecht-karls-universität / heidelberg technische universität braunschweig / braunschweig technische universität dresden / dresden technische universität kaiserslautern / kaiserslautern universität bayreuth / bayreuth universität des saarlandes / saarbrücken universität münster / münster universität regensburg / regensburg universität tübingen / tübingen universitätsklinikum des saarlandes / homburg universitätsmedizin mainz / mainz weierstraß-institut für angewandte analysis und stochastik (wias) / berlin zema – zentrum für mechatronik und automatisierungstechnik ggmbh / saarbrücken fakten und zahlen / facts and figures // kooperationen / cooperations
83 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 kooperationen mit internationalen institu- tionen (auswahl) / cooperation with inter- national institutions (selection) adolphe merkle institute / fribourg, switzerland al azhar university / gaza, palestine ao research institute davos (ari) / davos, switzerland bar ilan university / tel aviv, israel bio21 institute of the university of melbourne / melbourne, australia bosphorus university / istanbul, turkey centre de recherche public henri tudor (crp henri tudor) / luxemburg, luxembourg centro technologico de minas gerais cetec / belo horizonte, brasil chonnam national university / gwangju, republic of korea eidgenössische technische hochschule / zurich, switzerland eindhoven university / eindhoven, netherlands empa – swiss federal laboratories for material science and technology / st. gallen, switzerland empa – swiss federal laboratories for materials science and technology / thun, switzerland future industries institute of the university of south australia / adelaide, australia gazi university / ankara, turkey georgia institute of technology /atlanta, ga, usa harvard medical school / cambridge, ma, usa harvard university / cambridge, ma, usa ibec, institute for bioengineering of catalonia / barcelona, spain ibm zurich research laboratory / rüschlikon, switzerland indian institute of petroleum / dehradun, india indian institute of technology / kanpur, india indian institute of technology / madras, india institut d’investigacio sanitaria de palma / palma de mallorca, spain institute for integrated cell-material sciences (icems) / kyoto, japan kist (korea institute of science and technology) / seoul, republic of korea kocaeli üniversitesi / kocaeli, turkey kribb (korea research institute of bioscience and biotechnology) / daejeon, republic of korea krict (korea research institute of chemical technology) / seoul, republic of korea kriss (korean research institute of standards and science) / daejeon, republic of korea kut (korean university of technology and education) / cheonan, republic of korea maastricht university / maastricht, netherlands monash university / melbourne, australia montanuniversität leoben / leoben, austria museum of cultural history, university of oslo / oslo, norway poznan university / poznan, poland technion – israel institute of technology / haifa, israel technische universität wien / vienna, austria tel aviv university / tel aviv, israel trinity college dublin / dublin, ireland unam, bilkent university / ankara, turkey universidade sao paulo / sao paulo, brasil universität wien / vienna, austria university of bologna / bologna, italy university of california / santa barbara, ca, usa university of cambridge / cambridge, uk university of limmerick / limmerick, ireland university of namibia / windhoek, namibia university of notre dame / notre dame, in, usa university of pennsylvania / philadelphia, pa, usa university of qatar / doha, qatar university of strasbourg / strasbourg, france university of tartu / tartu, estonia university of twente / enschede, netherlands university of wyoming / laramie, wy, usa utrecht university / utrecht, netherlands voronesh state university / voronesh, russia xiamen university / xiamen, china xi’an jiaotong university / xi’an, china zhaw – zurich university of applied sciences / zurich, switzerland
das inm in den medien / inm in the media
86 management board board of trustees chair: dr. susanne reichrath organigramm / organizational chart prof. dr. karin jacobs inm fellows saarland university shareholder’s meeting saarland / saarland university scientific director / ceo prof. dr. eduard arzt -500 prof. dr. guido kickelbick prof. dr. dr. daniel strauss optical materials dr. peter w. de oliveira -148 pd innovative electron microscopy prof. dr. niels de jonge -313 pd modelling / simulation n. n. pd physical analytics dr. marcus koch -144 service group energy materials prof. dr. volker presser -177 pd functional microstructures prof. dr. eduard arzt -500 pd nanotribology prof. dr. roland bennewitz structure formation dr. tobias kraus -389 pd switchable microfluidics dr. jiaxi cui -213 pd -350 jrg innovationcenter inm / chemical engineering head: dr. peter w. de oliveira deputy head: dr. tobias kraus -148 -389
jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 2015 87 stand: 31.12.2015 / as of: 31.12.2015 scientific advisory board chair: dr. gerhard langstein scientific director prof. dr. aránzazu del campo -510 business director günter weber -290 biomineralization pd dr. ingrid weiss -318 pd dynamic biomaterials prof. dr. aránzazu del campo -510 pd nano cell interactions dr. annette kraegeloh -440 pd nanomers® dr. carsten becker-willinger -196 pd chemical analytics dr. claudia fink-straube -392 service group personnel department bernd rus -304 project support dr. marcus geerkens -227 it service wolfgang türk -154 engineering dietmar serwas -103 service group library & information elke bubel -376 service group accounting natascha meiser -306 purchasing dieter klein -225 jahresbericht 2015 / annual report 201587
inm — leibniz-institut für neue materialien ggmbh campus d2 2 · 66123 saarbrücken · www.leibniz-inm.de telefon: +49 (0) 681 9300-0 geschäftsführer: prof. dr. eduard arzt (vorsitz), prof. dr. aránzazu del campo, günter weber unseren jahresbericht gibt es auch als interaktives blätter-pdf. find our annual report as an interactive pdf. issn: 1864-255x telefon: +49 (0) 6819300-0