{"id":32082,"date":"2024-03-05T13:33:59","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T13:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/?page_id=32082"},"modified":"2025-11-19T14:08:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T14:08:08","slug":"immuno-materials","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/research\/scientific-units\/immuno-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"Immuno-Materials"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Building Immunity from the Bottom Up<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The Emmy Noether Research Group Immuno Materials develops new synthetic cell-based approaches to regulate and study immune reactions. By applying model membrane systems and in vitro reconstitution approaches, inspired from bottom-up synthetic biology, we engineer controlled cellular environments that trigger immune reaction in T cells and cancer cells. With this approach, we study how biophysical and biochemical cues guide cancer-immune signaling and apply this knowledge to improve next generation immunotherapies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"inm-person image-right\">\r\n    <div class=\"container\">\r\n        <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                            <div class=\"members-item_image\">\r\n                    <img width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer.png\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Dr. Oskar Staufer\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer-309x247.png 309w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer-768x614.png 768w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer-480x384.png 480w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer-244x195.png 244w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer-310x248.png 310w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer-960x768.png 960w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Oskar-Staufer-620x496.png 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"members-item_name\">Dr. Oskar Staufer<\/div>\r\n                                        \r\n                    Head of Immuno-Materials\r\n                                            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Telefon:  +49 (0)681-9300-281<\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                        \r\n                                            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:oskar.staufer@leibniz-inm.de\">oskar.staufer@leibniz-inm.de<\/a><\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"publications-item_button\">\r\n                        <a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/dr-staufer-oskar\/\">More information<\/a>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Mitarbeiter\/innen<\/summary><style>.inm-members{gap:1.5rem;margin-bottom:6rem}.inm-members .members-item_name{display:block;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:1.2rem;line-height:1.2}.inm-members .members-item_name h1,.inm-members .members-item_name h2,.inm-members .members-item_name h3,.inm-members .members-item_name h4,.inm-members .members-item_name h5,.inm-members .members-item_name h6{margin:0}.inm-members .members-item_name a{text-decoration:none;color:var(--color-text)}.inm-members p{margin:0 0 0}.inm-members .members-item{border-bottom:2px solid var(--color-gray);padding:0 0 1.5rem;box-sizing:border-box}<\/style><div class=\"inm-members-wrap aaa\">\r\n    <div class=\"inm-members grid\">\r\n        \r\n                        <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/dr-balabanov-ivaylo\/\">\n                Dr. Ivaylo Balabanov            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-463\/464<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: ivaylo.balabanov@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/b-sc-bauer-alina-sophie\/\">\n                B.Sc. Alina Sophie Bauer            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: alina.bauer@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/m-sc-burgstaller-anna\/\">\n                M.Sc. Anna Burgstaller            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-461<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: anna.burgstaller@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/m-sc-collina-camilla\/\">\n                M.Sc. Camilla Collina            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-463\/464<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: camilla.collina@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/lopez-lopez-erick-angel\/\">\n                B.Eng. Erick Angel Lopez Lopez            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: erick.lopez@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/b-techn-madanagopal-premnath\/\">\n                B.Techn. Premnath Madanagopal            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: premnath.madanagopal@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/m-sc-madureira-gomes-tiago-sara-maria\/\">\n                M.Sc. Sara Maria Madureira Gomes Tiago            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-461\/462<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: sara.madureira@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/dr-mikhaylenko-nathan\/\">\n                Dr. Nathan Mikhaylenko            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-462<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: nathan.mikhaylenko@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/m-sc-piernitzki-nils\/\">\n                M.Sc. Nils Piernitzki            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-462<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: nils.piernitzki@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/m-sc-ragno-maria-sole\/\">\n                M.Sc. Maria Sole Ragno            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-472<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: MariaSole.Ragno@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/schorr-aron\/\">\n                Aron Schorr            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-393<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: aron.schorr@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/dr-staufer-oskar\/\">\n                Dr. Oskar Staufer            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-281<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: oskar.staufer@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"members-item\">\r\n                    <div class=\"members-item_content\">\r\n                            \n            <div class=\"members-item_name\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/m-sc-voide-marion\/\">\n                M.Sc. Marion Voide            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_phone\">Phone:  +49 (0)681-9300-472<\/div>\n    \n    \n            <div class=\"members-item_email\">E-mail: marion.voide@leibniz-inm.de<\/div>\n    \n    \n    \n                               <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Research<\/strong><\/summary>\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 60%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Synthetic tumor immune microenvironments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Major research questions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>How do cancer cells adapt to their immune microenvironment? How does the presence of immune cells around cancer cells affect their response to therapy? How do the biophysical properties of tumors change when immune cell infiltrate into them?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Within the framework of this project, we develop artificial tumour immune microenvironments (TIMEs) for human pancreatic cancer organoids empowering structured and rational analysis of tumour immune adaptations Immune cells, the defining elements of an immune microenvironment are recreated as synthetic cells by bottom-up assembly from their single molecular building blocks The programmable synthetic cells are introduced into tumour organoids to function as lifelike leukocyte mimics presenting immune effector functions By this, a molecularly defined immune environment is created inside tumour models Multi-parametric screenings assess organoid development as well as immunotherapy response as a function of the synthetic microenvironment configuration This strategy links TIME architectures to cancer immune adaptation and evasion for quantitative description of therapy resistance The project strives to de-convolute the dynamic complexity of the tumour immune microenvironment towards a rational dissection Moreover, it contributes concepts for the assembly of hybrid biomaterials that embody essential features of living cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"387\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.12.47-e1715697026372-1024x387.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32372 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.12.47-e1715697026372-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.12.47-e1715697026372-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.12.47-e1715697026372-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.12.47-e1715697026372.png 1387w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img width=\"498\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.15.05-e1715697063127.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32370 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.15.05-e1715697063127.png 498w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.15.05-e1715697063127-295x300.png 295w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Synthetic lymphatic tissues<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Major research questions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em><em>What are the microanatomical architectures and mechanical properties that favor T-cell stimulation in lymph nodes? What is the cross-correlation between mechanical and biochemical cues during T-cell activation? How do T cells collect and integrate signals within lymph nodes? How can T-cells be activated in a programmable, long-lasting and controlled way for therapeutic purposes?<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T cells are instrumental in combatting diseases and fostering lasting immunity. Their maturation is a meticulously orchestrated process that takes place within lymph nodes, the central regulatory hubs for immunity. These nodes not only determine the stimulation of specific T cell types but also provide the optimal environment for their activation, ensuring a targeted and potent response. This maturation involves a sequence of events, including initial stimulation, monoclonal expansion, and differentiation. The sequence\u2019s order and duration are vital for cultivating a diverse T cell population and a successful adaptive immune response. As T cells mature, the cellular microenvironment within the lymph nodes continually evolves, leading to changes in the biochemical and biomechanical properties of adjacent cells. Such alterations, like shifts in tissue stiffness or the introduction of various stimulatory ligands, guide T cell maturation and support their differentiation. For example, during T cell expansion, the lymph node environment sees about a 3-fold increase in stiffness, and nearby cells like antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) release more stimulatory ligands and cytokines, such as IL-7 and CCL21. However, current in vitro T-cell expansion technologies fall short in replicating this intricate sequence of events. Our project aims to establish ex vivo T-cell expansion pipelines that mirror these in vivo processes, incorporating modules that adjust T-cell microenvironments using synthetic cells. This approach aims to boost the production of high-quality, therapeutic T cells for immunotherapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Synthetic tumor niches<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Major research questions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>How can leukemia cells hide in lymph nodes? Which survival and resistance signals do they receive there? How can we design ex vivo systems to mimic and study the relevant processes?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leukemia, a form of blood cancer, remains a formidable challenge in oncology. Despite many patients initially responding to treatments and the advent of advanced immunotherapies that have notably enhanced prognoses, relapses remain a significant concern. This is largely attributed to certain leukemia cells, particularly cancer stem cells, finding sanctuary within lymph nodes. These nodes, under normal physiological conditions, offer a nourishing environment for white blood cells to proliferate and thrive. However, under pathological conditions, such as in cancer, they can inadvertently provide a protective haven for therapy-resistant leukemia cells. In this project, we aim to decipher the key signals lymph nodes extend to resident leukemia cells that confer therapy resistance. To achieve this, we build our own synthetic lymph nodes from the bottom-up, controlling their biochemical and biophysical properties aligned with those observed in leukemia patients. Subsequent treatments with chemotherapy and antibody immunotherapies allow us to evaluate how the lymph node environment potentially aids cancer cell survival. This endeavor, while rooted in fundamental science, holds promise for offering predictive insights in a translational context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img width=\"802\" height=\"602\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.15.10-e1715697097727.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32365 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.15.10-e1715697097727.png 802w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.15.10-e1715697097727-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-07-at-14.15.10-e1715697097727-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Research Philosophy<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">In the ever-evolving landscape of scientific research, our lab stands firm on certain foundational beliefs that guide our inquiries and innovations. These principles not only shape our approach but also define our commitment to advancing the frontiers of knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Balancing Fundamental Science with Technological Advances:<\/strong> At the heart of our work is a deep respect for fundamental science, understanding its role as the catalyst for technological innovations. Conversely, we recognize that new technologies can illuminate and deepen our fundamental insights. In this symbiotic relationship, our lab harnesses both the foundational and the innovative aspects of the life sciences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Synthetic Biology &amp; Understanding by Design:<\/strong> Merely observing and perturbing molecules, cells, and organisms isn\u2019t enough to truly grasp the intricacies of biological systems. We embrace the principles of synthetic biology, advocating for an \u201eunderstand-by-design\u201c approach. By adopting an engineering lens towards life, we seek to derive quantitative insights and fortify our scientific discourse with new empirical evidence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Insight Over Data:<\/strong> While data-driven research forms the bedrock of science, we believe that conceptual insights often hold greater value. We believe in the power of ideas and emphasizing the significance of arguments is rooted in experiments and mechanisms over mere data accumulation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Beyond these foundational pillars, our lab emphasizes inclusivity and collaboration.<\/strong> We foster an environment where individuals, regardless of their career stage, are encouraged to share ideas and constructive critiques. Open dialogue is our strength; it\u2019s through candid and sometimes challenging discussions that we unearth groundbreaking insights and concepts. Our ultimate goal is to cultivate a nurturing space where students flourish and scientists are equipped with all they need to discover new perspectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Success stories<\/strong><\/summary>\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">Though our lab was only recently established, we&#8217;ve been at the forefront of pioneering new concepts in synthetic biology and immunotherapy. Our contributions have already made significant impacts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Beyond the Spike: Pioneering Discoveries in the Heart of a Pandemic<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic tested us all, both personally and professionally. As nations grappled with lockdowns, scientists globally ramped up their efforts to decode the mysteries of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We all played our part.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the summer of 2020, at the pandemic\u2019s onset, we collaborated with an interdisciplinary team from the University of Bristol and the Max Planck Center Bristol in the UK. Our colleagues there achieved a groundbreaking discovery: they identified the molecular structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding unexpectedly to a fatty acid, specifically linoleic acid (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/full\/10.1126\/science.abd3255\">Toelzer et al. (2020) <em>Science<\/em><\/a>). This finding was monumental. The fatty acid essentially \u201elocked\u201c the spike protein, preventing it from infecting cells. We soon recognized the profound implications this could have on our understanding of COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the pandemic evolved, we delved deeper into the fatty acid binding pocket\u2019s role. Notably, all emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants retained this binding pocket. Using our understand-by-design approach, in partnership with the Max Planck Center, we crafted non-infective, molecularly defined minimal synthetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 virions. This allowed us to methodically analyze the fatty acid\u2019s role in virus-cell docking (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-022-28446-x\">Staufer et al. (2021) <em>Nature Communications<\/em><\/a>). Our research led to a model that elucidated the evolutionary advantage of the fatty acid binding pocket: it shields the virus from immune detection. This molecular switch modulates the virus\u2019s infectivity, adapting to the immune system\u2019s local activity and inflammation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our minimal virions also shed light on the evolution and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-27881-6\">Gupta et al. (2021) <em>Nature Communications<\/em><\/a>) and provided insights into how the virus impedes the formation of immune synapses (<a href=\"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/220\/2\/e20220906\/213689\/SARS-CoV-2-Spike-protein-suppresses-CTL-mediated\">Onnis et al. (2022) <em>Journal of Experimental Medicine<\/em><\/a>). Our discoveries surrounding the fatty acid binding pocket even spurred the creation of Halo Therapeutics, a UK-based company now developing pan-coronavirus treatments. Halo just completed its <a href=\"https:\/\/developmentbank.wales\/news-and-events\/ps152-million-boost-halo-therapeutics-life-sciences-business-invests-wales\">Series A funding<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, our journey has been both challenging and rewarding. We\u2019ve made groundbreaking scientific discoveries, engaged in enriching discussions, and forged new partnerships, all underpinned by our understand-by-design approach. It\u2019s a testament to the power of collaboration and innovation in the face of adversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Synthetic Surge: Engineering Life&#8217;s Blueprint in the New Age of Biology<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the realm of biology, the understand-by-design approach isn\u2019t a newcomer. For decades, scientists have endeavored to recreate cellular life. Yet, it\u2019s the emergence of advanced molecular systems engineering and the capability to craft supramolecular systems in test tubes that has truly transformed our pace. Now, we can swiftly replicate natural cells with varied functions, from cell division to regulating cellular immunity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Armed with these cutting-edge tools, the global race towards synthetic cells is in full swing. Numerous labs and initiatives are sprouting, all with a shared vision: to birth the first living synthetic cells. While some delve deep into life\u2019s fundamentals, others see a future where these synthetic cells, being more controllable, can revolutionize sustainability and medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spurred by the SynCell conference in 2021 and in collaboration with global partners, we\u2019ve embarked on a mission to streamline these worldwide endeavors. Joining forces with early-career scientists from nations like the US, UK, Netherlands, Spain, Germany, France, Japan, and Australia, we\u2019ve brainstormed ways to attract the next generation of innovators to this field. Our aspiration goes beyond just cells; we aim to build a community to engineer synthetic cells and organelles from the bottom-up! We\u2019ve strategized to amplify the socioeconomic and technological impacts of synthetic cells and emphasized the importance of an interconnected, interdisciplinary research community (<a href=\"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/73556\">Staufer et al. (2021) <em>eLife<\/em><\/a>). By bolstering communication, sharing resources, and initiating educational programs, we believe in a sustainable future for this field. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our journey, bridging continents and disciplines, stands as a testament to the collaborative spirit of science. Witnessing the passion and drive of early-career scientists has been turely enriching!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Open position<\/strong><\/summary>\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">We pride ourselves on being a diverse team, both culturally and scientifically. Our expertise spans a wide range of the natural sciences, including biophysics, immunology, advanced microscopy, microfluidics, nanotechnology, drug delivery, immunotherapy, virology, molecular biology, membranes, electrophysiology, cell biology, physical chemistry, and more. We invite you to reach out and become a part of our vibrant community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Postdoctoral Researchers:<\/strong> We have fully-funded postdoc positions available. If you\u2019re considering fellowships, we provide guidance and support for applications, including but not limited to the Marie Curie Fellowship, DFG Walter Benjamin Program, and the Feodor Lynen Fellowship by the Humboldt Foundation. We value your unique research ideas for other programs and offer constructive discussions within our group to help you craft a successful proposal. For postdoc opportunities, please get in touch <a href=\"https:\/\/stauferlab.com\/open-positions\/\">by sending your interest statement to us directly<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PhD Candidates:<\/strong> We invite applications for our fully funded PhD positions. Our research projects are co-defined with students, emphasizing interdisciplinary training and state-of-the-art methods spanning biophysics, microfluidics, immunology, advanced microscopy, and 3D cell culturing. <a href=\"https:\/\/stauferlab.com\/open-positions\/\">Send us your motivation letter and CV<\/a>. We\u2019re eager to hear about your research ideas and welcome you to explore them in our lab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Master\u2019s Students:<\/strong> We offer opportunities for master\u2019s thesis projects in areas like synthetic cells, immunotherapy, organoids, and biomaterials. While these subjects have a predefined framework, we encourage students to add their unique perspective. Every master\u2019s student is mentored directly by an experienced PhD candidate or postdoc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>High School Students:<\/strong> Unsure about your academic path? Curious about the dynamics of a research lab? We offer short-term research internships, providing a glimpse into the world of natural sciences. Join us and get a hands-on experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Publikationen<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.inm-publications{margin-bottom:6rem}.inm-publications .publications-item{background:var(--color-gray);padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 0 2.5rem}.inm-publications .publications-item_content .publications-content,.inm-publications .publications-item_content .publications-image{padding:2rem}.inm-publications .publications-item_content .publications-image{padding-bottom:0}@media (min-width:768px){.inm-publications .publications-item_content{display:flex;gap:0;align-items:stretch;justify-content:space-between}.inm-publications .publications-item_content .publications-image{max-width:115px;min-width:115px;box-sizing:content-box}.inm-publications .publications-item_content 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#publications_search_bar,.page-id-29769 #publications_search_bar{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr auto !important}}@media (max-width:767px){#publications_filter{border-radius:30px}#publications_filter #publications_search_bar{flex-direction:column}#publications_filter #publications_search_bar .custom-select-wrapper,#publications_filter #publications_search_bar input[type=\"text\"],#publications_filter #publications_search_bar .publications-search-button{width:100%;flex:none}.inm-publications-wrap{width:100vw;max-width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw)}.inm-publications-wrap .publications-year{padding-left:2.5rem}.inm-publications-wrap .pagination{padding:0 2.5rem}}.doi-abstract-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:0;line-height:1}.abstract-toggle{background:none;border:none;font-weight:normal;cursor:pointer;color:#000;padding:0;width:auto;min-width:0px;margin-right:40px;padding-left:25px;position:relative;overflow:visible}.abstract-toggle:before{content:\"\";width:16px;height:16px;background:url(\/wp-content\/themes\/inm\/images\/icon_plus.svg) left center no-repeat;background-size:98%;position:absolute;left:0;top:50%;transform:translate(0, -54%)}.abstract-toggle.active{font-weight:700}.abstract-toggle.active:before{background:url(\/wp-content\/themes\/inm\/images\/icon_minus.svg) left center no-repeat;background-size:98%}.publication-abstract{line-height:1.5;max-height:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height 0.4s ease, opacity 0.4s ease}.publication-abstract.open{max-height:1000px;opacity:1}.doi-mobile{display:none;margin-top:1rem}@media (max-width:767px){.abstract-toggle+.doi{display:none}.doi-mobile{display:block}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"inm-publications-wrap\" id=\"publications\">\n    <div class=\"inm-publications\">\n        \n                        <div class=\"publications-item radius-20\">\n                    <div class=\"publications-item_content\">\n                        <div class=\"publications-image\">                                <img width=\"115\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Solution-structure-and-synaptic-analyses-reveal-determinants-of-bispecific-T-cell-engager-potency.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>                            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"publications-content\">\n                            <div class=\"publications-item_name\">Solution structure and synaptic analyses reveal determinants of bispecific T cell engager potency<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"publications-item_details\">\n                                <p>Leithner, Alexander | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/dr-staufer-oskar\/\">Staufer, Oskar<\/a> | Mitra, Tanmay | Liberta, Falk | Valvo, Salvatore | Kutuzov, Mikhail | Dada, Hannah | Spaeth, Jacob | Zhou, Weijie | Schiele, Felix | Reindl, Sophia | Nar, Herbert | Hoerer, Stefan | Crames, Maureen | Comeau, Stephen | Young, David | Low, Sarah | Jenkins, Edward | Davis, Simon J. | Klenerman, David | Nixon, Andrew | Pefaur, Noah | Wyatt, David | Dushek, Omer | Kasturirangan, Srinath | Dustin, Michael L.<\/p>\n                            \n                                                                    <p class=\"doi-abstract-row\">\n                                                                                    <button class=\"abstract-toggle\" data-target=\"abstract-40033\">\n                                                Abstract                                            <\/button>\n                                                                            \n                                                                                    <span class=\"doi\">DOI:\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2425781122\" target=\"_blank\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n                                                10.1073\/pnas.2425781122                                            <\/a><\/span>\n                                                                            \n                                    <\/p>\n                                \n                                                                            <div id=\"abstract-40033\" class=\"publication-abstract\">\n                                            <p>Bispecific T cell engagers (TcEs) link T cell receptors to tumor-associated antigens on cancer cells, forming cytotoxic immunological synapses (IS). Close membrane-to-membrane contact (\u226413 nm) has been proposed as a key mechanism of TcE function. To investigate this and identify potential additional mechanisms, we compared four immunoglobulin G1-based (IgG1) TcE Formats (A\u2013D) targeting CD3\u03b5 and Her2, designed to create varying intermembrane distances (A &lt; B &lt; C &lt; D). Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and modeling of the conformational states of isolated TcEs and TcE\u2013antigen complexes predicted close contacts (\u226413 nm) for Formats A and B and far contacts (\u226518 nm) for Formats C and D. In supported lipid bilayer (SLB) model interfaces, Formats A and B recruited, whereas Formats C and D repelled, CD2\u2013CD58 interactions. Formats A and B also excluded bulky Quantum dots more effectively. SAXS also revealed that TcE\u2013antigen complexes formed by Formats A and C were less flexible than complexes formed by Formats B and D. Functional data with Her2-expressing tumor cells showed cytotoxicity, surface marker expression, and cytokine release following the order A &gt; B = C &gt; D. In a minimal system for IS formation on SLBs, TcE performance followed the trend A = B = C &gt; D. Addition of close contact requiring CD58 costimulation revealed phospholipase C-\u03b3 activation matching cytotoxicity with A &gt; B = C &gt; D. Our findings suggest that when adhesion is equivalent, TcE potency is determined by two parameters: contact distance and flexibility. Both the close\/far-contact formation axis and the low\/ high flexibility axis significantly impact TcE potency, explaining the similar potency of Format B (close contact\/high flexibility) and C (far contact\/low flexibility). Copyright \u00a9 2025 the Author(s).<\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                                                        \n                                                                            <span class=\"doi doi-mobile\">DOI:\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2425781122\" target=\"_blank\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n                                            10.1073\/pnas.2425781122                                        <\/a><\/span>\n                                                                                                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"publications-item_button\">\n                            <div class=\"open_access_wrap\">\n                                <p>\n                                    <strong>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America                                    , <br>\n                                    <\/strong>2025,                                     122  (22), e2425781122.                                 <\/p>\n                                <span class=\"open_access\">OPEN ACCESS<\/span>                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"button_wrap\">\n                                                                    <a target=\"_blank\"\n                                       class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\"\n                                       href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2425781122\"\n                                       aria-label=\"Read the full publication: Solution structure and synaptic analyses reveal determinants of bispecific T cell engager potency\">\n                                       <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Discover more<\/span>\n                                       <span class=\"wp-element-button_arrow\"><\/span>\n                                    <\/a>\n                                                                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"publications-item radius-20\">\n                    <div class=\"publications-item_content\">\n                        <div class=\"publications-image\">                                <img width=\"115\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Functional-Integration-of-Synthetic-Cells-into-3D-Microfluidic-Devices-for-Artificial-Organ-On-Chip-Technologies.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>                            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"publications-content\">\n                            <div class=\"publications-item_name\">Functional Integration of Synthetic Cells into 3D Microfluidic Devices for Artificial Organ-On-Chip Technologies<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"publications-item_details\">\n                                <p>Hakami, Niki | Burgstaller, Anna | Gao, Ning | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/rutz-angela-krispina\/\">Rutz, Angela<\/a> | Mann, Stephen | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/staff\/dr-staufer-oskar\/\">Staufer, Oskar<\/a><\/p>\n                            \n                                                                    <p class=\"doi-abstract-row\">\n                                                                                    <button class=\"abstract-toggle\" data-target=\"abstract-33545\">\n                                                Abstract                                            <\/button>\n                                                                            \n                                                                                    <span class=\"doi\">DOI:\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202303334\" target=\"_blank\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n                                                10.1002\/adhm.202303334                                            <\/a><\/span>\n                                                                            \n                                    <\/p>\n                                \n                                                                            <div id=\"abstract-33545\" class=\"publication-abstract\">\n                                            <p>Microfluidics plays a pivotal role in organ-on-chip technologies and in the study of synthetic cells, especially in the development and analysis of artificial cell models. However, approaches that use synthetic cells as integral functional components for microfluidic systems to shape the microenvironment of natural living cells cultured on-chip are not explored. Here, colloidosome-based synthetic cells are integrated into 3D microfluidic devices, pioneering the concept of synthetic cell-based microenvironments for organs-on-chip. Methods are devised to create dense and stable networks of silica colloidosomes, enveloped by supported lipid bilayers, within microfluidic channels. These networks promote receptor-ligand interactions with on-chip cultured cells. Furthermore, a technique is introduced for the controlled release of growth factors from the synthetic cells into the channels, using a calcium alginate-based hydrogel formation within the colloidosomes. To demonstrate the potential of the technology, a modular plug-and-play lymph-node-on-a-chip prototype that guides the expansion of primary human T cells by stimulating receptor ligands on the T cells and modulating their cytokine environment is presented. This integration of synthetic cells into microfluidic systems offers a new direction for organ-on-chip technologies and suggests further avenues for exploration in potential therapeutic applications.<\/p>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                                                        \n                                                                            <span class=\"doi doi-mobile\">DOI:\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202303334\" target=\"_blank\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n                                            10.1002\/adhm.202303334                                        <\/a><\/span>\n                                                                                                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"publications-item_button\">\n                            <div class=\"open_access_wrap\">\n                                <p>\n                                    <strong>Advanced Healthcare Materials                                    , <br>\n                                    <\/strong>2024,                                     13  (22), 2303334.                                 <\/p>\n                                <span class=\"open_access\">OPEN ACCESS<\/span>                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"button_wrap\">\n                                                                    <a target=\"_blank\"\n                                       class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\"\n                                       href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202303334\"\n                                       aria-label=\"Read the full publication: Functional Integration of Synthetic Cells into 3D Microfluidic Devices for Artificial Organ-On-Chip Technologies\">\n                                       <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Discover more<\/span>\n                                       <span class=\"wp-element-button_arrow\"><\/span>\n                                    <\/a>\n                                                                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32082\/\/?show_more=true#publications_filter\" class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">More publications<\/a><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"pagination\">\n                            <\/div>\n            \n                <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n        if (e.target.classList.contains('abstract-toggle')) {\n            const targetId = e.target.dataset.target;\n            const el = document.getElementById(targetId);\n    \n            if (!el) return;\n    \n            el.classList.toggle('open');\n            e.target.classList.toggle('active');\n        }\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:200px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Building Immunity from the Bottom Up The Emmy Noether Research Group Immuno Materials develops new synthetic cell-based approaches to regulate and study immune reactions. By applying model membrane systems and in vitro reconstitution approaches, inspired from bottom-up synthetic biology, we engineer controlled cellular environments that trigger immune reaction in T cells and cancer cells. With [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33175,"parent":22043,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32082","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Immuno-Materials - INM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Immuno-Materials \u2013 Eine Seite des Leibniz-Instituts f\u00fcr Neue Materialien (INM).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-inm.de\/en\/research\/scientific-units\/immuno-materials\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Immuno-Materials - 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